diff options
| author | 0x221E | 2026-06-14 14:06:45 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | 0x221E | 2026-06-14 14:06:45 +0200 |
| commit | cacee711ffebd105827ce8b35e4c13a4e674538a (patch) | |
| tree | 94bd8c29c08a8acb2b8e9e17531e79d02781bafb /templates/busybox | |
initial commit
Diffstat (limited to 'templates/busybox')
| -rw-r--r-- | templates/busybox/patches/custom_config.patch | 26524 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | templates/busybox/template | 19 |
2 files changed, 26543 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/templates/busybox/patches/custom_config.patch b/templates/busybox/patches/custom_config.patch new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0908dd --- /dev/null +++ b/templates/busybox/patches/custom_config.patch @@ -0,0 +1,26524 @@ +diff --color -ruN busybox-1.38.0/configs/0x221E_defconfig modified-busybox/configs/0x221E_defconfig +--- busybox-1.38.0/configs/0x221E_defconfig 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 ++++ modified-busybox/configs/0x221E_defconfig 2026-06-04 01:23:09.788846536 +0200 +@@ -0,0 +1,1248 @@ ++# ++# Automatically generated make config: don't edit ++# Busybox version: 1.38.0 ++# Thu Jun 4 01:21:34 2026 ++# ++CONFIG_HAVE_DOT_CONFIG=y ++ ++# ++# Settings ++# ++CONFIG_DESKTOP=y ++# CONFIG_EXTRA_COMPAT is not set ++# CONFIG_FEDORA_COMPAT is not set ++CONFIG_INCLUDE_SUSv2=y ++CONFIG_LONG_OPTS=y ++CONFIG_SHOW_USAGE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_COMPRESS_USAGE=y ++CONFIG_LFS=y ++CONFIG_TIME64=y ++# CONFIG_PAM is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DEVPTS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UTMP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WTMP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_PIDFILE=y ++CONFIG_PID_FILE_PATH="/var/run" ++CONFIG_BUSYBOX=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SHOW_SCRIPT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INSTALLER=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VERSION=y ++# CONFIG_INSTALL_NO_USR is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG_QUIET=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS is not set ++CONFIG_BUSYBOX_EXEC_PATH="/proc/self/exe" ++# CONFIG_SELINUX is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOG_INFO=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOG=y ++ ++# ++# Build Options ++# ++# CONFIG_STATIC is not set ++# CONFIG_PIE is not set ++# CONFIG_NOMMU is not set ++# CONFIG_BUILD_LIBBUSYBOX is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_LIBBUSYBOX_STATIC is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SHARED_BUSYBOX is not set ++CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILER_PREFIX="" ++CONFIG_SYSROOT="" ++CONFIG_EXTRA_CFLAGS="" ++CONFIG_EXTRA_LDFLAGS="" ++CONFIG_EXTRA_LDLIBS="" ++# CONFIG_USE_PORTABLE_CODE is not set ++CONFIG_STACK_OPTIMIZATION_386=y ++CONFIG_STATIC_LIBGCC=y ++ ++# ++# Installation Options ("make install" behavior) ++# ++CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_SYMLINKS=y ++# CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_HARDLINKS is not set ++# CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_SCRIPT_WRAPPERS is not set ++# CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_DONT is not set ++# CONFIG_INSTALL_SH_APPLET_SYMLINK is not set ++# CONFIG_INSTALL_SH_APPLET_HARDLINK is not set ++# CONFIG_INSTALL_SH_APPLET_SCRIPT_WRAPPER is not set ++CONFIG_PREFIX="./_install" ++ ++# ++# Debugging Options ++# ++# CONFIG_DEBUG is not set ++# CONFIG_DEBUG_PESSIMIZE is not set ++# CONFIG_DEBUG_SANITIZE is not set ++# CONFIG_UNIT_TEST is not set ++# CONFIG_WERROR is not set ++# CONFIG_WARN_SIMPLE_MSG is not set ++CONFIG_NO_DEBUG_LIB=y ++# CONFIG_DMALLOC is not set ++# CONFIG_EFENCE is not set ++ ++# ++# Library Tuning ++# ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_BSS_TAIL is not set ++CONFIG_FLOAT_DURATION=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_RTMINMAX=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_RTMINMAX_USE_LIBC_DEFINITIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BUFFERS_USE_MALLOC=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_BUFFERS_GO_ON_STACK is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_BUFFERS_GO_IN_BSS is not set ++CONFIG_PASSWORD_MINLEN=6 ++CONFIG_MD5_SMALL=1 ++CONFIG_SHA1_SMALL=3 ++CONFIG_SHA1_HWACCEL=y ++CONFIG_SHA256_HWACCEL=y ++CONFIG_SHA3_SMALL=1 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NON_POSIX_CP=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_CP_MESSAGE is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_SENDFILE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_COPYBUF_KB=4 ++CONFIG_MONOTONIC_SYSCALL=y ++CONFIG_IOCTL_HEX2STR_ERROR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_MAX_LEN=1024 ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_VI is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_HISTORY=200 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_SAVEHISTORY=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_SAVE_ON_EXIT is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_REVERSE_SEARCH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAB_COMPLETION=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_USERNAME_COMPLETION=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_FANCY_PROMPT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_WINCH=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_ASK_TERMINAL is not set ++# CONFIG_LOCALE_SUPPORT is not set ++CONFIG_UNICODE_SUPPORT=y ++# CONFIG_UNICODE_USING_LOCALE is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_UNICODE_IN_ENV is not set ++CONFIG_SUBST_WCHAR=63 ++CONFIG_LAST_SUPPORTED_WCHAR=767 ++# CONFIG_UNICODE_COMBINING_WCHARS is not set ++# CONFIG_UNICODE_WIDE_WCHARS is not set ++# CONFIG_UNICODE_BIDI_SUPPORT is not set ++# CONFIG_UNICODE_NEUTRAL_TABLE is not set ++# CONFIG_UNICODE_PRESERVE_BROKEN is not set ++# CONFIG_LOOP_CONFIGURE is not set ++# CONFIG_NO_LOOP_CONFIGURE is not set ++CONFIG_TRY_LOOP_CONFIGURE=y ++ ++# ++# Applets ++# ++ ++# ++# Archival Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_XZ=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_LZMA=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_BZ2=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_GZ=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_Z is not set ++# CONFIG_AR is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_AR_LONG_FILENAMES is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_AR_CREATE is not set ++# CONFIG_UNCOMPRESS is not set ++CONFIG_GUNZIP=y ++CONFIG_ZCAT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_GUNZIP_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_BUNZIP2=y ++CONFIG_BZCAT=y ++CONFIG_UNLZMA=y ++CONFIG_LZCAT=y ++CONFIG_LZMA=y ++CONFIG_UNXZ=y ++CONFIG_XZCAT=y ++CONFIG_XZ=y ++CONFIG_BZIP2=y ++CONFIG_BZIP2_SMALL=8 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BZIP2_DECOMPRESS=y ++CONFIG_CPIO=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CPIO_O=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CPIO_P=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CPIO_IGNORE_DEVNO=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CPIO_RENUMBER_INODES=y ++CONFIG_DPKG=y ++CONFIG_DPKG_DEB=y ++CONFIG_GZIP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_GZIP_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_GZIP_FAST=0 ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_GZIP_LEVELS is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_GZIP_DECOMPRESS=y ++CONFIG_LZOP=y ++# CONFIG_UNLZOP is not set ++# CONFIG_LZOPCAT is not set ++# CONFIG_LZOP_COMPR_HIGH is not set ++CONFIG_RPM=y ++CONFIG_RPM2CPIO=y ++CONFIG_TAR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_CREATE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_AUTODETECT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_FROM=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_OLDGNU_COMPATIBILITY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_OLDSUN_COMPATIBILITY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_GNU_EXTENSIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_TO_COMMAND=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_UNAME_GNAME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_NOPRESERVE_TIME=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_SELINUX is not set ++CONFIG_UNZIP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_CDF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_BZIP2=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_LZMA=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_XZ=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_LZMA_FAST is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_PATH_TRAVERSAL_PROTECTION is not set ++ ++# ++# Coreutils ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE=y ++ ++# ++# Common options for date and touch ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TIMEZONE=y ++ ++# ++# Common options for cp and mv ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_PRESERVE_HARDLINKS=y ++ ++# ++# Common options for df, du, ls ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HUMAN_READABLE=y ++CONFIG_BASENAME=y ++CONFIG_CAT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CATN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CATV=y ++CONFIG_CHGRP=y ++CONFIG_CHMOD=y ++CONFIG_CHOWN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CHOWN_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_CHROOT=y ++CONFIG_CKSUM=y ++CONFIG_CRC32=y ++CONFIG_COMM=y ++CONFIG_CP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CP_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CP_REFLINK=y ++CONFIG_CUT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CUT_REGEX=y ++CONFIG_DATE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_DATE_NANO is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DATE_COMPAT=y ++CONFIG_DD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_SIGNAL_HANDLING=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_THIRD_STATUS_LINE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_IBS_OBS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_STATUS=y ++CONFIG_DF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DF_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SKIP_ROOTFS=y ++CONFIG_DIRNAME=y ++CONFIG_DOS2UNIX=y ++CONFIG_UNIX2DOS=y ++CONFIG_DU=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DU_DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE_1K=y ++CONFIG_ECHO=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_ECHO=y ++CONFIG_ENV=y ++CONFIG_EXPAND=y ++CONFIG_UNEXPAND=y ++CONFIG_EXPR=y ++CONFIG_EXPR_MATH_SUPPORT_64=y ++CONFIG_FACTOR=y ++CONFIG_FALSE=y ++CONFIG_FOLD=y ++CONFIG_HEAD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_HEAD=y ++CONFIG_HOSTID=y ++CONFIG_ID=y ++CONFIG_GROUPS=y ++CONFIG_INSTALL=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INSTALL_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_LINK=y ++CONFIG_LN=y ++CONFIG_LOGNAME=y ++CONFIG_LS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_FILETYPES=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_FOLLOWLINKS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_RECURSIVE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_WIDTH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_SORTFILES=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_TIMESTAMPS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_USERNAME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_COLOR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_COLOR_IS_DEFAULT=y ++CONFIG_MD5SUM=y ++CONFIG_SHA1SUM=y ++CONFIG_SHA256SUM=y ++CONFIG_SHA384SUM=y ++CONFIG_SHA512SUM=y ++CONFIG_SHA3SUM=y ++ ++# ++# Common options for md5sum, sha1sum, sha256sum, ..., sha3sum ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MD5_SHA1_SUM_CHECK=y ++CONFIG_MKDIR=y ++CONFIG_MKFIFO=y ++CONFIG_MKNOD=y ++CONFIG_MKTEMP=y ++CONFIG_MV=y ++CONFIG_NICE=y ++CONFIG_NL=y ++CONFIG_NOHUP=y ++CONFIG_NPROC=y ++CONFIG_OD=y ++CONFIG_PASTE=y ++CONFIG_PRINTENV=y ++CONFIG_PRINTF=y ++CONFIG_PWD=y ++CONFIG_READLINK=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_READLINK_FOLLOW=y ++CONFIG_REALPATH=y ++CONFIG_RM=y ++CONFIG_RMDIR=y ++CONFIG_SEQ=y ++CONFIG_SHRED=y ++CONFIG_SHUF=y ++CONFIG_SLEEP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_SLEEP=y ++CONFIG_SORT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SORT_BIG=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SORT_OPTIMIZE_MEMORY is not set ++CONFIG_SPLIT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SPLIT_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_STAT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_STAT_FORMAT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_STAT_FILESYSTEM=y ++CONFIG_STTY=y ++CONFIG_SUM=y ++CONFIG_SYNC=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SYNC_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_FSYNC=y ++CONFIG_TAC=y ++CONFIG_TAIL=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL=y ++CONFIG_TEE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TEE_USE_BLOCK_IO=y ++CONFIG_TEST=y ++CONFIG_TEST1=y ++CONFIG_TEST2=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TEST_64=y ++CONFIG_TIMEOUT=y ++CONFIG_TOUCH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TOUCH_SUSV3=y ++CONFIG_TR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TR_CLASSES=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TR_EQUIV=y ++CONFIG_TRUE=y ++CONFIG_TRUNCATE=y ++CONFIG_TSORT=y ++CONFIG_TTY=y ++CONFIG_UNAME=y ++CONFIG_UNAME_OSNAME="GNU/Linux" ++CONFIG_BB_ARCH=y ++CONFIG_UNIQ=y ++CONFIG_UNLINK=y ++CONFIG_USLEEP=y ++CONFIG_UUDECODE=y ++CONFIG_BASE32=y ++CONFIG_BASE64=y ++CONFIG_UUENCODE=y ++CONFIG_WC=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WC_LARGE=y ++CONFIG_WHO=y ++CONFIG_W=y ++CONFIG_USERS=y ++CONFIG_WHOAMI=y ++CONFIG_YES=y ++ ++# ++# Console Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_CHVT=y ++CONFIG_CLEAR=y ++CONFIG_DEALLOCVT=y ++CONFIG_DUMPKMAP=y ++CONFIG_FGCONSOLE=y ++CONFIG_KBD_MODE=y ++CONFIG_LOADFONT=y ++CONFIG_SETFONT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SETFONT_TEXTUAL_MAP=y ++CONFIG_DEFAULT_SETFONT_DIR="" ++ ++# ++# Common options for loadfont and setfont ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LOADFONT_PSF2=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LOADFONT_RAW=y ++CONFIG_LOADKMAP=y ++CONFIG_OPENVT=y ++CONFIG_RESET=y ++CONFIG_RESIZE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_RESIZE_PRINT=y ++CONFIG_SETCONSOLE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SETCONSOLE_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_SETKEYCODES=y ++CONFIG_SETLOGCONS=y ++CONFIG_SHOWKEY=y ++ ++# ++# Debian Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_PIPE_PROGRESS=y ++CONFIG_RUN_PARTS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_RUN_PARTS_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_RUN_PARTS_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_START_STOP_DAEMON=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_START_STOP_DAEMON_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_START_STOP_DAEMON_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_WHICH=y ++ ++# ++# klibc-utils ++# ++# CONFIG_MINIPS is not set ++# CONFIG_NUKE is not set ++CONFIG_RESUME=y ++CONFIG_RUN_INIT=y ++ ++# ++# Editors ++# ++CONFIG_AWK=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_AWK_LIBM=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS=y ++CONFIG_CMP=y ++CONFIG_DIFF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DIFF_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DIFF_DIR=y ++CONFIG_ED=y ++CONFIG_PATCH=y ++CONFIG_SED=y ++CONFIG_VI=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_MAX_LEN=4096 ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_8BIT is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_COLON=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_COLON_EXPAND=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_YANKMARK=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_SEARCH=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_REGEX_SEARCH is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_USE_SIGNALS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_DOT_CMD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_READONLY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_SETOPTS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_SET=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_WIN_RESIZE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_ASK_TERMINAL=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_UNDO=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_UNDO_QUEUE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_UNDO_QUEUE_MAX=256 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_VERBOSE_STATUS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_ALLOW_EXEC=y ++ ++# ++# Finding Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_FIND=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PRINT0=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_MTIME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_ATIME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_CTIME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_MMIN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_AMIN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_CMIN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PERM=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_TYPE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXECUTABLE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_XDEV=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_MAXDEPTH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_NEWER=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_INUM=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_SAMEFILE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXEC=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXEC_PLUS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXEC_OK=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_USER=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_GROUP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_NOT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_DEPTH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PAREN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_SIZE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PRUNE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_QUIT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_DELETE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EMPTY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PATH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_REGEX=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_CONTEXT is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_LINKS=y ++CONFIG_GREP=y ++CONFIG_EGREP=y ++CONFIG_FGREP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_GREP_CONTEXT=y ++CONFIG_XARGS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_CONFIRMATION=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_QUOTES=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_TERMOPT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_ZERO_TERM=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_REPL_STR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_PARALLEL=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_ARGS_FILE=y ++ ++# ++# Init Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_BOOTCHARTD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BOOTCHARTD_BLOATED_HEADER=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BOOTCHARTD_CONFIG_FILE=y ++CONFIG_HALT=y ++CONFIG_POWEROFF=y ++CONFIG_REBOOT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WAIT_FOR_INIT=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_CALL_TELINIT is not set ++CONFIG_TELINIT_PATH="" ++CONFIG_INIT=y ++CONFIG_LINUXRC=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_KILL_REMOVED is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_KILL_DELAY=0 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_SCTTY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_SYSLOG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_QUIET=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_COREDUMPS is not set ++CONFIG_INIT_TERMINAL_TYPE="linux" ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_MODIFY_CMDLINE=y ++ ++# ++# Login/Password Management Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SHADOWPASSWDS=y ++CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP=y ++CONFIG_USE_BB_SHADOW=y ++CONFIG_USE_BB_CRYPT=y ++CONFIG_USE_BB_CRYPT_SHA=y ++CONFIG_USE_BB_CRYPT_YES=y ++CONFIG_ADD_SHELL=y ++CONFIG_REMOVE_SHELL=y ++CONFIG_ADDGROUP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_ADDUSER_TO_GROUP=y ++CONFIG_ADDUSER=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_NAMES is not set ++CONFIG_LAST_ID=60000 ++CONFIG_FIRST_SYSTEM_ID=100 ++CONFIG_LAST_SYSTEM_ID=999 ++CONFIG_CHPASSWD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DEFAULT_PASSWD_ALGO="des" ++CONFIG_CRYPTPW=y ++CONFIG_MKPASSWD=y ++CONFIG_DELUSER=y ++CONFIG_DELGROUP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DEL_USER_FROM_GROUP=y ++CONFIG_GETTY=y ++CONFIG_LOGIN=y ++# CONFIG_LOGIN_SESSION_AS_CHILD is not set ++CONFIG_LOGIN_SCRIPTS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NOLOGIN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SECURETTY=y ++CONFIG_PASSWD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_PASSWD_WEAK_CHECK=y ++CONFIG_SU=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SU_SYSLOG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SU_CHECKS_SHELLS=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SU_BLANK_PW_NEEDS_SECURE_TTY is not set ++CONFIG_SULOGIN=y ++CONFIG_VLOCK=y ++ ++# ++# Linux Ext2 FS Progs ++# ++CONFIG_CHATTR=y ++CONFIG_FSCK=y ++CONFIG_LSATTR=y ++# CONFIG_TUNE2FS is not set ++ ++# ++# Linux Module Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_MODPROBE_SMALL=y ++CONFIG_DEPMOD=y ++CONFIG_INSMOD=y ++CONFIG_LSMOD=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_LSMOD_PRETTY_2_6_OUTPUT is not set ++CONFIG_MODINFO=y ++CONFIG_MODPROBE=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODPROBE_BLACKLIST is not set ++CONFIG_RMMOD=y ++ ++# ++# Options common to multiple modutils ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CMDLINE_MODULE_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MODPROBE_SMALL_CHECK_ALREADY_LOADED=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_2_4_MODULES is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_VERSION_CHECKING is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_KSYMOOPS_SYMBOLS is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_LOADINKMEM is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_LOAD_MAP is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_LOAD_MAP_FULL is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_TAINTED_MODULE is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_TRY_MMAP is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_ALIAS is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_SYMBOLS is not set ++CONFIG_DEFAULT_MODULES_DIR="/lib/modules" ++CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEPMOD_FILE="modules.dep" ++ ++# ++# Linux System Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_ACPID=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_ACPID_COMPAT=y ++CONFIG_BLKDISCARD=y ++CONFIG_BLKID=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BLKID_TYPE=y ++CONFIG_BLOCKDEV=y ++CONFIG_CAL=y ++CONFIG_CHRT=y ++CONFIG_DMESG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DMESG_PRETTY=y ++CONFIG_EJECT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_EJECT_SCSI=y ++CONFIG_FALLOCATE=y ++CONFIG_FATATTR=y ++CONFIG_FBSET=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FBSET_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FBSET_READMODE=y ++CONFIG_FDFORMAT=y ++CONFIG_FDISK=y ++# CONFIG_FDISK_SUPPORT_LARGE_DISKS is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FDISK_BLKSIZE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FDISK_WRITABLE=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_AIX_LABEL is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SGI_LABEL is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SUN_LABEL is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_OSF_LABEL is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_GPT_LABEL is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FDISK_ADVANCED=y ++CONFIG_FINDFS=y ++CONFIG_FLOCK=y ++CONFIG_FDFLUSH=y ++CONFIG_FREERAMDISK=y ++CONFIG_FSCK_MINIX=y ++CONFIG_FSFREEZE=y ++CONFIG_FSTRIM=y ++CONFIG_GETOPT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG=y ++CONFIG_HEXDUMP=y ++CONFIG_HD=y ++CONFIG_XXD=y ++CONFIG_HWCLOCK=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_HWCLOCK_ADJTIME_FHS is not set ++CONFIG_IONICE=y ++CONFIG_IPCRM=y ++CONFIG_IPCS=y ++CONFIG_LAST=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LAST_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_LOSETUP=y ++CONFIG_LSBLK=y ++CONFIG_LSPCI=y ++CONFIG_LSUSB=y ++CONFIG_MDEV=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_CONF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_RENAME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_RENAME_REGEXP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_EXEC=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_LOAD_FIRMWARE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_DAEMON=y ++CONFIG_MESG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MESG_ENABLE_ONLY_GROUP=y ++CONFIG_MKE2FS=y ++CONFIG_MKFS_EXT2=y ++CONFIG_MKFS_MINIX=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2=y ++# CONFIG_MKFS_REISER is not set ++CONFIG_MKDOSFS=y ++CONFIG_MKFS_VFAT=y ++CONFIG_MKSWAP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MKSWAP_UUID=y ++CONFIG_MORE=y ++CONFIG_MOUNT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FAKE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_VERBOSE=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_HELPERS is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LABEL=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_NFS is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_CIFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FLAGS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FSTAB=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_OTHERTAB=y ++CONFIG_MOUNTPOINT=y ++CONFIG_NOLOGIN=y ++# CONFIG_NOLOGIN_DEPENDENCIES is not set ++CONFIG_NSENTER=y ++CONFIG_PIVOT_ROOT=y ++CONFIG_RDATE=y ++CONFIG_RDEV=y ++CONFIG_READPROFILE=y ++CONFIG_RENICE=y ++CONFIG_REV=y ++CONFIG_RTCWAKE=y ++CONFIG_SCRIPT=y ++CONFIG_SCRIPTREPLAY=y ++CONFIG_SETARCH=y ++CONFIG_LINUX32=y ++CONFIG_LINUX64=y ++CONFIG_SETPRIV=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SETPRIV_DUMP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SETPRIV_CAPABILITIES=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SETPRIV_CAPABILITY_NAMES=y ++CONFIG_SETSID=y ++CONFIG_SWAPON=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SWAPON_DISCARD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SWAPON_PRI=y ++CONFIG_SWAPOFF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SWAPONOFF_LABEL=y ++CONFIG_SWITCH_ROOT=y ++CONFIG_TASKSET=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TASKSET_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TASKSET_CPULIST=y ++CONFIG_UEVENT=y ++CONFIG_UMOUNT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UMOUNT_ALL=y ++CONFIG_UNSHARE=y ++CONFIG_UUIDGEN=y ++CONFIG_WALL=y ++ ++# ++# Common options for mount/umount ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP_CREATE=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_MTAB_SUPPORT is not set ++CONFIG_VOLUMEID=y ++ ++# ++# Filesystem/Volume identification ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_BCACHE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_BTRFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_CRAMFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EROFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EXFAT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EXT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_F2FS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_FAT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_HFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ISO9660=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_JFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LINUXRAID=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LINUXSWAP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LUKS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_MINIX=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_NILFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_NTFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_OCFS2=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_REISERFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ROMFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_SQUASHFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_SYSV=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_UBIFS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_UDF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_XFS=y ++ ++# ++# Miscellaneous Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_ADJTIMEX=y ++CONFIG_ASCII=y ++# CONFIG_BBCONFIG is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_COMPRESS_BBCONFIG is not set ++CONFIG_BC=y ++CONFIG_DC=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_DC_BIG=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_DC_LIBM is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BC_INTERACTIVE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BC_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_BEEP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BEEP_FREQ=4000 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BEEP_LENGTH_MS=30 ++CONFIG_CHAT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_NOFAIL=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_TTY_HIFI is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_IMPLICIT_CR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_SWALLOW_OPTS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_SEND_ESCAPES=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_VAR_ABORT_LEN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_CLR_ABORT=y ++CONFIG_CONSPY=y ++CONFIG_CROND=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_D=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_CALL_SENDMAIL=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_SPECIAL_TIMES=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_DIR="/var/spool/cron" ++CONFIG_CRONTAB=y ++# CONFIG_DEVFSD is not set ++# CONFIG_DEVFSD_MODLOAD is not set ++# CONFIG_DEVFSD_FG_NP is not set ++# CONFIG_DEVFSD_VERBOSE is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_DEVFS is not set ++CONFIG_DEVMEM=y ++CONFIG_FBSPLASH=y ++# CONFIG_FLASH_ERASEALL is not set ++# CONFIG_FLASH_LOCK is not set ++# CONFIG_FLASH_UNLOCK is not set ++# CONFIG_FLASHCP is not set ++CONFIG_GETFATTR=y ++CONFIG_HDPARM=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_GET_IDENTITY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_SCAN_HWIF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_UNREGISTER_HWIF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_DRIVE_RESET=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_TRISTATE_HWIF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_GETSET_DMA=y ++CONFIG_HEXEDIT=y ++CONFIG_I2CGET=y ++CONFIG_I2CSET=y ++CONFIG_I2CDUMP=y ++CONFIG_I2CDETECT=y ++CONFIG_I2CTRANSFER=y ++# CONFIG_INOTIFYD is not set ++CONFIG_LESS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_MAXLINES=9999999 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_BRACKETS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_MARKS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_LINENUMS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_RAW=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_ENV=y ++CONFIG_LSSCSI=y ++CONFIG_MAKEDEVS=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_MAKEDEVS_LEAF is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MAKEDEVS_TABLE=y ++CONFIG_MAN=y ++CONFIG_MICROCOM=y ++CONFIG_MIM=y ++CONFIG_MT=y ++CONFIG_NANDWRITE=y ++CONFIG_NANDDUMP=y ++CONFIG_PARTPROBE=y ++CONFIG_RAIDAUTORUN=y ++CONFIG_READAHEAD=y ++# CONFIG_RFKILL is not set ++CONFIG_RUNLEVEL=y ++CONFIG_RX=y ++CONFIG_SEEDRNG=y ++CONFIG_SETFATTR=y ++CONFIG_SETSERIAL=y ++CONFIG_STRINGS=y ++CONFIG_TIME=y ++CONFIG_TREE=y ++CONFIG_TS=y ++CONFIG_TTYSIZE=y ++CONFIG_UBIATTACH=y ++CONFIG_UBIDETACH=y ++CONFIG_UBIMKVOL=y ++CONFIG_UBIRMVOL=y ++CONFIG_UBIRSVOL=y ++CONFIG_UBIUPDATEVOL=y ++CONFIG_UBIRENAME=y ++CONFIG_VOLNAME=y ++CONFIG_WATCHDOG=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_WATCHDOG_OPEN_TWICE is not set ++ ++# ++# Networking Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IPV6=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_UNIX_LOCAL is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_PREFER_IPV4_ADDRESS=y ++# CONFIG_VERBOSE_RESOLUTION_ERRORS is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_ETC_NETWORKS is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_ETC_SERVICES is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HWIB=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_TLS_SHA1 is not set ++CONFIG_ARP=y ++CONFIG_ARPING=y ++CONFIG_BRCTL=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BRCTL_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_BRCTL_SHOW=y ++CONFIG_DNSD=y ++CONFIG_ETHER_WAKE=y ++CONFIG_FTPD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPD_WRITE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPD_ACCEPT_BROKEN_LIST=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPD_AUTHENTICATION=y ++CONFIG_FTPGET=y ++CONFIG_FTPPUT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPGETPUT_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_HOSTNAME=y ++CONFIG_DNSDOMAINNAME=y ++CONFIG_HTTPD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_PORT_DEFAULT=80 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_SET_REMOTE_PORT_TO_ENV=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ERROR_PAGES=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_GZIP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ETAG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_LAST_MODIFIED=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_DATE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ACL_IP=y ++CONFIG_IFCONFIG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_STATUS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_SLIP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_MEMSTART_IOADDR_IRQ=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_HW=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_BROADCAST_PLUS=y ++CONFIG_IFENSLAVE=y ++CONFIG_IFPLUGD=y ++CONFIG_IFUP=y ++CONFIG_IFDOWN=y ++CONFIG_IFUPDOWN_IFSTATE_PATH="/var/run/ifstate" ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_IP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_IPV4=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_IPV6=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_MAPPING=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_EXTERNAL_DHCP is not set ++CONFIG_INETD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_ECHO=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_DISCARD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_TIME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_DAYTIME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_CHARGEN=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_RPC is not set ++CONFIG_IP=y ++CONFIG_IPADDR=y ++CONFIG_IPLINK=y ++CONFIG_IPROUTE=y ++CONFIG_IPTUNNEL=y ++CONFIG_IPRULE=y ++CONFIG_IPNEIGH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_ADDRESS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_LINK=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_LINK_CAN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_ROUTE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_ROUTE_DIR="/etc/iproute2" ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_TUNNEL=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_RULE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_NEIGH=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_RARE_PROTOCOLS is not set ++CONFIG_IPCALC=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IPCALC_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IPCALC_FANCY=y ++CONFIG_FAKEIDENTD=y ++CONFIG_NAMEIF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NAMEIF_EXTENDED=y ++CONFIG_NBDCLIENT=y ++CONFIG_NC=y ++# CONFIG_NETCAT is not set ++CONFIG_NC_SERVER=y ++CONFIG_NC_EXTRA=y ++CONFIG_NC_110_COMPAT=y ++CONFIG_NETSTAT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NETSTAT_WIDE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NETSTAT_PRG=y ++CONFIG_NSLOOKUP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NSLOOKUP_BIG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NSLOOKUP_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_NTPD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NTPD_SERVER=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NTPD_CONF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_NTP_AUTH=y ++CONFIG_PING=y ++CONFIG_PING6=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_PING=y ++CONFIG_PSCAN=y ++CONFIG_ROUTE=y ++CONFIG_SLATTACH=y ++CONFIG_SSL_CLIENT=y ++CONFIG_SSL_SERVER=y ++CONFIG_TC=n ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TC_INGRESS=y ++CONFIG_TCPSVD=y ++CONFIG_UDPSVD=y ++CONFIG_TELNET=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNET_TTYPE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNET_AUTOLOGIN=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNET_WIDTH=y ++CONFIG_TELNETD=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_SELFTEST_DEBUG is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_STANDALONE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_PORT_DEFAULT=23 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_INETD_WAIT=y ++CONFIG_TFTP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_PROGRESS_BAR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_HPA_COMPAT=y ++CONFIG_TFTPD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_GET=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_PUT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_BLOCKSIZE=y ++# CONFIG_TFTP_DEBUG is not set ++CONFIG_TLS=y ++CONFIG_TRACEROUTE=y ++CONFIG_TRACEROUTE6=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP=y ++CONFIG_TUNCTL=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TUNCTL_UG=y ++CONFIG_VCONFIG=y ++CONFIG_WGET=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_LONG_OPTIONS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_STATUSBAR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_FTP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_AUTHENTICATION=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_TIMEOUT=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_HTTPS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_OPENSSL=y ++CONFIG_WHOIS=y ++CONFIG_ZCIP=y ++CONFIG_UDHCPD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPD_BOOTP=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPD_BASE_IP_ON_MAC is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPD_WRITE_LEASES_EARLY=y ++CONFIG_DHCPD_LEASES_FILE="/var/lib/misc/udhcpd.leases" ++CONFIG_DUMPLEASES=y ++CONFIG_DHCPRELAY=y ++CONFIG_UDHCPC=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC_ARPING=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC_SANITIZEOPT=y ++CONFIG_UDHCPC_DEFAULT_SCRIPT="/usr/share/udhcpc/default.script" ++CONFIG_UDHCPC6_DEFAULT_SCRIPT="/usr/share/udhcpc/default6.script" ++CONFIG_UDHCPC6=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC3646=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC4704=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC4833=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC5970=y ++ ++# ++# Common options for DHCP applets ++# ++CONFIG_UDHCPC_DEFAULT_INTERFACE="eth0" ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_PORT is not set ++CONFIG_UDHCP_DEBUG=2 ++CONFIG_UDHCPC_SLACK_FOR_BUGGY_SERVERS=80 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_RFC3397=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_8021Q=y ++CONFIG_IFUPDOWN_UDHCPC_CMD_OPTIONS="-R -n" ++ ++# ++# Print Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_LPD=y ++CONFIG_LPR=y ++CONFIG_LPQ=y ++ ++# ++# Mail Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_MIME_CHARSET="us-ascii" ++CONFIG_MAKEMIME=y ++CONFIG_POPMAILDIR=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_POPMAILDIR_DELIVERY=y ++CONFIG_REFORMIME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_REFORMIME_COMPAT=y ++CONFIG_SENDMAIL=y ++ ++# ++# Process Utilities ++# ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_FAST_TOP is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SHOW_THREADS=y ++CONFIG_FREE=y ++CONFIG_FUSER=y ++CONFIG_IOSTAT=y ++CONFIG_KILL=y ++CONFIG_KILLALL=y ++CONFIG_KILLALL5=y ++CONFIG_LSOF=y ++CONFIG_MPSTAT=y ++CONFIG_NMETER=y ++CONFIG_PGREP=y ++CONFIG_PKILL=y ++CONFIG_PIDOF=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_PIDOF_SINGLE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_PIDOF_OMIT=y ++CONFIG_PMAP=y ++CONFIG_POWERTOP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_POWERTOP_INTERACTIVE=y ++CONFIG_PS=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_WIDE is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_LONG is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_TIME=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_UNUSUAL_SYSTEMS is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS=y ++CONFIG_PSTREE=y ++CONFIG_PWDX=y ++CONFIG_SMEMCAP=y ++CONFIG_BB_SYSCTL=y ++CONFIG_TOP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_INTERACTIVE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_CPU_USAGE_PERCENTAGE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_CPU_GLOBAL_PERCENTS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_SMP_CPU=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_DECIMALS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_SMP_PROCESS=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_TOPMEM=y ++CONFIG_UPTIME=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_UPTIME_UTMP_SUPPORT=y ++CONFIG_VMSTAT=y ++CONFIG_WATCH=y ++ ++# ++# Runit Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_CHPST=y ++CONFIG_SETUIDGID=y ++CONFIG_ENVUIDGID=y ++CONFIG_ENVDIR=y ++CONFIG_SOFTLIMIT=y ++CONFIG_RUNSV=y ++CONFIG_RUNSVDIR=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_RUNSVDIR_LOG is not set ++CONFIG_SV=y ++CONFIG_SV_DEFAULT_SERVICE_DIR="/var/service" ++CONFIG_SVC=y ++CONFIG_SVOK=y ++CONFIG_SVLOGD=y ++# CONFIG_CHCON is not set ++# CONFIG_GETENFORCE is not set ++# CONFIG_GETSEBOOL is not set ++# CONFIG_LOAD_POLICY is not set ++# CONFIG_MATCHPATHCON is not set ++# CONFIG_RUNCON is not set ++# CONFIG_SELINUXENABLED is not set ++# CONFIG_SESTATUS is not set ++# CONFIG_SETENFORCE is not set ++# CONFIG_SETFILES is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETFILES_CHECK_OPTION is not set ++# CONFIG_RESTORECON is not set ++# CONFIG_SETSEBOOL is not set ++ ++# ++# Shells ++# ++CONFIG_SH_IS_ASH=y ++# CONFIG_SH_IS_HUSH is not set ++# CONFIG_SH_IS_NONE is not set ++# CONFIG_BASH_IS_ASH is not set ++# CONFIG_BASH_IS_HUSH is not set ++CONFIG_BASH_IS_NONE=y ++CONFIG_SHELL_ASH=y ++CONFIG_ASH=y ++CONFIG_ASH_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=y ++CONFIG_ASH_INTERNAL_GLOB=y ++CONFIG_ASH_BASH_COMPAT=y ++# CONFIG_ASH_BASH_SOURCE_CURDIR is not set ++CONFIG_ASH_BASH_NOT_FOUND_HOOK=y ++CONFIG_ASH_JOB_CONTROL=y ++CONFIG_ASH_ALIAS=y ++CONFIG_ASH_RANDOM_SUPPORT=y ++CONFIG_ASH_EXPAND_PRMT=y ++CONFIG_ASH_IDLE_TIMEOUT=y ++CONFIG_ASH_MAIL=y ++CONFIG_ASH_ECHO=y ++CONFIG_ASH_PRINTF=y ++CONFIG_ASH_TEST=y ++CONFIG_ASH_HELP=y ++CONFIG_ASH_GETOPTS=y ++CONFIG_ASH_CMDCMD=y ++CONFIG_CTTYHACK=y ++CONFIG_HUSH=y ++CONFIG_SHELL_HUSH=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_NEED_FOR_SPEED=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_BASH_COMPAT=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_BRACE_EXPANSION=y ++# CONFIG_HUSH_BASH_SOURCE_CURDIR is not set ++CONFIG_HUSH_LINENO_VAR=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_INTERACTIVE=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_SAVEHISTORY=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_JOB=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_TICK=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_IF=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_LOOPS=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_CASE=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_ALIAS=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_FUNCTIONS=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_FUNCTION_KEYWORD=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_LOCAL=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_RANDOM_SUPPORT=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_MODE_X=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_ECHO=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_PRINTF=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_TEST=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_HELP=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_EXPORT=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_EXPORT_N=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_READONLY=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_KILL=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_WAIT=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_COMMAND=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_TRAP=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_TYPE=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_TIMES=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_READ=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_SET=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_UNSET=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_ULIMIT=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_UMASK=y ++CONFIG_HUSH_GETOPTS=y ++# CONFIG_HUSH_MEMLEAK is not set ++ ++# ++# Options common to all shells ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH_64=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH_BASE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_EXTRA_QUIET=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE is not set ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_NOFORK is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_READ_FRAC=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_HISTFILESIZE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_EMBEDDED_SCRIPTS=y ++ ++# ++# System Logging Utilities ++# ++CONFIG_KLOGD=y ++ ++# ++# klogd should not be used together with syslog to kernel printk buffer ++# ++CONFIG_FEATURE_KLOGD_KLOGCTL=y ++CONFIG_LOGGER=y ++CONFIG_LOGREAD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_LOGREAD_REDUCED_LOCKING=y ++CONFIG_SYSLOGD=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_ROTATE_LOGFILE=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_REMOTE_LOG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_DUP=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_CFG=y ++# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS is not set ++CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_READ_BUFFER_SIZE=256 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IPC_SYSLOG=y ++CONFIG_FEATURE_IPC_SYSLOG_BUFFER_SIZE=16 ++CONFIG_FEATURE_KMSG_SYSLOG=y +diff --color -ruN busybox-1.38.0/docs/BusyBox.html modified-busybox/docs/BusyBox.html +--- busybox-1.38.0/docs/BusyBox.html 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 ++++ modified-busybox/docs/BusyBox.html 2026-06-04 00:42:45.412832878 +0200 +@@ -0,0 +1,4903 @@ ++<?xml version="1.0" ?> ++<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> ++<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> ++<head> ++<title>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</title> ++<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> ++<link rev="made" href="mailto:" /> ++</head> ++ ++<body> ++ ++ ++ ++<h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1> ++ ++<p>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</p> ++ ++<h1 id="SYNTAX">SYNTAX</h1> ++ ++<pre><code>busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or ++ ++<applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked</code></pre> ++ ++<h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1> ++ ++<p>BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts.</p> ++ ++<p>BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.</p> ++ ++<p>BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.</p> ++ ++<p>After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.</p> ++ ++<h1 id="USAGE">USAGE</h1> ++ ++<p>BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common operations.</p> ++ ++<p>You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering</p> ++ ++<pre><code>/bin/busybox ls</code></pre> ++ ++<p>will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.</p> ++ ++<p>Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.</p> ++ ++<p>For example, entering</p> ++ ++<pre><code>ln -s /bin/busybox ls ++./ls</code></pre> ++ ++<p>will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run the 'make install' command.</p> ++ ++<p>If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.</p> ++ ++<h1 id="COMMON-OPTIONS">COMMON OPTIONS</h1> ++ ++<p>Most BusyBox applets support the <b>--help</b> argument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.</p> ++ ++<h1 id="COMMANDS">COMMANDS</h1> ++ ++<p>Currently available applets include:</p> ++ ++<p><code>[</code>, <code>[[</code>, <a href="#acpid"><code>acpid</code></a>, <a href="#add-shell"><code>add-shell</code></a>, <a href="#addgroup"><code>addgroup</code></a>, <a href="#adduser"><code>adduser</code></a>, <a href="#adjtimex"><code>adjtimex</code></a>, <a href="#arch"><code>arch</code></a>, <a href="#arp"><code>arp</code></a>, <a href="#arping"><code>arping</code></a>, <code>ascii</code>, <a href="#ash"><code>ash</code></a>, <a href="#awk"><code>awk</code></a>, <a href="#base32"><code>base32</code></a>, <a href="#base64"><code>base64</code></a>, <a href="#basename"><code>basename</code></a>, <a href="#bc"><code>bc</code></a>, <a href="#beep"><code>beep</code></a>, <a href="#blkdiscard"><code>blkdiscard</code></a>, <a href="#blkid"><code>blkid</code></a>, <a href="#blockdev"><code>blockdev</code></a>, <a href="#bootchartd"><code>bootchartd</code></a>, <a href="#brctl"><code>brctl</code></a>, <a href="#bunzip2"><code>bunzip2</code></a>, <a href="#bzcat"><code>bzcat</code></a>, <a href="#bzip2"><code>bzip2</code></a>, <a href="#cal"><code>cal</code></a>, <a href="#cat"><code>cat</code></a>, <a href="#chat"><code>chat</code></a>, <a href="#chattr"><code>chattr</code></a>, <a href="#chgrp"><code>chgrp</code></a>, <a href="#chmod"><code>chmod</code></a>, <a href="#chown"><code>chown</code></a>, <a href="#chpasswd"><code>chpasswd</code></a>, <a href="#chpst"><code>chpst</code></a>, <a href="#chroot"><code>chroot</code></a>, <a href="#chrt"><code>chrt</code></a>, <a href="#chvt"><code>chvt</code></a>, <a href="#cksum"><code>cksum</code></a>, <a href="#clear"><code>clear</code></a>, <a href="#cmp"><code>cmp</code></a>, <a href="#comm"><code>comm</code></a>, <a href="#conspy"><code>conspy</code></a>, <a href="#cp"><code>cp</code></a>, <a href="#cpio"><code>cpio</code></a>, <a href="#crc32"><code>crc32</code></a>, <a href="#crond"><code>crond</code></a>, <a href="#crontab"><code>crontab</code></a>, <a href="#cryptpw"><code>cryptpw</code></a>, <a href="#cttyhack"><code>cttyhack</code></a>, <a href="#cut"><code>cut</code></a>, <a href="#date"><code>date</code></a>, <a href="#dc"><code>dc</code></a>, <a href="#dd"><code>dd</code></a>, <a href="#deallocvt"><code>deallocvt</code></a>, <a href="#delgroup"><code>delgroup</code></a>, <a href="#deluser"><code>deluser</code></a>, <a href="#depmod"><code>depmod</code></a>, <a href="#devmem"><code>devmem</code></a>, <a href="#df"><code>df</code></a>, <a href="#dhcprelay"><code>dhcprelay</code></a>, <a href="#diff"><code>diff</code></a>, <a href="#dirname"><code>dirname</code></a>, <a href="#dmesg"><code>dmesg</code></a>, <a href="#dnsd"><code>dnsd</code></a>, <code>dnsdomainname</code>, <a href="#dos2unix"><code>dos2unix</code></a>, <a href="#dpkg"><code>dpkg</code></a>, <a href="#dpkg-deb"><code>dpkg-deb</code></a>, <a href="#du"><code>du</code></a>, <a href="#dumpkmap"><code>dumpkmap</code></a>, <a href="#dumpleases"><code>dumpleases</code></a>, <a href="#echo"><code>echo</code></a>, <a href="#ed"><code>ed</code></a>, <code>egrep</code>, <a href="#eject"><code>eject</code></a>, <a href="#env"><code>env</code></a>, <a href="#envdir"><code>envdir</code></a>, <a href="#envuidgid"><code>envuidgid</code></a>, <a href="#ether-wake"><code>ether-wake</code></a>, <a href="#expand"><code>expand</code></a>, <a href="#expr"><code>expr</code></a>, <a href="#factor"><code>factor</code></a>, <a href="#fakeidentd"><code>fakeidentd</code></a>, <a href="#fallocate"><code>fallocate</code></a>, <code>false</code>, <a href="#fatattr"><code>fatattr</code></a>, <a href="#fbset"><code>fbset</code></a>, <a href="#fbsplash"><code>fbsplash</code></a>, <a href="#fdflush"><code>fdflush</code></a>, <a href="#fdformat"><code>fdformat</code></a>, <a href="#fdisk"><code>fdisk</code></a>, <a href="#fgconsole"><code>fgconsole</code></a>, <code>fgrep</code>, <a href="#find"><code>find</code></a>, <a href="#findfs"><code>findfs</code></a>, <a href="#flock"><code>flock</code></a>, <a href="#fold"><code>fold</code></a>, <a href="#free"><code>free</code></a>, <a href="#freeramdisk"><code>freeramdisk</code></a>, <a href="#fsck"><code>fsck</code></a>, <a href="#fsck.minix"><code>fsck.minix</code></a>, <a href="#fsfreeze"><code>fsfreeze</code></a>, <a href="#fstrim"><code>fstrim</code></a>, <a href="#fsync"><code>fsync</code></a>, <a href="#ftpd"><code>ftpd</code></a>, <a href="#ftpget"><code>ftpget</code></a>, <a href="#ftpput"><code>ftpput</code></a>, <a href="#fuser"><code>fuser</code></a>, <a href="#getfattr"><code>getfattr</code></a>, <a href="#getopt"><code>getopt</code></a>, <a href="#getty"><code>getty</code></a>, <a href="#grep"><code>grep</code></a>, <a href="#groups"><code>groups</code></a>, <a href="#gunzip"><code>gunzip</code></a>, <a href="#gzip"><code>gzip</code></a>, <a href="#halt"><code>halt</code></a>, <a href="#hd"><code>hd</code></a>, <a href="#hdparm"><code>hdparm</code></a>, <a href="#head"><code>head</code></a>, <a href="#hexdump"><code>hexdump</code></a>, <a href="#hexedit"><code>hexedit</code></a>, <a href="#hostid"><code>hostid</code></a>, <a href="#hostname"><code>hostname</code></a>, <a href="#httpd"><code>httpd</code></a>, <a href="#hush"><code>hush</code></a>, <a href="#hwclock"><code>hwclock</code></a>, <a href="#i2cdetect"><code>i2cdetect</code></a>, <a href="#i2cdump"><code>i2cdump</code></a>, <a href="#i2cget"><code>i2cget</code></a>, <a href="#i2cset"><code>i2cset</code></a>, <a href="#i2ctransfer"><code>i2ctransfer</code></a>, <a href="#id"><code>id</code></a>, <a href="#ifconfig"><code>ifconfig</code></a>, <a href="#ifdown"><code>ifdown</code></a>, <a href="#ifenslave"><code>ifenslave</code></a>, <a href="#ifplugd"><code>ifplugd</code></a>, <a href="#ifup"><code>ifup</code></a>, <a href="#inetd"><code>inetd</code></a>, <a href="#init"><code>init</code></a>, <a href="#insmod"><code>insmod</code></a>, <a href="#install"><code>install</code></a>, <a href="#ionice"><code>ionice</code></a>, <a href="#iostat"><code>iostat</code></a>, <a href="#ip"><code>ip</code></a>, <a href="#ipaddr"><code>ipaddr</code></a>, <a href="#ipcalc"><code>ipcalc</code></a>, <a href="#ipcrm"><code>ipcrm</code></a>, <a href="#ipcs"><code>ipcs</code></a>, <a href="#iplink"><code>iplink</code></a>, <a href="#ipneigh"><code>ipneigh</code></a>, <a href="#iproute"><code>iproute</code></a>, <a href="#iprule"><code>iprule</code></a>, <a href="#iptunnel"><code>iptunnel</code></a>, <a href="#kbd_mode"><code>kbd_mode</code></a>, <a href="#kill"><code>kill</code></a>, <a href="#killall"><code>killall</code></a>, <a href="#killall5"><code>killall5</code></a>, <a href="#klogd"><code>klogd</code></a>, <a href="#last"><code>last</code></a>, <a href="#less"><code>less</code></a>, <a href="#link"><code>link</code></a>, <code>linux32</code>, <code>linux64</code>, <code>linuxrc</code>, <a href="#ln"><code>ln</code></a>, <a href="#loadfont"><code>loadfont</code></a>, <a href="#loadkmap"><code>loadkmap</code></a>, <a href="#logger"><code>logger</code></a>, <a href="#login"><code>login</code></a>, <a href="#logname"><code>logname</code></a>, <a href="#logread"><code>logread</code></a>, <a href="#losetup"><code>losetup</code></a>, <a href="#lpd"><code>lpd</code></a>, <a href="#lpq"><code>lpq</code></a>, <a href="#lpr"><code>lpr</code></a>, <a href="#ls"><code>ls</code></a>, <a href="#lsattr"><code>lsattr</code></a>, <a href="#lsblk"><code>lsblk</code></a>, <a href="#lsmod"><code>lsmod</code></a>, <a href="#lsof"><code>lsof</code></a>, <a href="#lspci"><code>lspci</code></a>, <code>lsscsi</code>, <code>lsusb</code>, <a href="#lzcat"><code>lzcat</code></a>, <a href="#lzma"><code>lzma</code></a>, <a href="#lzop"><code>lzop</code></a>, <a href="#makedevs"><code>makedevs</code></a>, <a href="#makemime"><code>makemime</code></a>, <a href="#man"><code>man</code></a>, <a href="#md5sum"><code>md5sum</code></a>, <a href="#mdev"><code>mdev</code></a>, <a href="#mesg"><code>mesg</code></a>, <a href="#microcom"><code>microcom</code></a>, <a href="#mim"><code>mim</code></a>, <a href="#mkdir"><code>mkdir</code></a>, <a href="#mkdosfs"><code>mkdosfs</code></a>, <a href="#mke2fs"><code>mke2fs</code></a>, <a href="#mkfifo"><code>mkfifo</code></a>, <a href="#mkfs.ext2"><code>mkfs.ext2</code></a>, <a href="#mkfs.minix"><code>mkfs.minix</code></a>, <a href="#mkfs.vfat"><code>mkfs.vfat</code></a>, <a href="#mknod"><code>mknod</code></a>, <a href="#mkpasswd"><code>mkpasswd</code></a>, <a href="#mkswap"><code>mkswap</code></a>, <a href="#mktemp"><code>mktemp</code></a>, <a href="#modinfo"><code>modinfo</code></a>, <a href="#modprobe"><code>modprobe</code></a>, <a href="#more"><code>more</code></a>, <a href="#mount"><code>mount</code></a>, <a href="#mountpoint"><code>mountpoint</code></a>, <a href="#mpstat"><code>mpstat</code></a>, <a href="#mt"><code>mt</code></a>, <a href="#mv"><code>mv</code></a>, <a href="#nameif"><code>nameif</code></a>, <a href="#nanddump"><code>nanddump</code></a>, <a href="#nandwrite"><code>nandwrite</code></a>, <a href="#nbd-client"><code>nbd-client</code></a>, <a href="#nc"><code>nc</code></a>, <a href="#netstat"><code>netstat</code></a>, <a href="#nice"><code>nice</code></a>, <a href="#nl"><code>nl</code></a>, <a href="#nmeter"><code>nmeter</code></a>, <a href="#nohup"><code>nohup</code></a>, <a href="#nologin"><code>nologin</code></a>, <a href="#nproc"><code>nproc</code></a>, <a href="#nsenter"><code>nsenter</code></a>, <a href="#nslookup"><code>nslookup</code></a>, <a href="#ntpd"><code>ntpd</code></a>, <a href="#od"><code>od</code></a>, <a href="#openvt"><code>openvt</code></a>, <a href="#partprobe"><code>partprobe</code></a>, <a href="#passwd"><code>passwd</code></a>, <a href="#paste"><code>paste</code></a>, <a href="#patch"><code>patch</code></a>, <a href="#pgrep"><code>pgrep</code></a>, <a href="#pidof"><code>pidof</code></a>, <a href="#ping"><code>ping</code></a>, <a href="#ping6"><code>ping6</code></a>, <code>pipe_progress</code>, <a href="#pivot_root"><code>pivot_root</code></a>, <a href="#pkill"><code>pkill</code></a>, <a href="#pmap"><code>pmap</code></a>, <a href="#popmaildir"><code>popmaildir</code></a>, <a href="#poweroff"><code>poweroff</code></a>, <a href="#powertop"><code>powertop</code></a>, <a href="#printenv"><code>printenv</code></a>, <a href="#printf"><code>printf</code></a>, <a href="#ps"><code>ps</code></a>, <a href="#pscan"><code>pscan</code></a>, <a href="#pstree"><code>pstree</code></a>, <a href="#pwd"><code>pwd</code></a>, <a href="#pwdx"><code>pwdx</code></a>, <a href="#raidautorun"><code>raidautorun</code></a>, <a href="#rdate"><code>rdate</code></a>, <a href="#rdev"><code>rdev</code></a>, <a href="#readahead"><code>readahead</code></a>, <a href="#readlink"><code>readlink</code></a>, <a href="#readprofile"><code>readprofile</code></a>, <a href="#realpath"><code>realpath</code></a>, <a href="#reboot"><code>reboot</code></a>, <a href="#reformime"><code>reformime</code></a>, <a href="#remove-shell"><code>remove-shell</code></a>, <a href="#renice"><code>renice</code></a>, <a href="#reset"><code>reset</code></a>, <a href="#resize"><code>resize</code></a>, <a href="#resume"><code>resume</code></a>, <a href="#rev"><code>rev</code></a>, <a href="#rm"><code>rm</code></a>, <a href="#rmdir"><code>rmdir</code></a>, <a href="#rmmod"><code>rmmod</code></a>, <a href="#route"><code>route</code></a>, <a href="#rpm"><code>rpm</code></a>, <a href="#rpm2cpio"><code>rpm2cpio</code></a>, <a href="#rtcwake"><code>rtcwake</code></a>, <a href="#run-init"><code>run-init</code></a>, <a href="#run-parts"><code>run-parts</code></a>, <a href="#runlevel"><code>runlevel</code></a>, <a href="#runsv"><code>runsv</code></a>, <a href="#runsvdir"><code>runsvdir</code></a>, <a href="#rx"><code>rx</code></a>, <a href="#script"><code>script</code></a>, <a href="#scriptreplay"><code>scriptreplay</code></a>, <a href="#sed"><code>sed</code></a>, <a href="#seedrng"><code>seedrng</code></a>, <a href="#sendmail"><code>sendmail</code></a>, <a href="#seq"><code>seq</code></a>, <a href="#setarch"><code>setarch</code></a>, <a href="#setconsole"><code>setconsole</code></a>, <a href="#setfattr"><code>setfattr</code></a>, <a href="#setfont"><code>setfont</code></a>, <a href="#setkeycodes"><code>setkeycodes</code></a>, <a href="#setlogcons"><code>setlogcons</code></a>, <a href="#setpriv"><code>setpriv</code></a>, <a href="#setserial"><code>setserial</code></a>, <a href="#setsid"><code>setsid</code></a>, <a href="#setuidgid"><code>setuidgid</code></a>, <a href="#sh"><code>sh</code></a>, <a href="#sha1sum"><code>sha1sum</code></a>, <a href="#sha256sum"><code>sha256sum</code></a>, <a href="#sha384sum"><code>sha384sum</code></a>, <a href="#sha3sum"><code>sha3sum</code></a>, <a href="#sha512sum"><code>sha512sum</code></a>, <a href="#showkey"><code>showkey</code></a>, <a href="#shred"><code>shred</code></a>, <a href="#shuf"><code>shuf</code></a>, <a href="#slattach"><code>slattach</code></a>, <a href="#sleep"><code>sleep</code></a>, <a href="#smemcap"><code>smemcap</code></a>, <a href="#softlimit"><code>softlimit</code></a>, <a href="#sort"><code>sort</code></a>, <a href="#split"><code>split</code></a>, <a href="#ssl_client"><code>ssl_client</code></a>, <a href="#ssl_server"><code>ssl_server</code></a>, <a href="#start-stop-daemon"><code>start-stop-daemon</code></a>, <a href="#stat"><code>stat</code></a>, <a href="#strings"><code>strings</code></a>, <a href="#stty"><code>stty</code></a>, <a href="#su"><code>su</code></a>, <a href="#sulogin"><code>sulogin</code></a>, <a href="#sum"><code>sum</code></a>, <a href="#sv"><code>sv</code></a>, <a href="#svc"><code>svc</code></a>, <a href="#svlogd"><code>svlogd</code></a>, <a href="#svok"><code>svok</code></a>, <a href="#swapoff"><code>swapoff</code></a>, <a href="#swapon"><code>swapon</code></a>, <a href="#switch_root"><code>switch_root</code></a>, <a href="#sync"><code>sync</code></a>, <a href="#sysctl"><code>sysctl</code></a>, <a href="#syslogd"><code>syslogd</code></a>, <a href="#tac"><code>tac</code></a>, <a href="#tail"><code>tail</code></a>, <a href="#tar"><code>tar</code></a>, <a href="#taskset"><code>taskset</code></a>, <a href="#tc"><code>tc</code></a>, <a href="#tcpsvd"><code>tcpsvd</code></a>, <a href="#tee"><code>tee</code></a>, <a href="#telnet"><code>telnet</code></a>, <a href="#telnetd"><code>telnetd</code></a>, <code>test</code>, <a href="#tftp"><code>tftp</code></a>, <a href="#tftpd"><code>tftpd</code></a>, <a href="#time"><code>time</code></a>, <a href="#timeout"><code>timeout</code></a>, <a href="#top"><code>top</code></a>, <a href="#touch"><code>touch</code></a>, <a href="#tr"><code>tr</code></a>, <a href="#traceroute"><code>traceroute</code></a>, <a href="#traceroute6"><code>traceroute6</code></a>, <code>tree</code>, <code>true</code>, <a href="#truncate"><code>truncate</code></a>, <a href="#ts"><code>ts</code></a>, <a href="#tsort"><code>tsort</code></a>, <a href="#tty"><code>tty</code></a>, <a href="#ttysize"><code>ttysize</code></a>, <a href="#tunctl"><code>tunctl</code></a>, <a href="#ubiattach"><code>ubiattach</code></a>, <a href="#ubidetach"><code>ubidetach</code></a>, <a href="#ubimkvol"><code>ubimkvol</code></a>, <a href="#ubirename"><code>ubirename</code></a>, <a href="#ubirmvol"><code>ubirmvol</code></a>, <a href="#ubirsvol"><code>ubirsvol</code></a>, <a href="#ubiupdatevol"><code>ubiupdatevol</code></a>, <a href="#udhcpc"><code>udhcpc</code></a>, <a href="#udhcpc6"><code>udhcpc6</code></a>, <a href="#udhcpd"><code>udhcpd</code></a>, <a href="#udpsvd"><code>udpsvd</code></a>, <a href="#uevent"><code>uevent</code></a>, <a href="#umount"><code>umount</code></a>, <a href="#uname"><code>uname</code></a>, <a href="#unexpand"><code>unexpand</code></a>, <a href="#uniq"><code>uniq</code></a>, <a href="#unix2dos"><code>unix2dos</code></a>, <a href="#unlink"><code>unlink</code></a>, <a href="#unlzma"><code>unlzma</code></a>, <a href="#unshare"><code>unshare</code></a>, <a href="#unxz"><code>unxz</code></a>, <a href="#unzip"><code>unzip</code></a>, <a href="#uptime"><code>uptime</code></a>, <a href="#users"><code>users</code></a>, <a href="#usleep"><code>usleep</code></a>, <a href="#uudecode"><code>uudecode</code></a>, <a href="#uuencode"><code>uuencode</code></a>, <a href="#uuidgen"><code>uuidgen</code></a>, <a href="#vconfig"><code>vconfig</code></a>, <a href="#vi"><code>vi</code></a>, <a href="#vlock"><code>vlock</code></a>, <a href="#vmstat"><code>vmstat</code></a>, <a href="#volname"><code>volname</code></a>, <a href="#w"><code>w</code></a>, <a href="#wall"><code>wall</code></a>, <a href="#watch"><code>watch</code></a>, <a href="#watchdog"><code>watchdog</code></a>, <a href="#wc"><code>wc</code></a>, <a href="#wget"><code>wget</code></a>, <a href="#which"><code>which</code></a>, <a href="#who"><code>who</code></a>, <a href="#whoami"><code>whoami</code></a>, <a href="#whois"><code>whois</code></a>, <a href="#xargs"><code>xargs</code></a>, <a href="#xxd"><code>xxd</code></a>, <a href="#xz"><code>xz</code></a>, <a href="#xzcat"><code>xzcat</code></a>, <a href="#yes"><code>yes</code></a>, <a href="#zcat"><code>zcat</code></a>, <a href="#zcip"><code>zcip</code></a></p> ++ ++<h1 id="COMMAND-DESCRIPTIONS">COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS</h1> ++ ++<h2 id="acpid">acpid</h2> ++ ++<p>acpid [-df] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-a ACTIONFILE] [-M MAPFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [-p PIDFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Log to stderr, not log file (implies -f) ++-f Run in foreground ++-c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] ++-e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] ++-l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log] ++-p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid] ++-a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf] ++-M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map]</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v</p> ++ ++<h2 id="add-shell">add-shell</h2> ++ ++<p>add-shell SHELL...</p> ++ ++<p>Add SHELLs to /etc/shells</p> ++ ++<h2 id="addgroup">addgroup</h2> ++ ++<p>addgroup [-g GID] [-S] [USER] GROUP</p> ++ ++<p>Add a group or add a user to a group</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-g GID Group id ++-S Create a system group</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="adduser">adduser</h2> ++ ++<p>adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP]</p> ++ ++<p>Create new user, or add USER to GROUP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h DIR Home directory ++-g GECOS GECOS field ++-s SHELL Login shell ++-G GRP Group ++-S Create a system user ++-D Don't assign a password ++-H Don't create home directory ++-u UID User id ++-k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="adjtimex">adjtimex</h2> ++ ++<p>adjtimex [-q] [-o OFS] [-f FREQ] [-p TCONST] [-t TICK]</p> ++ ++<p>Read or set kernel time variables. See adjtimex(2)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-q Quiet ++-o OFF Time offset, microseconds ++-f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) ++-t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 ++ (positive -t or -f values make clock run faster) ++-p TCONST</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="arch">arch</h2> ++ ++<p>arch</p> ++ ++<p>Print system architecture</p> ++ ++<h2 id="arp">arp</h2> ++ ++<p>arp [-vn] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -a [HOSTNAME] [-v] [-i IF] -d HOSTNAME [pub] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [temp] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask MASK] pub [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask MASK] pub</p> ++ ++<p>Manipulate ARP cache</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Display (all) hosts ++-d Delete ARP entry ++-s Set new entry ++-v Verbose ++-n Don't resolve names ++-i IF Network interface ++-D Read HWADDR from IFACE ++-A,-p AF Protocol family ++-H HWTYPE Hardware address type</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="arping">arping</h2> ++ ++<p>arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP] DST_IP</p> ++ ++<p>Send ARP requests/replies</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Quit on first ARP reply ++-q Quiet ++-b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast ++-D Exit with 1 if DST_IP replies ++-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors ++-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors ++-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests ++-w TIMEOUT Seconds to wait for ARP reply ++-I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++-s SRC_IP Sender IP address ++DST_IP Target IP address</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ash">ash</h2> ++ ++<p>ash [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Unix shell interpreter</p> ++ ++<h2 id="awk">awk</h2> ++ ++<p>awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v VAR=VAL Set variable ++-F SEP Use SEP as field separator ++-f/-E FILE Read program from FILE ++-e AWK_PROGRAM</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="base32">base32</h2> ++ ++<p>base32 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Base32 encode or decode FILE to standard output</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decode data ++-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="base64">base64</h2> ++ ++<p>base64 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decode data ++-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="basename">basename</h2> ++ ++<p>basename FILE [SUFFIX] | -a FILE... | -s SUFFIX FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Strip directory path and SUFFIX from FILE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a All arguments are FILEs ++-s SUFFIX Remove SUFFIX (implies -a)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="bc">bc</h2> ++ ++<p>bc [-sqlw] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Arbitrary precision calculator</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-q Quiet ++-l Load standard library ++-s Be POSIX compatible ++-w Warn if extensions are used</code></pre> ++ ++<p>$BC_LINE_LENGTH changes output width</p> ++ ++<h2 id="beep">beep</h2> ++ ++<p>beep -f FREQ -l LEN -d DELAY -r COUNT -n</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Frequency in Hz ++-l Length in ms ++-d Delay in ms ++-r Repetitions ++-n Start new tone</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="blkdiscard">blkdiscard</h2> ++ ++<p>blkdiscard [-o OFS] [-l LEN] [-s] DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Discard sectors on DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o OFS Byte offset into device ++-l LEN Number of bytes to discard ++-s Perform a secure discard</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="blkid">blkid</h2> ++ ++<p>blkid [BLOCKDEV]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print UUIDs of all filesystems</p> ++ ++<h2 id="blockdev">blockdev</h2> ++ ++<p>blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<pre><code>--setro Set ro ++--setrw Set rw ++--getro Get ro ++--getss Get sector size ++--getbsz Get block size ++--setbsz BYTES Set block size ++--getsz Get device size in 512-byte sectors ++--getsize64 Get device size in bytes ++--getra Get readahead in 512-byte sectors ++--setra SECTORS Set readahead ++--flushbufs Flush buffers ++--rereadpt Reread partition table</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="bootchartd">bootchartd</h2> ++ ++<p>bootchartd start [PROG ARGS]|stop|init</p> ++ ++<p>Create /var/log/bootchart.tgz with boot chart data</p> ++ ++<p>start: start background logging; with PROG, run PROG, then kill logging with USR1 stop: send USR1 to all bootchartd processes init: start background logging; stop when getty/xdm is seen (for init scripts) Under PID 1: as init, then exec $bootchart_init, /init, /sbin/init</p> ++ ++<h2 id="brctl">brctl</h2> ++ ++<p>brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [ARGS]]</p> ++ ++<p>Manage ethernet bridges Commands:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>show [BRIDGE]... Show bridges ++addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE ++delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE ++addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE ++delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE ++showmacs BRIDGE List MAC addresses ++showstp BRIDGE Show STP info ++stp BRIDGE 1/yes/on|0/no/off Set STP on/off ++setageing BRIDGE SECONDS Set ageing time ++setfd BRIDGE SECONDS Set bridge forward delay ++sethello BRIDGE SECONDS Set hello time ++setmaxage BRIDGE SECONDS Set max message age ++setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority ++setportprio BRIDGE IFACE PRIO Set port priority ++setpathcost BRIDGE IFACE COST Set path cost</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="bunzip2">bunzip2</h2> ++ ++<p>bunzip2 [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="bzcat">bzcat</h2> ++ ++<p>bzcat [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="bzip2">bzip2</h2> ++ ++<p>bzip2 [-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-1..9 Compression level ++-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cal">cal</h2> ++ ++<p>cal [-jmy] [[MONTH] YEAR]</p> ++ ++<p>Display a calendar</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-j Use julian dates ++-m Week starts on Monday ++-y Display the entire year</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cat">cat</h2> ++ ++<p>cat [-nbvteA] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print FILEs to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Number output lines ++-b Number nonempty lines ++-v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x ++-t ...and tabs as ^I ++-e ...and end lines with $ ++-A Same as -vte</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chat">chat</h2> ++ ++<p>chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND]]...]</p> ++ ++<p>Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A script consists of "expect-send" argument pairs. Example:</p> ++ ++<p>chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="chattr">chattr</h2> ++ ++<p>chattr [-R] [-v VERSION] [-p PROJID] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Change ext2 file attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -R Recurse ++ -v NUM Set version/generation number ++ -p NUM Set project number ++Modifiers: ++ ++ -,+,= Remove/add/set attributes ++Attributes: ++ ++ A No atime ++ a Append only ++ C No copy-on-write ++ c Compressed ++ D Synchronous dir updates ++ d Don't backup with dump ++ E Encrypted ++ e File uses extents ++ F Case-insensitive dir ++ I Indexed dir ++ i Immutable ++ j Write data to journal first ++ N File is stored in inode ++ P Hierarchical project ID dir ++ S Synchronous file updates ++ s Zero storage when deleted ++ T Top of dir hierarchy ++ t Don't tail-merge with other files ++ u Allow undelete ++ V Verity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chgrp">chgrp</h2> ++ ++<p>chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Change the group membership of FILEs to GROUP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++-L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++-H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++-P Don't traverse symlinks (default) ++-R Recurse ++-c List changed files ++-v Verbose ++-f Hide errors</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chmod">chmod</h2> ++ ++<p>chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>MODE is octal number (bit pattern sstrwxrwxrwx) or [ugoa]{+|-|=}[rwxXst]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-R Recurse ++-c List changed files ++-v Verbose ++-f Hide errors</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chown">chown</h2> ++ ++<p>chown [-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[GRP]] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Change the owner and/or group of FILEs to USER and/or GRP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++-L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++-H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++-P Don't traverse symlinks (default) ++-R Recurse ++-c List changed files ++-v Verbose ++-f Hide errors</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chpasswd">chpasswd</h2> ++ ++<p>chpasswd [-me] [-c ALG] [-R DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-e Supplied passwords are in encrypted form ++-m Encrypt using md5, not des ++-c ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++-R DIR Directory to chroot into</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chpst">chpst</h2> ++ ++<p>chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] [-/ DIR] [-n NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Change the process state, run PROG</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid ++-U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment ++-e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files ++ in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file ++-/ DIR Chroot to DIR ++-n NICE Add NICE to nice value ++-m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES ++-d BYTES Limit data segment ++-o N Limit number of open files per process ++-p N Limit number of processes per uid ++-f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++-c BYTES Limit core file size ++-v Verbose ++-P Create new process group ++-0 Close stdin ++-1 Close stdout ++-2 Close stderr</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chroot">chroot</h2> ++ ++<p>chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT</p> ++ ++<h2 id="chrt">chrt</h2> ++ ++<p>chrt -m | [-rfobi] { -p [PRIO] PID | PRIO PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<p>Change scheduling priority and class (default RR) for a process</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m Show min/max priorities ++-p Operate on PID ++-r Set SCHED_RR class ++-f Set SCHED_FIFO class ++-o Set SCHED_OTHER class ++-b Set SCHED_BATCH class ++-i Set SCHED_IDLE class</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chvt">chvt</h2> ++ ++<p>chvt N</p> ++ ++<p>Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN</p> ++ ++<h2 id="cksum">cksum</h2> ++ ++<p>cksum FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="clear">clear</h2> ++ ++<p>clear</p> ++ ++<p>Clear screen</p> ++ ++<h2 id="cmp">cmp</h2> ++ ++<p>cmp [-l|s] [-n NUM] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]</p> ++ ++<p>Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l Show decimal offset and octal byte value for differing bytes, ++ don't stop on first mismatch ++-s Quiet ++-n NUM Compare at most NUM bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="comm">comm</h2> ++ ++<p>comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2</p> ++ ++<p>Compare FILE1 with FILE2</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 ++-2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 ++-3 Suppress lines common to both files</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="conspy">conspy</h2> ++ ++<p>conspy [-vcsndfFQ] [-x COL] [-y LINE] [CONSOLE_NO]</p> ++ ++<p>A text-mode VNC like program for Linux virtual consoles. To exit, quickly press ESC 3 times.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Don't send keystrokes to the console ++-c Create missing /dev/{tty,vcsa}N ++-s Open a SHELL session ++-n Black & white ++-d Dump console to stdout ++-f Follow cursor ++-F Assume console is on a framebuffer device ++-Q Disable exit on ESC-ESC-ESC ++-x COL Starting column ++-y LINE Starting line</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cp">cp</h2> ++ ++<p>cp [-arPLHpfinlsTu] SOURCE DEST or: cp [-arPLHpfinlsu] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY }</p> ++ ++<p>Copy SOURCEs to DEST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Same as -dpR ++-R,-r Recurse ++-d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R) ++-L Follow all symlinks ++-H Follow symlinks on command line ++-p Preserve file attributes if possible ++-f Overwrite ++-i Prompt before overwrite ++-n Don't overwrite ++-l,-s Create (sym)links ++-T Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory ++-t DIR Copy all SOURCEs into DIR ++-u Copy only newer files</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cpio">cpio</h2> ++ ++<p>cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-R USER[:GRP]] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR] [EXTR_FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Extract (-i) or list (-t) files from a cpio archive on stdin, or take file list from stdin and create an archive (-o) or copy files (-p)</p> ++ ++<p>Main operation mode:</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -t List ++ -i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all) ++ -o Create (requires -H newc) ++ -p DIR Copy files to DIR ++Options: ++ ++ -H newc Archive format ++ -d Make leading directories ++ -m Restore mtime ++ -v Verbose ++ -u Overwrite ++ -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file ++ -R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files ++ -L Dereference symlinks ++ -0 NUL terminated input ++ --ignore-devno ++ --renumber-inodes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="crc32">crc32</h2> ++ ++<p>crc32 FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="crond">crond</h2> ++ ++<p>crond [-fbS] [-l N] [-d N] [-L LOGFILE] [-c DIR]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Foreground ++-b Background (default) ++-S Log to syslog (default) ++-l N Set log level. Most verbose 0, default 8 ++-d N Set log level, log to stderr ++-L FILE Log to FILE ++-c DIR Cron dir. Default:/var/spool/cron/crontabs</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="crontab">crontab</h2> ++ ++<p>crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Crontab directory ++-u User ++-l List crontab ++-e Edit crontab ++-r Delete crontab ++FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cryptpw">cryptpw</h2> ++ ++<p>cryptpw [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT]</p> ++ ++<p>Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P N Read password from fd N ++-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++-S SALT</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cttyhack">cttyhack</h2> ++ ++<p>cttyhack [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. Example for /etc/inittab (for busybox init): ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh Giving controlling tty to shell running with PID 1: $ exec cttyhack sh Starting interactive shell from boot shell script:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>setsid cttyhack sh</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cut">cut</h2> ++ ++<p>cut {-b|c LIST | -f|F LIST [-d SEP] [-s]} [-D] [-O SEP] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print selected fields from FILEs to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST ++-c LIST Output only characters from LIST ++-d SEP Input field delimiter (default -f TAB, -F run of whitespace) ++-f LIST Print only these fields (-d is single char) ++-F LIST Print only these fields (-d is regex) ++-s Drop lines with no delimiter (else print them in full) ++-D Don't sort ranges; line without delimiters has one field ++--output-delimiter SEP Output field delimeter ++-n Ignored</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="date">date</h2> ++ ++<p>date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [[-s] TIME]</p> ++ ++<p>Display time (using +FMT), or set time</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) ++[-s] TIME Set time to TIME ++-d TIME Display TIME, not 'now' ++-D FMT FMT (strptime format) for -s/-d TIME conversion ++-r FILE Display last modification time of FILE ++-R Output RFC-2822 date ++-I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 date ++ SPEC=date (default), hours, minutes, seconds or ns</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Recognized TIME formats:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>@seconds_since_1970 ++hh:mm[:ss] ++[YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] ++YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] ++[[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss] ++'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dc">dc</h2> ++ ++<p>dc [-x] [-eSCRIPT]... [-fFILE]... [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: Arithmetic: + - * / % ^ ~ - divide with remainder | - modular exponentiation v - square root p - print top of the stack without popping f - print entire stack k - pop the value and set precision i - pop the value and set input radix o - pop the value and set output radix Examples: dc -e'2 2 + p' -> 4, dc -e'8 8 * 2 2 + / p' -> 16</p> ++ ++<h2 id="dd">dd</h2> ++ ++<p>dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] [iflag=skip_bytes|count_bytes|fullblock|direct] [oflag=seek_bytes|append|direct]</p> ++ ++<p>Copy a file with converting and formatting</p> ++ ++<pre><code>if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout ++bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time ++ibs=N Read N bytes at a time ++obs=N Write N bytes at a time ++count=N Copy only N input blocks ++skip=N Skip N input blocks ++seek=N Skip N output blocks ++conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file ++conv=noerror Continue after read errors ++conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros ++conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing ++conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes ++iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes ++iflag=count_bytes count=N is in bytes ++oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes ++iflag=direct O_DIRECT input ++oflag=direct O_DIRECT output ++iflag=fullblock Read full blocks ++oflag=append Open output in append mode ++status=noxfer Suppress rate output ++status=none Suppress all output</code></pre> ++ ++<p>N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M, GB, G</p> ++ ++<h2 id="deallocvt">deallocvt</h2> ++ ++<p>deallocvt [N]</p> ++ ++<p>Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN</p> ++ ++<h2 id="delgroup">delgroup</h2> ++ ++<p>delgroup [USER] GROUP</p> ++ ++<p>Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP</p> ++ ++<h2 id="deluser">deluser</h2> ++ ++<p>deluser [--remove-home] USER</p> ++ ++<p>Delete USER from the system</p> ++ ++<h2 id="depmod">depmod</h2> ++ ++<p>depmod [-n]</p> ++ ++<p>Generate modules.dep.bb</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Dry run: print file to stdout</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="devmem">devmem</h2> ++ ++<p>devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]</p> ++ ++<p>Read/write from physical address</p> ++ ++<pre><code>ADDRESS Address to act upon ++WIDTH Width (8/16/...) ++VALUE Data to be written</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="df">df</h2> ++ ++<p>df [-PkmhTai] [-B SIZE] [-t TYPE] [FILESYSTEM]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print filesystem usage statistics</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P POSIX output format ++-k 1024-byte blocks (default) ++-m 1M-byte blocks ++-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) ++-T Print filesystem type ++-t TYPE Print only mounts of this type ++-a Show all filesystems ++-i Inodes ++-B SIZE Blocksize</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dhcprelay">dhcprelay</h2> ++ ++<p>dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2]... SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP]</p> ++ ++<p>Relay DHCP requests between clients and server. Without SERVER_IP, requests are broadcast on SERVER_IFACE.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="diff">diff</h2> ++ ++<p>diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2</p> ++ ++<p>Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. This implementation supports unified diffs only.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Treat all files as text ++-b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace ++-B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank ++-d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes ++-i Ignore case differences ++-L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header ++-N Treat absent files as empty ++-q Output only whether files differ ++-r Recurse ++-S Start with FILE when comparing directories ++-T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary ++-s Report when two files are the same ++-t Expand tabs to spaces in output ++-U Output LINES lines of context ++-w Ignore all whitespace</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dirname">dirname</h2> ++ ++<p>dirname FILENAME</p> ++ ++<p>Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME</p> ++ ++<h2 id="dmesg">dmesg</h2> ++ ++<p>dmesg [-cr] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]</p> ++ ++<p>Print or control the kernel ring buffer</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Clear ring buffer after printing ++-n LEVEL Set console logging level ++-s SIZE Buffer size ++-r Print raw message buffer</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dnsd">dnsd</h2> ++ ++<p>dnsd [-dvs] [-c CONFFILE] [-t TTL_SEC] [-p PORT] [-i ADDR]</p> ++ ++<p>Small static DNS server daemon</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c FILE Config file ++-t SEC TTL ++-p PORT Listen on PORT ++-i ADDR Listen on ADDR ++-d Daemonize ++-v Verbose ++-s Send successful replies only. Use this if you want ++ to use /etc/resolv.conf with two nameserver lines: ++ nameserver DNSD_SERVER ++ nameserver NORMAL_DNS_SERVER</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dos2unix">dos2unix</h2> ++ ++<p>dos2unix [-ud] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u dos2unix ++-d unix2dos</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dpkg">dpkg</h2> ++ ++<p>dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F OPT] PACKAGE</p> ++ ++<p>Install, remove and manage Debian packages</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i,--install Install the package ++-l,--list List of installed packages ++--configure Configure an unpackaged package ++-P,--purge Purge all files of a package ++-r,--remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package ++--unpack Unpack a package, but don't configure it ++--force-depends Ignore dependency problems ++--force-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing ++--force-confold Keep old config files when installing</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dpkg-deb">dpkg-deb</h2> ++ ++<p>dpkg-deb [-cefxX] FILE [DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>Perform actions on Debian packages (.deb)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c List files ++-f Print control fields ++-e Extract control files to DIR (default: ./DEBIAN) ++-x Extract files to DIR (no default) ++-X Verbose extract</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="du">du</h2> ++ ++<p>du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Summarize disk space used for FILEs (or directories)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Show file sizes too ++-b Apparent size (including holes) ++-L Follow all symlinks ++-H Follow symlinks on command line ++-d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N ++-c Show grand total ++-l Count sizes many times if hard linked ++-s Display only a total for each argument ++-x Skip directories on different filesystems ++-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G) ++-m Sizes in megabytes ++-k Sizes in kilobytes (default)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dumpkmap">dumpkmap</h2> ++ ++<p>dumpkmap > keymap</p> ++ ++<p>Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="dumpleases">dumpleases</h2> ++ ++<p>dumpleases [-r|-a] [-d] [-f LEASEFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f FILE Lease file ++-r Show remaining time ++-a Show expiration time ++-d Show time in seconds</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="echo">echo</h2> ++ ++<p>echo [-neE] [ARG]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print ARGs to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n No trailing newline ++-e Interpret backslash escapes (\t=tab etc) ++-E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ed">ed</h2> ++ ++<p>ed [-p PROMPT] [-s] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="eject">eject</h2> ++ ++<p>eject [-s] [-t] [-T] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Eject DEVICE or default /dev/cdrom</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s SCSI device ++-t Close tray ++-T Open/close tray (toggle)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="env">env</h2> ++ ++<p>env [-i0] [-u NAME]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Print current environment or run PROG after setting up environment</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-, -i Start with empty environment ++-0 NUL terminated output ++-u NAME Remove variable from environment</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="envdir">envdir</h2> ++ ++<p>envdir DIR PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Set various environment variables as specified by files in the directory DIR, run PROG</p> ++ ++<h2 id="envuidgid">envuidgid</h2> ++ ++<p>envuidgid USER PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Set $UID to USER's uid and $GID to USER's gid, run PROG</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ether-wake">ether-wake</h2> ++ ++<p>ether-wake [-b] [-i IFACE] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]/a.b.c.d] MAC</p> ++ ++<p>Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known 'ethers' entry.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b Broadcast the packet ++-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++-p PASSWORD Append four or six byte PASSWORD to the packet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="expand">expand</h2> ++ ++<p>expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Don't convert tabs after non blanks ++-t Tabstops every N chars</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="expr">expr</h2> ++ ++<p>expr EXPRESSION</p> ++ ++<p>Print the value of EXPRESSION</p> ++ ++<p>EXPRESSION may be:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ++ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ++ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ++ARG1 <= ARG2 ++ARG1 = ARG2 ++ARG1 != ARG2 ++ARG1 >= ARG2 ++ARG1 > ARG2 ++ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: ++ARG1 - ARG2 ++ARG1 * ARG2 ++ARG1 / ARG2 ++ARG1 % ARG2 ++STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING ++match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP ++substr STRING POS LEN Substring of STRING, POS counts from 1 ++index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 ++length STRING Length of STRING ++quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if ++ it is a keyword like 'match' or an ++ operator like '/' ++(EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="factor">factor</h2> ++ ++<p>factor [NUMBER]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print prime factors</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fakeidentd">fakeidentd</h2> ++ ++<p>fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING]</p> ++ ++<p>Provide fake ident (auth) service</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Run in foreground ++-i Inetd mode ++-w Inetd 'wait' mode ++-b ADDR Bind to specified address ++STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fallocate">fallocate</h2> ++ ++<p>fallocate [-o OFS] -l LEN FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Preallocate space for FILE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o OFS Offset of range ++-l LEN Length of range</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fatattr">fatattr</h2> ++ ++<p>fatattr [-+rhsvda] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Change file attributes on FAT filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>- Clear attributes +++ Set attributes ++r Read only ++h Hidden ++s System ++v Volume label ++d Directory ++a Archive</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fbset">fbset</h2> ++ ++<p>fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE]</p> ++ ++<p>Show and modify frame buffer settings</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fbsplash">fbsplash</h2> ++ ++<p>fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Image ++-c Hide cursor ++-d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) ++-i Config file (var=value): ++ BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT ++ BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B,IMG_LEFT,IMG_TOP ++-f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) ++ commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fdflush">fdflush</h2> ++ ++<p>fdflush DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fdformat">fdformat</h2> ++ ++<p>fdformat [-n] DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Format floppy disk</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Don't verify after format</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fdisk">fdisk</h2> ++ ++<p>fdisk [-uls] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] [-t PARTTYPE] DISK</p> ++ ++<p>Change partition table</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) ++-l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit ++-s Show sizes in kb for each DISK, then exit ++-b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors ++-T PARTTYPE Force 'dos' partition if 'gpt' also present ++-C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors ++-H HEADS Typically 255 ++-S SECTORS Typically 63</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fgconsole">fgconsole</h2> ++ ++<p>fgconsole</p> ++ ++<p>Get active console</p> ++ ++<h2 id="find">find</h2> ++ ++<p>find [-HL] [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Search for files and perform actions on them. First failed action stops processing of current file. Defaults: PATH is current directory, action is '-print'</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-L,-follow Follow symlinks ++-H ...on command line only ++-xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems ++-maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies ++ actions to command line arguments only ++-mindepth N Don't act on first N levels ++-depth Act on directory *after* traversing it</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Actions:</p> ++ ++<pre><code> ( ACTIONS ) Group actions for -o / -a ++ ! ACT Invert ACT's success/failure ++ ACT1 [-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2 ++ ACT1 -o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2 ++ Note: -a has higher priority than -o ++ -name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN ++ -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name ++ -path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN ++ -ipath PATTERN Case insensitive -path ++ -regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN ++ -type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p) ++ -executable File is executable ++ -perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (-MASK), ++ or exactly MASK bits are set in file's mode ++ -mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N days in the past ++ -atime DAYS atime +N/-N/N days in the past ++ -ctime DAYS ctime +N/-N/N days in the past ++ -mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N minutes in the past ++ -amin MINS atime +N/-N/N minutes in the past ++ -cmin MINS ctime +N/-N/N minutes in the past ++ -newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE's ++ -inum N File has inode number N ++ -samefile FILE File is same as FILE ++ -user NAME/ID File is owned by given user ++ -group NAME/ID File is owned by given group ++ -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)) ++ +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N ++ -links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N ++ -empty Match empty file/directory ++ -prune If current file is directory, don't descend into it ++If none of the following actions is specified, -print is assumed ++ -print Print file name ++ -print0 Print file name, NUL terminated ++ -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by ++ file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero ++ -exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names ++ -ok CMD ARG ; Prompt and run CMD with {} replaced ++ -delete Delete current file/directory. Turns on -depth option ++ -quit Exit</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="findfs">findfs</h2> ++ ++<p>findfs LABEL=label | UUID=uuid</p> ++ ++<p>Find filesystem device based on label or UUID</p> ++ ++<h2 id="flock">flock</h2> ++ ++<p>flock [-sxun] FD | { FILE [-c] PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<p>[Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Shared lock ++-x Exclusive lock (default) ++-u Unlock FD ++-n Fail rather than wait</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fold">fold</h2> ++ ++<p>fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Wrap input lines in FILEs (or stdin), writing to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b Count bytes rather than columns ++-s Break at spaces ++-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="free">free</h2> ++ ++<p>free [-bkmgh]</p> ++ ++<p>Display free and used memory</p> ++ ++<h2 id="freeramdisk">freeramdisk</h2> ++ ++<p>freeramdisk DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fsck">fsck</h2> ++ ++<p>fsck [-ANPRTV] [-t FSTYPE] [FS_OPTS] [BLOCKDEV]...</p> ++ ++<p>Check and repair filesystems</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems ++-N Don't execute, just show what would be done ++-P With -A, check filesystems in parallel ++-R With -A, skip the root filesystem ++-T Don't show title on startup ++-V Verbose ++-t TYPE List of filesystem types to check</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fsck.minix">fsck.minix</h2> ++ ++<p>fsck.minix [-larvsmf] BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<p>Check MINIX filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all filenames ++-r Perform interactive repairs ++-a Perform automatic repairs ++-v Verbose ++-s Output superblock information ++-m Show "mode not cleared" warnings ++-f Force file system check</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fsfreeze">fsfreeze</h2> ++ ++<p>fsfreeze --[un]freeze MOUNTPOINT</p> ++ ++<p>Flush and halt writes to MOUNTPOINT</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fstrim">fstrim</h2> ++ ++<p>fstrim [OPTIONS] MOUNTPOINT</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o OFFSET Offset in bytes to discard from ++-l LEN Bytes to discard ++-m MIN Minimum extent length ++-v Print number of discarded bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fsync">fsync</h2> ++ ++<p>fsync [-d] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Avoid syncing metadata</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ftpd">ftpd</h2> ++ ++<p>ftpd [-wvS] [-a USER] [-t SEC] [-T SEC] [DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>FTP server. Chroots to DIR, if this fails (run by non-root), cds to it. It is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve Can be run from tcpsvd:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve ++ ++-w Allow upload ++-A No login required, client access occurs under ftpd's UID ++-a USER Enable 'anonymous' login and map it to USER ++-v Log errors to stderr. -vv: verbose log ++-S Log errors to syslog. -SS: verbose log ++-t,-T N Idle and absolute timeout</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ftpget">ftpget</h2> ++ ++<p>ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Download a file via FTP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Continue previous transfer ++-v Verbose ++-u USER Username ++-p PASS Password ++-P PORT</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ftpput">ftpput</h2> ++ ++<p>ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Upload a file to a FTP server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-u USER Username ++-p PASS Password ++-P PORT</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fuser">fuser</h2> ++ ++<p>fuser [-msk46] [-SIGNAL] FILE or PORT/PROTO</p> ++ ++<p>Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs ++-4,-6 Search only IPv4/IPv6 space ++-s Don't display PIDs ++-k Kill found processes ++-SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="getfattr">getfattr</h2> ++ ++<p>getfattr [-h] {-d|-n ATTR} FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Get extended attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Do not follow symlinks ++-d Dump all attributes ++-n ATTR Get attribute ATTR</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="getopt">getopt</h2> ++ ++<p>getopt [OPTIONS] [--] OPTSTRING PARAMS</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Allow long options starting with single - ++-l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize ++-n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported ++-o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize ++-q No error messages on unrecognized options ++-Q No normal output ++-s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions ++-T Version test (exits with 4) ++-u Don't quote output</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Example:</p> ++ ++<p>O=`getopt -l bb: -- ab:c:: "$@"` || exit 1 eval set -- "$O" while true; do case "$1" in -a) echo A; shift;; -b|--bb) echo "B:'$2'"; shift 2;; -c) case "$2" in "") echo C; shift 2;; *) echo "C:'$2'"; shift 2;; esac;; --) shift; break;; *) echo Error; exit 1;; esac done</p> ++ ++<h2 id="getty">getty</h2> ++ ++<p>getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... TTY [TERMTYPE]</p> ++ ++<p>Open TTY, prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control ++-L Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state) ++-m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message ++-n Don't prompt for login name ++-w Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue ++-i Don't display /etc/issue ++-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue ++-l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login ++-t SEC Terminate after SEC if no login name is read ++-I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else ++-H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname</code></pre> ++ ++<p>BAUD_RATE of 0 leaves it unchanged</p> ++ ++<h2 id="grep">grep</h2> ++ ++<p>grep [-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [-m N] [-A|B|C N] { PATTERN | -e PATTERN... | -f FILE... } [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-H Add 'filename:' prefix ++-h Do not add 'filename:' prefix ++-n Add 'line_no:' prefix ++-l Show only names of files that match ++-L Show only names of files that don't match ++-c Show only count of matching lines ++-o Show only the matching part of line ++-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise ++-v Select non-matching lines ++-s Suppress open and read errors ++-r Recurse ++-R Recurse and dereference symlinks ++-i Ignore case ++-w Match whole words only ++-x Match whole lines only ++-F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp) ++-E PATTERN is an extended regexp ++-m N Match up to N times per file ++-A N Print N lines of trailing context ++-B N Print N lines of leading context ++-C N Same as '-A N -B N' ++-e PTRN Pattern to match ++-f FILE Read pattern from file</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="groups">groups</h2> ++ ++<p>groups [USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Print the groups USER is in</p> ++ ++<h2 id="gunzip">gunzip</h2> ++ ++<p>gunzip [-cfkt] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="gzip">gzip</h2> ++ ++<p>gzip [-cfkdt] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Compress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="halt">halt</h2> ++ ++<p>halt [-d DELAY] [-nfw]</p> ++ ++<p>Halt the system</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d SEC Delay interval ++-n Do not sync ++-f Force (don't go through init) ++-w Only write a wtmp record</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="hd">hd</h2> ++ ++<p>hd FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>hd is an alias for hexdump -C</p> ++ ++<h2 id="hdparm">hdparm</h2> ++ ++<p>hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Get/set fs readahead ++-A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1) ++-b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) ++-B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) ++-c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting ++-C Check IDE power mode status ++-d Get/set using_dma flag ++-D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt ++-f Flush buffer cache for device on exit ++-g Display drive geometry ++-h Display terse usage information ++-i Display drive identification ++-I Detailed/current information directly from drive ++-k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) ++-K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) ++-L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) ++-m Get/set multiple sector count ++-n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) ++-p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) ++-P Set drive prefetch count ++-Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported) ++-r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) ++-R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++-S Set standby (spindown) timeout ++-t Perform device read timings ++-T Perform cache read timings ++-u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) ++-U Unregister an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++-v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives ++-V Display program version and exit immediately ++-w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) ++-W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++-x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++-X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) ++-y Put IDE drive in standby mode ++-Y Put IDE drive to sleep ++-Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode ++-z Reread partition table</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="head">head</h2> ++ ++<p>head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print first 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin). With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n N[bkm] Print first N lines ++-n -N[bkm] Print all except N last lines ++-c [-]N[bkm] Print first N bytes ++ (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++-q Never print headers ++-v Always print headers</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="hexdump">hexdump</h2> ++ ++<p>hexdump [-bcdoxCv] [-e FMT] [-f FMT_FILE] [-n LEN] [-s OFS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b 1-byte octal display ++-c 1-byte character display ++-d 2-byte decimal display ++-o 2-byte octal display ++-x 2-byte hex display ++-C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line ++-v Show all (no dup folding) ++-e FORMAT_STR Example: '16/1 "%02x|""\n"' ++-f FORMAT_FILE ++-n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="hexedit">hexedit</h2> ++ ++<p>hexedit FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Edit FILE in hexadecimal</p> ++ ++<h2 id="hostid">hostid</h2> ++ ++<p>hostid</p> ++ ++<p>Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine</p> ++ ++<h2 id="hostname">hostname</h2> ++ ++<p>hostname [-sidf] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Show or set hostname or DNS domain name</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Short ++-i Addresses for the hostname ++-d DNS domain name ++-f Fully qualified domain name ++-F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="httpd">httpd</h2> ++ ++<p>httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-M MAXCONN] [-K KILLSEC] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING</p> ++ ++<p>Listen for incoming HTTP requests</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Inetd mode ++-f Run in foreground ++-v[v] Verbose ++-p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80) ++-M NUM Pause if NUM connections are open (default 256) ++-K NUM Kill CGIs after NUM seconds ++-u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port ++-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication ++-h HOME Home directory (default .) ++-c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf) ++-m STRING MD5 crypt STRING ++-e STRING HTML encode STRING ++-d STRING URL decode STRING</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="hush">hush</h2> ++ ++<p>hush [-enxl] [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Unix shell interpreter</p> ++ ++<h2 id="hwclock">hwclock</h2> ++ ++<p>hwclock [-ul] [-f DEV] [-s|-w|--systz|--param-get PARAM|--param-set PARAM=VAL]</p> ++ ++<p>Show or set hardware clock (RTC)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f DEV Use this device (e.g. /dev/rtc2) ++-u Assume RTC is kept in UTC ++-l Assume RTC is kept in local time ++ (if neither is given, read from /etc/adjtime) ++-s Set system time from RTC ++-w Set RTC from system time ++--systz Set in-kernel timezone, correct system time ++ if RTC is kept in local time ++--param-get PARAM Get RTC parameter ++--param-set PARAM=VAL Set RTC parameter</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2cdetect">i2cdetect</h2> ++ ++<p>i2cdetect -l | -F I2CBUS | [-ya] [-q|-r] I2CBUS [FIRST LAST]</p> ++ ++<p>Detect I2C chips</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List installed buses ++-F BUS# List functionalities on this bus ++-y Disable interactive mode ++-a Force scanning of non-regular addresses ++-q Use smbus quick write commands for probing (default) ++-r Use smbus read byte commands for probing ++FIRST and LAST limit probing range</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2cdump">i2cdump</h2> ++ ++<p>i2cdump [-fy] [-r FIRST-LAST] BUS ADDR [MODE]</p> ++ ++<p>Examine I2C registers</p> ++ ++<pre><code> I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++MODE is: ++ ++ b Byte (default) ++ w Word ++ W Word on even register addresses ++ i I2C block ++ s SMBus block ++ c Consecutive byte ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -r Limit the number of registers being accessed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2cget">i2cget</h2> ++ ++<p>i2cget [-fy] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS [DATA-ADDRESS [MODE]]</p> ++ ++<p>Read from I2C/SMBus chip registers</p> ++ ++<pre><code> I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++MODE is: ++ ++ b Read byte data (default) ++ w Read word data ++ c Write byte/read byte ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2cset">i2cset</h2> ++ ++<p>i2cset [-fy] [-m MASK] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS DATA-ADDRESS [VALUE] ... [MODE]</p> ++ ++<p>Set I2C registers</p> ++ ++<pre><code> I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++MODE is: ++ ++ c Byte, no value ++ b Byte data (default) ++ w Word data ++ i I2C block data ++ s SMBus block data ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -r Read back and compare the result ++ -m MASK Mask specifying which bits to write</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2ctransfer">i2ctransfer</h2> ++ ++<p>i2ctransfer [-fay] I2CBUS { rLENGTH[@ADDR] | wLENGTH[@ADDR] DATA...}...</p> ++ ++<p>Read/write I2C data in one transfer</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Force access to busy addresses ++-a Force access to non-regular addresses ++-y Disable interactive mode</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="id">id</h2> ++ ++<p>id [-ugGnr] [USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Print information about USER or the current user</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u User ID ++-g Group ID ++-G Supplementary group IDs ++-n Print names instead of numbers ++-r Print real ID instead of effective ID</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifconfig">ifconfig</h2> ++ ++<p>ifconfig [-a] [IFACE] [ADDRESS]</p> ++ ++<p>Configure a network interface</p> ++ ++<pre><code>[add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++[del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++[[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] ++[netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] ++[outfill NN] [keepalive NN] ++[hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] ++[[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] ++[multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic] ++[mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] ++[up|down] ...</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifdown">ifdown</h2> ++ ++<p>ifdown [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Deconfigure all interfaces ++-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++-n Dry run ++ (note: doesn't disable mappings) ++-m Don't run any mappings ++-v Print out what would happen before doing it ++-f Force</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifenslave">ifenslave</h2> ++ ++<p>ifenslave [-cdf] MASTER_IFACE SLAVE_IFACE...</p> ++ ++<p>Configure network interfaces for parallel routing</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Change active slave ++-d Remove slave interface from bonding device ++-f Force, even if interface is not Ethernet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifplugd">ifplugd</h2> ++ ++<p>ifplugd [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Network interface plug detection daemon</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Run in foreground ++-s Don't log to syslog ++-i IFACE Interface ++-f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up ++ (otherwise exit on error) ++-a Don't up interface at each link probe ++-M Monitor creation/destruction of interface ++ (otherwise it must exist) ++-A Don't up newly appeared interface ++-r PROG Script to run ++-x ARG Extra argument for script ++-I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script ++-p Don't run "up" script on startup ++-q Don't run "down" script on exit ++-l Always run script on startup ++-t SECS Poll time in seconds ++-u SECS Delay before running script after link up ++-d SECS Delay after link down ++-m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto) ++-k Kill running daemon</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifup">ifup</h2> ++ ++<p>ifup [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Configure all interfaces ++-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++-n Dry run ++ (note: doesn't disable mappings) ++-m Don't run any mappings ++-v Print out what would happen before doing it ++-f Force</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="inetd">inetd</h2> ++ ++<p>inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Listen for network connections and launch programs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Run in foreground ++-e Log to stderr ++-q N Socket listen queue (default 128) ++-R N Pause services after N connects/min ++ (default 0 - disabled) ++Default CONFFILE is /etc/inetd.conf</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="init">init</h2> ++ ++<p>init</p> ++ ++<p>Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits. It (re)spawns children according to /etc/inittab. Signals:</p> ++ ++<p>HUP: reload /etc/inittab TSTP: stop respawning until CONT QUIT: re-exec another init USR1/TERM/USR2/INT: run halt/reboot/poweroff/Ctrl-Alt-Del script</p> ++ ++<h2 id="insmod">insmod</h2> ++ ++<p>insmod FILE [SYMBOL=VALUE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Load kernel module</p> ++ ++<h2 id="install">install</h2> ++ ++<p>install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [-t DIR] [SOURCE]... DEST</p> ++ ++<p>Copy files and set attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Just copy (default) ++-d Create directories ++-D Create leading target directories ++-s Strip symbol table ++-p Preserve date ++-o USER Set ownership ++-g GRP Set group ownership ++-m MODE Set permissions ++-t DIR Install to DIR</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ionice">ionice</h2> ++ ++<p>ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-t] { -p PID | PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<p>Change I/O priority and class</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c N Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle ++-n N Priority ++-t Ignore errors</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="iostat">iostat</h2> ++ ++<p>iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL [COUNT]]</p> ++ ++<p>Report CPU and I/O statistics</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Show CPU utilization ++-d Show device utilization ++-t Print current time ++-z Omit devices with no activity ++-k Use kb/s ++-m Use Mb/s</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ip">ip</h2> ++ ++<p>ip [OPTIONS] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>OPTIONS := -f[amily] inet|inet6|link | -o[neline]</p> ++ ++<p>ip addr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX] ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ip link set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] [promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] ip tunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ip neigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] ip rule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ipaddr">ipaddr</h2> ++ ++<p>ipaddr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX]</p> ++ ++<p>ipaddr add|change|replace|delete dev IFACE [CONFFLAG-LIST] IFADDR IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR|+|-] [anycast ADDR] [label STRING] [scope SCOPE] PREFIX := ADDR[/MASK] SCOPE := [host|link|global|NUMBER] CONFFLAG-LIST := [CONFFLAG-LIST] CONFFLAG CONFFLAG := [noprefixroute] ipaddr show|flush [dev IFACE] [scope SCOPE] [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ipcalc">ipcalc</h2> ++ ++<p>ipcalc [-bnmphs] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [NETMASK]</p> ++ ++<p>Calculate and display network settings from IP address</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b Broadcast address ++-n Network address ++-m Default netmask for IP ++-p Prefix for IP/NETMASK ++-h Resolved host name ++-s No error messages</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ipcrm">ipcrm</h2> ++ ++<p>ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id]</p> ++ ++<p>Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-mM Remove memory segment after last detach ++-qQ Remove message queue ++-sS Remove semaphore</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ipcs">ipcs</h2> ++ ++<p>ipcs [[-smq] -i SHMID] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]]</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -i ID Show specific resource ++Resource specification: ++ ++ -m Shared memory segments ++ -q Message queues ++ -s Semaphore arrays ++ -a All (default) ++Output format: ++ ++ -t Time ++ -c Creator ++ -p Pid ++ -l Limits ++ -u Summary</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="iplink">iplink</h2> ++ ++<p>iplink set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] [promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] iplink add [link IFACE] IFACE [address MAC] type TYPE [ARGS] iplink delete IFACE type TYPE [ARGS] TYPE ARGS := vlan VLANARGS | vrf table NUM | can CANARGS VLANARGS := id VLANID [protocol 802.1q|802.1ad] [reorder_hdr on|off] [gvrp on|off] [mvrp on|off] [loose_binding on|off] CANARGS := [bitrate BITRATE [sample-point SAMPLE-POINT]] | [tq TQ prop-seg PROP_SEG phase-seg1 PHASE-SEG1 phase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [sjw SJW]] [dbitrate BITRATE [dsample-point SAMPLE-POINT]] | [dtq TQ dprop-seg PROP_SEG dphase-seg1 PHASE-SEG1 dphase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [dsjw SJW]] [loopback on|off] [listen-only on|off] [triple-sampling on|off] [one-shot on|off] [berr-reporting on|off] [fd on|off] [fd-non-iso on|off] [presume-ack on|off] [restart-ms TIME-MS] [restart] [termination 0..65535] iplink show [IFACE]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ipneigh">ipneigh</h2> ++ ++<p>ipneigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="iproute">iproute</h2> ++ ++<p>iproute list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE</p> ++ ++<p>iproute list|flush SELECTOR SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] PREFIX := default|ADDR[/MASK] iproute get ADDR [from ADDR iif IFACE] [oif IFACE] [tos TOS] iproute add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [INFO_SPEC] NODE_SPEC := PREFIX [table TABLE_ID] [proto RTPROTO] [scope SCOPE] [metric METRIC] INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS NH := [via [inet|inet6] ADDR] [dev IFACE] [src ADDR] [onlink] OPTIONS := [mtu [lock] NUM] [advmss [lock] NUM]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="iprule">iprule</h2> ++ ++<p>iprule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION</p> ++ ++<pre><code>SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK[/MASK]] ++ [dev IFACE] [pref NUMBER] ++ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDR] ++ [prohibit|reject|unreachable] ++ [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] ++TABLE_ID := [local|main|default|NUMBER]</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="iptunnel">iptunnel</h2> ++ ++<p>iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL]</p> ++ ++<p>iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY] [[i|o]csum] [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="kbd_mode">kbd_mode</h2> ++ ++<p>kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY]</p> ++ ++<p>Report or set VT console keyboard mode</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Default (ASCII) ++-k Medium-raw (keycode) ++-s Raw (scancode) ++-u Unicode (utf-8) ++-C TTY Affect TTY</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="kill">kill</h2> ++ ++<p>kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...</p> ++ ++<p>Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all signal names and numbers</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="killall">killall</h2> ++ ++<p>killall [-lq] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME...</p> ++ ++<p>Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all signal names and numbers ++-q Don't complain if no processes were killed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="killall5">killall5</h2> ++ ++<p>killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...</p> ++ ++<p>Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all signal names and numbers ++-o PID Don't signal this PID</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="klogd">klogd</h2> ++ ++<p>klogd [-c N] [-n]</p> ++ ++<p>Log kernel messages to syslog</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c N Print to console messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) ++-n Run in foreground</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="last">last</h2> ++ ++<p>last [-HW] [-f FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Show listing of the last users that logged into the system</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-W Display with no host column truncation ++-f FILE Read from FILE instead of /var/log/wtmp</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="less">less</h2> ++ ++<p>less [-EFIMmNSRh~] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-E Quit once the end of a file is reached ++-F Quit if entire file fits on first screen ++-I Ignore case in all searches ++-M,-m Display status line with line numbers ++ and percentage through the file ++-N Prefix line number to each line ++-S Truncate long lines ++-R Remove color escape codes in input ++-~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="link">link</h2> ++ ++<p>link FILE LINK</p> ++ ++<p>Create hard LINK to FILE</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ln">ln</h2> ++ ++<p>ln [-sfnbtv] [-S SUF] TARGET... LINK|DIR</p> ++ ++<p>Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks ++-f Remove existing destinations ++-n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file ++-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation ++-S SUF Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files ++-T Treat LINK as a file, not DIR ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="loadfont">loadfont</h2> ++ ++<p>loadfont < font</p> ++ ++<p>Load a console font from stdin</p> ++ ++<h2 id="loadkmap">loadkmap</h2> ++ ++<p>loadkmap < keymap</p> ++ ++<p>Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin</p> ++ ++<h2 id="logger">logger</h2> ++ ++<p>logger [-s] [-t TAG] [-p PRIO] [MESSAGE]</p> ++ ++<p>Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Log to stderr as well as the system log ++-t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) ++-p PRIO Priority (number or FACILITY.LEVEL pair)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="login">login</h2> ++ ++<p>login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Begin a new session on the system</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated) ++-h HOST Host user came from (for network logins) ++-p Preserve environment</code></pre> ++ ++<p>$LOGIN_TIMEOUT Seconds (default 60, 0 - disable) $LOGIN_PRE_SUID_SCRIPT Execute before user ID change</p> ++ ++<h2 id="logname">logname</h2> ++ ++<p>logname</p> ++ ++<p>Print the name of the current user</p> ++ ++<h2 id="logread">logread</h2> ++ ++<p>logread [-fF]</p> ++ ++<p>Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Output data as log grows ++-F Same as -f, but dump buffer first</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="losetup">losetup</h2> ++ ++<p>losetup [-rP] [-o OFS] {-f|LOOPDEV} FILE: associate loop devices losetup -c LOOPDEV: reread file size losetup -d LOOPDEV: disassociate losetup -a: show status losetup -f: show next free loop device</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE ++-P Scan for partitions ++-r Read-only ++-f Show/use next free loop device</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lpd">lpd</h2> ++ ++<p>lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]]</p> ++ ++<p>SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print is passed in $DATAFILE variable. Example:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lpq">lpq</h2> ++ ++<p>lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID]... [-fs]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++-d Delete jobs ++-f Force any waiting job to be printed ++-s Short display</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lpr">lpr</h2> ++ ++<p>lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++-m Send mail on completion ++-h Print banner page too ++-V Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ls">ls</h2> ++ ++<p>ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>List directory contents</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-1 One column output ++-a Include names starting with . ++-A Like -a, but exclude . and .. ++-x List by lines ++-d List directory names, not contents ++-L Follow symlinks ++-H Follow symlinks on command line ++-R Recurse ++-p Append / to directory names ++-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names ++-l Long format ++-i List inode numbers ++-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names ++-s List allocated blocks ++-lc List ctime ++-lu List atime ++--full-time List full date/time ++-h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G) ++--group-directories-first ++-S Sort by size ++-X Sort by extension ++-v Sort by version ++-t Sort by mtime ++-tc Sort by ctime ++-tu Sort by atime ++-r Reverse sort order ++-w N Format N columns wide ++--color[={always,never,auto}]</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lsattr">lsattr</h2> ++ ++<p>lsattr [-Radlpv] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>List ext2 file attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-R Recurse ++-a Include names starting with . ++-d List directory names, not contents ++-l List long flag names ++-p List project ID ++-v List version/generation number</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lsblk">lsblk</h2> ++ ++<p>lsblk [BLOCKDEV]...</p> ++ ++<p>List block devices</p> ++ ++<h2 id="lsmod">lsmod</h2> ++ ++<p>lsmod</p> ++ ++<p>List loaded kernel modules</p> ++ ++<h2 id="lsof">lsof</h2> ++ ++<p>lsof</p> ++ ++<p>Show all open files</p> ++ ++<h2 id="lspci">lspci</h2> ++ ++<p>lspci [-mk]</p> ++ ++<p>List all PCI devices</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m Parsable output ++-k Show driver</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lzcat">lzcat</h2> ++ ++<p>lzcat [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="lzma">lzma</h2> ++ ++<p>lzma -d [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lzop">lzop</h2> ++ ++<p>lzop [-cfUvd123456789CF] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-1..9 Compression level ++-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-U Delete input files ++-v Verbose ++-F Don't store or verify checksum ++-C Also write checksum of compressed block</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="makedevs">makedevs</h2> ++ ++<p>makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir</p> ++ ++<p>Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. Device table entries take the form of:</p> ++ ++<p><name> <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count> Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular file d Directory c Character device b Block device p Fifo (named pipe) uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="makemime">makemime</h2> ++ ++<p>makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o FILE Output. Default: stdout ++-a HDR Add header(s). Examples: ++ "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`" ++-c CT Content type. Default: application/octet-stream ++-C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Other options are silently ignored</p> ++ ++<h2 id="man">man</h2> ++ ++<p>man [-aw] [SECTION] MANPAGE[.SECTION]...</p> ++ ++<p>Display manual page</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Display all pages ++-w Show page locations</code></pre> ++ ++<p>$COLUMNS overrides output width</p> ++ ++<h2 id="md5sum">md5sum</h2> ++ ++<p>md5sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check MD5 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mdev">mdev</h2> ++ ++<p>mdev [-vS] { [-s] | [-df] }</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-S Log to syslog too ++-s Scan /sys and populate /dev ++-d Daemon, listen on netlink ++-f Run in foreground</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it: echo /sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug</p> ++ ++<p>It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines [-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH]|[!] [@|$|*PROG] where DEVNAME is device name regex, @major,minor[-minor2], or environment variable regex. A common use of the latter is to load modules for hotplugged devices:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>$MODALIAS=.* 0:0 660 @modprobe "$MODALIAS"</code></pre> ++ ++<p>If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value to match $SEQNUM variable. This prevents plug/unplug races. To activate this feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot.</p> ++ ++<p>If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="mesg">mesg</h2> ++ ++<p>mesg [y|n]</p> ++ ++<p>Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access to your terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal</p> ++ ++<h2 id="microcom">microcom</h2> ++ ++<p>microcom [-d DELAY_MS] [-t TIMEOUT_MS ] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY</p> ++ ++<p>Copy bytes from stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d DELAY Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending ++ every next byte to it ++-t TIMEOUT Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms ++-s SPEED Set serial line to SPEED ++-X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mim">mim</h2> ++ ++<p>mim [-f FILE] [SHELL_OPTIONS] [TARGET] ...</p> ++ ++<p>Run a script from a Makefile-like specification file</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f FILE Spec file (default Mimfile)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkdir">mkdir</h2> ++ ++<p>mkdir [-m MODE] [-p] DIRECTORY...</p> ++ ++<p>Create DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MODE Mode ++-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkdosfs">mkdosfs</h2> ++ ++<p>mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Make a FAT32 filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-n LBL Volume label</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mke2fs">mke2fs</h2> ++ ++<p>mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++-F Force ++-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++-I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++-L LBL Volume label ++-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++-n Dry run</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkfifo">mkfifo</h2> ++ ++<p>mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME</p> ++ ++<p>Create named pipe</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkfs.ext2">mkfs.ext2</h2> ++ ++<p>mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++-F Force ++-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++-I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++-L LBL Volume label ++-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++-n Dry run</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</h2> ++ ++<p>mkfs.minix [-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Make a MINIX filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check device for bad blocks ++-n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames ++-i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem ++-l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE ++-v Make version 2 filesystem</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkfs.vfat">mkfs.vfat</h2> ++ ++<p>mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Make a FAT32 filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-n LBL Volume label</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mknod">mknod</h2> ++ ++<p>mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]</p> ++ ++<p>Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw) ++TYPE: ++ b Block device ++ c or u Character device ++ p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkpasswd">mkpasswd</h2> ++ ++<p>mkpasswd [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT]</p> ++ ++<p>Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P N Read password from fd N ++-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++-S SALT</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkswap">mkswap</h2> ++ ++<p>mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-L LBL Label</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mktemp">mktemp</h2> ++ ++<p>mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]</p> ++ ++<p>Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). Without TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Make directory, not file ++-q Fail silently on errors ++-t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE ++-p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t) ++-u Do not create anything; print a name</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Base directory is: -p DIR, else $TMPDIR, else /tmp</p> ++ ++<h2 id="modinfo">modinfo</h2> ++ ++<p>modinfo [-adlpn0] [-F keyword] MODULE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Shortcut for '-F author' ++-d Shortcut for '-F description' ++-l Shortcut for '-F license' ++-p Shortcut for '-F parm' ++-F keyword Keyword to look for ++-0 NUL terminated output</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="modprobe">modprobe</h2> ++ ++<p>modprobe [-rq] MODULE [SYMBOL=VALUE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r Remove MODULE ++-q Quiet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="more">more</h2> ++ ++<p>more [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time</p> ++ ++<h2 id="mount">mount</h2> ++ ++<p>mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPT] DEVICE NODE</p> ++ ++<p>Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -a Mount all filesystems in fstab ++ -f Dry run ++ -v Verbose ++ -r Read-only mount ++ -t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s) ++ -T FILE Read FILE instead of /etc/fstab ++ -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only) ++-o OPT: ++ loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) ++ [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous ++ [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times ++ [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories ++ [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time ++ [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files ++ [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files ++ [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs ++ [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree ++ [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree ++ [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree ++ [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted ++ [r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location ++ move Relocate an existing mount point ++ remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags ++ ro Same as -r</code></pre> ++ ++<p>There are filesystem-specific -o flags.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="mountpoint">mountpoint</h2> ++ ++<p>mountpoint [-q] { [-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE }</p> ++ ++<p>Check if DIR is a mountpoint</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-q Quiet ++-d Print major:minor of the filesystem ++-n Print device name of the filesystem ++-x Print major:minor of DEVICE</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mpstat">mpstat</h2> ++ ++<p>mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL [COUNT]]</p> ++ ++<p>Per-processor statistics</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-A Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL ++-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU Report interrupt statistics ++-P num|ALL Processor to monitor ++-u Report CPU utilization</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mt">mt</h2> ++ ++<p>mt [-f DEVICE] OPCODE VALUE</p> ++ ++<p>Control magnetic tape drive operation</p> ++ ++<p>Opcodes:</p> ++ ++<p>bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset</p> ++ ++<h2 id="mv">mv</h2> ++ ++<p>mv [-finT] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY }</p> ++ ++<p>Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCEs to DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Don't prompt before overwriting ++-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite ++-n Don't overwrite an existing file ++-T Refuse to move if DEST is a directory ++-t DIR Move all SOURCEs into DIR</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nameif">nameif</h2> ++ ++<p>nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [IFNAME SELECTOR]...</p> ++ ++<p>Rename network interface while it in the down state. The device matched by SELECTOR is renamed to IFNAME. SELECTOR can be a combination of:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>driver=STRING ++bus=STRING ++phy_address=NUM ++[mac=]XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX ++ ++-c FILE Configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) ++-s Log to syslog</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nanddump">nanddump</h2> ++ ++<p>nanddump [-no] [--bb padbad|skipbad] [-s ADDR] [-l LEN] [-f FILE] MTD_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Dump MTD_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Read without ecc ++-o Dump oob data ++-s ADDR Start address ++-l LEN Length ++-f FILE Dump to file ('-' for stdout) ++--bb METHOD ++ skipbad: skip bad blocks ++ padbad: substitute bad blocks by 0xff (default)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nandwrite">nandwrite</h2> ++ ++<p>nandwrite [-np] [-s ADDR] MTD_DEVICE [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Write to MTD_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Write without ecc ++-p Pad to page size ++-s ADDR Start address</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nbd-client">nbd-client</h2> ++ ++<p>nbd-client { [-b BLKSIZE] [-N NAME] [-t SEC] [-p] HOST [PORT] | -d } BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<p>Connect to HOST and provide network block device on BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<h2 id="nc">nc</h2> ++ ++<p>nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST] [PORT] - listen</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) ++-l Listen mode, for inbound connects ++-lk With -e, provides persistent server ++-p PORT Local port ++-s ADDR Local address ++-w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads ++-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent ++-n Don't do DNS resolution ++-u UDP mode ++-b Allow broadcasts ++-v Verbose ++-o FILE Hex dump traffic ++-z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="netstat">netstat</h2> ++ ++<p>netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp]</p> ++ ++<p>Display networking information</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r Routing table ++-a All sockets ++-l Listening sockets ++ Else: connected sockets ++-t TCP sockets ++-u UDP sockets ++-w Raw sockets ++-x Unix sockets ++ Else: all socket types ++-e Other/more information ++-n Don't resolve names ++-W Wide display ++-p Show PID/program name for sockets</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nice">nice</h2> ++ ++<p>nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Change scheduling priority, run PROG</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nl">nl</h2> ++ ++<p>nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b STYLE Which lines to number - a: all, t: nonempty, n: none ++-i N Line number increment ++-s STRING Use STRING as line number separator ++-v N Start from N ++-w N Width of line numbers</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nmeter">nmeter</h2> ++ ++<p>nmeter [-d MSEC] FORMAT_STRING</p> ++ ++<p>Monitor system in real time</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d MSEC Milliseconds between updates, default:1000, none:-1</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Format specifiers:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>%Nc or %[cN] CPU. N - bar size (default 10) ++ (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) ++%[nINTERFACE] Network INTERFACE ++%m Allocated memory ++%[md] Dirty file-backed memory ++%[mw] Memory being written to storage ++%[mf] Free memory ++%[mt] Total memory ++%s Allocated swap ++%f Number of used file descriptors ++%Ni Total/specific IRQ rate ++%x Context switch rate ++%p Forks ++%[pn] # of processes ++%b Block io ++%Nt Time (with N decimal points) ++%NT Zero-based timestamp (with N decimal points) ++%r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nohup">nohup</h2> ++ ++<p>nohup PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty</p> ++ ++<h2 id="nologin">nologin</h2> ++ ++<p>nologin</p> ++ ++<p>Politely refuse a login</p> ++ ++<h2 id="nproc">nproc</h2> ++ ++<p>nproc [--all] [--ignore=N]</p> ++ ++<p>Print number of available CPUs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>--all Number of installed CPUs ++--ignore=N Exclude N CPUs</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nsenter">nsenter</h2> ++ ++<p>nsenter [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-t PID Target process to get namespaces from ++-m[FILE] Enter mount namespace ++-u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc) ++-i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace ++-n[FILE] Enter network namespace ++-p[FILE] Enter pid namespace ++-U[FILE] Enter user namespace ++-S UID Set uid in entered namespace ++-G GID Set gid in entered namespace ++--preserve-credentials Don't touch uids or gids ++-r[DIR] Set root directory ++-w[DIR] Set working directory ++-F Don't fork before exec'ing PROG</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nslookup">nslookup</h2> ++ ++<p>nslookup [-type=QUERY_TYPE] [-debug] HOST [DNS_SERVER]</p> ++ ++<p>Query DNS about HOST</p> ++ ++<p>QUERY_TYPE: soa,ns,a,aaaa,cname,mx,txt,ptr,srv,any</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ntpd">ntpd</h2> ++ ++<p>ntpd [-dnqNwl] [-I IFACE] [-S PROG] [-k KEYFILE] [-p [keyno:N:]PEER]...</p> ++ ++<p>NTP client/server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d[d] Verbose ++-n Run in foreground ++-q Quit after clock is set ++-N Run at high priority ++-w Do not set time (only query peers), implies -n ++-S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 min ++-k FILE Key file (ntp.keys compatible) ++-p [keyno:NUM:]PEER ++ Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated) ++ Use key NUM for authentication ++ If -p is not given, 'server HOST' lines ++ from /etc/ntp.conf are used ++-l Also run as server on port 123 ++-I IFACE Bind server to IFACE, implies -l</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="od">od</h2> ++ ++<p>od [-abcdfhilovxs] [-t TYPE] [-A RADIX] [-N SIZE] [-j SKIP] [-S MINSTR] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default</p> ++ ++<h2 id="openvt">openvt</h2> ++ ++<p>openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Start PROG on a new virtual terminal</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c N Use specified VT ++-s Switch to the VT ++-w Wait for PROG to exit</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="partprobe">partprobe</h2> ++ ++<p>partprobe DEVICE...</p> ++ ++<p>Ask kernel to rescan partition table</p> ++ ++<h2 id="passwd">passwd</h2> ++ ++<p>passwd [-a ALG] [-dlu] [USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Change USER's password (default: current user)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++-d Set password to '' ++-l Lock (disable) account ++-u Unlock (enable) account</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="paste">paste</h2> ++ ++<p>paste [-d LIST] [-s] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab ++-s Serial: one file at a time</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="patch">patch</h2> ++ ++<p>patch [-RNE] [-p N] [-i DIFF] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p N Strip N leading components from file names ++-i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin ++-R Reverse patch ++-N Ignore already applied patches ++-E Remove output files if they become empty ++--dry-run Don't actually change files</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pgrep">pgrep</h2> ++ ++<p>pgrep [-flanovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]</p> ++ ++<p>Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l Show command name too ++-a Show command line too ++-f Match against entire command line ++-n Show the newest process only ++-o Show the oldest process only ++-v Negate the match ++-x Match whole name (not substring) ++-s Match session ID (0 for current) ++-P Match parent process ID</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pidof">pidof</h2> ++ ++<p>pidof [-s] [-o PID] [NAME]...</p> ++ ++<p>List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Show only one PID ++-o PID Omit given pid ++ Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ping">ping</h2> ++ ++<p>ping [OPTIONS] HOST</p> ++ ++<p>Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++-c CNT Send only CNT pings ++-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++-i SECS Interval ++-A Ping as soon as reply is received ++-t TTL Set TTL ++-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++ (after all -c CNT packets are sent) ++-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++ (can exit earlier with -c CNT) ++-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ping6">ping6</h2> ++ ++<p>ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST</p> ++ ++<p>Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c CNT Send only CNT pings ++-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++-i SECS Interval ++-A Ping as soon as reply is received ++-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++ (after all -c CNT packets are sent) ++-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++ (can exit earlier with -c CNT) ++-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pivot_root">pivot_root</h2> ++ ++<p>pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD</p> ++ ++<p>Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the new root file system</p> ++ ++<h2 id="pkill">pkill</h2> ++ ++<p>pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-xfvnoe] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]</p> ++ ++<p>Send signal to processes selected by regex PATTERN</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all signals ++-x Match whole name (not substring) ++-f Match against entire command line ++-s SID Match session ID (0 for current) ++-P PPID Match parent process ID ++-v Negate the match ++-n Signal the newest process only ++-o Signal the oldest process only ++-e Display name and PID of the process being killed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pmap">pmap</h2> ++ ++<p>pmap [-xq] PID...</p> ++ ++<p>Display process memory usage</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-x Show details ++-q Quiet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="popmaildir">popmaildir</h2> ++ ++<p>popmaildir [OPTIONS] MAILDIR [CONN_HELPER ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Skip authorization ++-T Get messages with TOP instead of RETR ++-k Keep retrieved messages on the server ++-t SEC Network timeout ++-F 'PROG ARGS' Filter program (may be repeated) ++-M 'PROG ARGS' Delivery program</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Fetch from plain POP3 server: popmaildir -k DIR nc pop3.server.com 110 <user_and_pass.txt Fetch from SSLed POP3 server and delete fetched emails: popmaildir DIR -- openssl s_client -quiet -connect pop3.server.com:995 <user_and_pass.txt</p> ++ ++<h2 id="poweroff">poweroff</h2> ++ ++<p>poweroff [-d DELAY] [-nf]</p> ++ ++<p>Halt and shut off power</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d SEC Delay interval ++-n Do not sync ++-f Force (don't go through init)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="powertop">powertop</h2> ++ ++<p>powertop</p> ++ ++<p>Analyze power consumption on Intel-based laptops</p> ++ ++<h2 id="printenv">printenv</h2> ++ ++<p>printenv [VARIABLE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print environment VARIABLEs. If no VARIABLE specified, print all.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="printf">printf</h2> ++ ++<p>printf FORMAT [ARG]...</p> ++ ++<p>Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a-la C printf)</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ps">ps</h2> ++ ++<p>ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T]</p> ++ ++<p>Show list of processes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display ++-T Show threads</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pscan">pscan</h2> ++ ++<p>pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT] HOST</p> ++ ++<p>Scan HOST, print all open ports</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Show closed ports too ++-b Show blocked ports too ++-p PORT Scan from this port (default 1) ++-P PORT Scan up to this port (default 1024) ++-t MS Timeout (default 5000 ms) ++-T MS Minimum rtt (default 5 ms)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pstree">pstree</h2> ++ ++<p>pstree [-p] [PID|USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Display process tree, optionally start from USER or PID</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p Show pids</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pwd">pwd</h2> ++ ++<p>pwd</p> ++ ++<p>Print the full filename of the current working directory</p> ++ ++<h2 id="pwdx">pwdx</h2> ++ ++<p>pwdx PID...</p> ++ ++<p>Show current directory for PIDs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="raidautorun">raidautorun</h2> ++ ++<p>raidautorun DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays</p> ++ ++<h2 id="rdate">rdate</h2> ++ ++<p>rdate [-s/-p] HOST</p> ++ ++<p>Set and print time from HOST using RFC 868</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Only set system time ++-p Only print time</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rdev">rdev</h2> ++ ++<p>rdev</p> ++ ++<p>Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="readahead">readahead</h2> ++ ++<p>readahead [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Preload FILEs to RAM</p> ++ ++<h2 id="readlink">readlink</h2> ++ ++<p>readlink [-fnv] FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Display the value of a symlink</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Don't add newline ++-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="readprofile">readprofile</h2> ++ ++<p>readprofile [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MAPFILE (Default: /boot/System.map) ++-p PROFILE (Default: /proc/profile) ++-M NUM Set the profiling multiplier to NUM ++-i Print only info about the sampling step ++-v Verbose ++-a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 ++-b Print individual histogram-bin counts ++-s Print individual counters within functions ++-r Reset all the counters (root only) ++-n Disable byte order auto-detection</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="realpath">realpath</h2> ++ ++<p>realpath FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Print absolute pathnames of FILEs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="reboot">reboot</h2> ++ ++<p>reboot [-d DELAY] [-nf]</p> ++ ++<p>Reboot the system</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d SEC Delay interval ++-n Do not sync ++-f Force (don't go through init)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="reformime">reformime</h2> ++ ++<p>reformime [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Parse MIME-encoded message on stdin</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-x PREFIX Extract content of MIME sections to files ++-X PROG ARGS Filter content of MIME sections through PROG ++ Must be the last option</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Other options are silently ignored</p> ++ ++<h2 id="remove-shell">remove-shell</h2> ++ ++<p>remove-shell SHELL...</p> ++ ++<p>Remove SHELLs from /etc/shells</p> ++ ++<h2 id="renice">renice</h2> ++ ++<p>renice [-n] PRIORITY [[-p|g|u] ID...]...</p> ++ ++<p>Change scheduling priority of a running process</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Add PRIORITY to current nice value ++ Without -n, nice value is set to PRIORITY ++-p Process ids (default) ++-g Process group ids ++-u Process user names</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="reset">reset</h2> ++ ++<p>reset</p> ++ ++<p>Reset terminal (ESC codes) and termios (signals, buffering, echo)</p> ++ ++<h2 id="resize">resize</h2> ++ ++<p>resize</p> ++ ++<p>Resize the screen</p> ++ ++<h2 id="resume">resume</h2> ++ ++<p>resume BLOCKDEV [OFFSET]</p> ++ ++<p>Restore system state from 'suspend-to-disk' data in BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<h2 id="rev">rev</h2> ++ ++<p>rev [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Reverse lines of FILE</p> ++ ++<h2 id="rm">rm</h2> ++ ++<p>rm [-irf] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Remove (unlink) FILEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Always prompt before removing ++-f Never prompt ++-R,-r Recurse</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rmdir">rmdir</h2> ++ ++<p>rmdir [-p] DIRECTORY...</p> ++ ++<p>Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p Include parents ++--ignore-fail-on-non-empty</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rmmod">rmmod</h2> ++ ++<p>rmmod MODULE...</p> ++ ++<p>Unload kernel modules</p> ++ ++<h2 id="route">route</h2> ++ ++<p>route [-ne] [-A inet[6]] [{add|del} [-net|-host] TARGET [netmask MASK] [gw GATEWAY] [metric N] [mss BYTES] [window BYTES] [reject] [IFACE]]</p> ++ ++<p>Show or edit kernel routing tables</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Don't resolve names ++-e Display other/more information ++-A inet[6] Select address family</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rpm">rpm</h2> ++ ++<p>rpm -i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm</p> ++ ++<p>Manipulate RPM packages</p> ++ ++<p>Commands:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Install package ++-qp Query package ++-qpi Show information ++-qpl List contents ++-qpd List documents ++-qpc List config files</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rpm2cpio">rpm2cpio</h2> ++ ++<p>rpm2cpio PACKAGE.rpm</p> ++ ++<p>Output a cpio archive of the rpm file</p> ++ ++<h2 id="rtcwake">rtcwake</h2> ++ ++<p>rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME]</p> ++ ++<p>Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Read clock mode from /etc/adjtime (default) ++-l Clock is set to local time ++-u Clock is set to UTC time ++-d DEV Specify the RTC device ++-m MODE Set sleep state (default: standby) ++-s SEC Set timeout in SEC seconds from now ++-t TIME Set timeout to TIME seconds from epoch</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="run-init">run-init</h2> ++ ++<p>run-init [-d CAP,CAP...] [-n] [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:</p> ++ ++<p>chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch ++-d CAPS Drop capabilities ++-n Dry run</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="run-parts">run-parts</h2> ++ ++<p>run-parts [-a ARG]... [-u UMASK] [--reverse] [--test] [--exit-on-error] [--list] DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<p>Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a ARG Pass ARG as argument to scripts ++-u UMASK Set UMASK before running scripts ++--reverse Reverse execution order ++--test Dry run ++--exit-on-error Exit if a script exits with non-zero ++--list Print names of matching files even if they are not executable</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="runlevel">runlevel</h2> ++ ++<p>runlevel [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Find the current and previous system runlevel</p> ++ ++<p>If no utmp FILE exists or if no runlevel record can be found, print "unknown"</p> ++ ++<h2 id="runsv">runsv</h2> ++ ++<p>runsv DIR</p> ++ ++<p>Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service</p> ++ ++<h2 id="runsvdir">runsvdir</h2> ++ ++<p>runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] DIR</p> ++ ++<p>Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P Put each runsv in a new session ++-s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rx">rx</h2> ++ ++<p>rx FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Receive a file using the xmodem protocol</p> ++ ++<h2 id="script">script</h2> ++ ++<p>script [-afq] [-t[FILE]] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Default OUTFILE is 'typescript'</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Append output ++-c PROG Run PROG, not shell ++-q Quiet ++-t[FILE] Send timing to stderr or FILE</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="scriptreplay">scriptreplay</h2> ++ ++<p>scriptreplay TIMINGFILE [TYPESCRIPT [DIVISOR]]</p> ++ ++<p>Play back typescripts, using timing information</p> ++ ++<h2 id="sed">sed</h2> ++ ++<p>sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] [-f FILE]... [-e CMD]... [FILE]... or: sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] CMD [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed ++-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed ++-i[SFX] Edit files in-place (otherwise write to stdout) ++ Optionally back files up, appending SFX ++-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space ++-r,-E Use extended regex syntax</code></pre> ++ ++<p>If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).</p> ++ ++<h2 id="seedrng">seedrng</h2> ++ ++<p>seedrng [-d DIR] [-n]</p> ++ ++<p>Seed the kernel RNG from seed files</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d DIR Use seed files in DIR (default: /var/lib/seedrng) ++-n Do not credit randomness, even if creditable</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sendmail">sendmail</h2> ++ ++<p>sendmail [-tv] [-f SENDER] [-amLOGIN 4<user_pass.txt | -auUSER -apPASS] [-w SECS] [-H 'PROG ARGS' | -S HOST] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]...</p> ++ ++<p>Read email from stdin and send it</p> ++ ++<p>Standard options:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-t Read additional recipients from message body ++-f SENDER For use in MAIL FROM:<sender>. Can be empty string ++ Default: -auUSER, or username of current UID ++-o OPTIONS Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored ++-i -oi synonym, implied and ignored</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Busybox specific options:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-w SECS Network timeout ++-H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper. Examples: ++ openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25 ++ openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 ++ $SMTP_ANTISPAM_DELAY: seconds to wait after helper connect ++-S HOST[:PORT] Server (default $SMTPHOST or 127.0.0.1) ++-amLOGIN Log in using AUTH LOGIN ++-amPLAIN or AUTH PLAIN ++ (-amCRAM-MD5 not supported) ++-auUSER Username for AUTH ++-apPASS Password for AUTH</code></pre> ++ ++<p>If no -a options are given, authentication is not done. If -amLOGIN is given but no -au/-ap, user/password is read from fd #4. Other options are silently ignored; -oi is implied. Use makemime to create emails with attachments.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="seq">seq</h2> ++ ++<p>seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST</p> ++ ++<p>Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC default to 1.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-w Pad with leading zeros ++-s SEP String separator</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setarch">setarch</h2> ++ ++<p>setarch PERSONALITY [-R] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>PERSONALITY may be:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation ++linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation ++ ++-R Disable address space randomization</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setconsole">setconsole</h2> ++ ++<p>setconsole [-r] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Make writes to /dev/console appear on DEVICE (default: /dev/tty). Does not redirect kernel log output or reads from /dev/console.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r Reset: writes to /dev/console go to kernel log tty(s)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setfattr">setfattr</h2> ++ ++<p>setfattr [-h] -n|-x ATTR [-v VALUE] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Set extended attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Do not follow symlinks ++-x ATTR Remove attribute ATTR ++-n ATTR Set attribute ATTR to VALUE ++-v VALUE (default: empty)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setfont">setfont</h2> ++ ++<p>setfont [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY] FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Load a console font</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MAPFILE Load console screen map ++-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setkeycodes">setkeycodes</h2> ++ ++<p>setkeycodes { SCANCODE KEYCODE }...</p> ++ ++<p>Modify kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.</p> ++ ++<p>SCANCODE is either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), KEYCODE is decimal.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="setlogcons">setlogcons</h2> ++ ++<p>setlogcons [N]</p> ++ ++<p>Pin kernel output to VT console N. Default:0 (do not pin)</p> ++ ++<h2 id="setpriv">setpriv</h2> ++ ++<p>setpriv [OPTIONS] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG with different privilege settings</p> ++ ++<p>-d,--dump Show current capabilities --nnp,--no-new-privs Ignore setuid/setgid bits and file capabilities --inh-caps CAP,CAP Set inheritable capabilities --ambient-caps CAP,CAP Set ambient capabilities</p> ++ ++<h2 id="setserial">setserial</h2> ++ ++<p>setserial [-abGvz] { DEVICE [PARAMETER [ARG]]... | -g DEVICE... }</p> ++ ++<p>Print or set serial port parameters</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Print all ++-b Print summary ++-G Print as setserial PARAMETERs ++-v Verbose ++-z Zero out serial flags before setting ++-g All args are device names</code></pre> ++ ++<p>PARAMETERs: (* = takes ARG, ^ = can be turned off by preceding ^) *port, *irq, *divisor, *uart, *baud_base, *close_delay, *closing_wait, ^fourport, ^auto_irq, ^skip_test, ^sak, ^session_lockout, ^pgrp_lockout, ^callout_nohup, ^split_termios, ^hup_notify, ^low_latency, autoconfig, spd_normal, spd_hi, spd_vhi, spd_shi, spd_warp, spd_cust ARG for uart:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>unknown, 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A, Cirrus, 16650, 16650V2, 16750, ++16950, 16954, 16654, 16850, RSA, NS16550A, XSCALE, RM9000, OCTEON, AR7, ++U6_16550A</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setsid">setsid</h2> ++ ++<p>setsid [-c] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal and will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc).</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Set controlling terminal to stdin</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setuidgid">setuidgid</h2> ++ ++<p>setuidgid USER PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Set uid and gid to USER's uid and gid, drop supplementary group ids, run PROG</p> ++ ++<h2 id="sh">sh</h2> ++ ++<p>sh [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Unix shell interpreter</p> ++ ++<h2 id="sha1sum">sha1sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha1sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA1 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sha256sum">sha256sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha256sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA256 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sha384sum">sha384sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha384sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA384 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sha3sum">sha3sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha3sum [-c[sw]] [-a BITS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA3 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++-a BITS 224 (default), 256, 384, 512</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sha512sum">sha512sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha512sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA512 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="showkey">showkey</h2> ++ ++<p>showkey [-a | -k | -s]</p> ++ ++<p>Show keys pressed</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys ++-k Display interpreted keycodes (default) ++-s Display raw scan-codes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="shred">shred</h2> ++ ++<p>shred [-fuz] [-n N] [-s SIZE] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Overwrite/delete FILEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Chmod to ensure writability ++-s SIZE Size to write ++-n N Overwrite N times (default 3) ++-z Final overwrite with zeros ++-u Remove file</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="shuf">shuf</h2> ++ ++<p>shuf [-n NUM] [-o FILE] [-z] [FILE | -e [ARG...] | -i L-H]</p> ++ ++<p>Randomly permute lines</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n NUM Output at most NUM lines ++-o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output ++-z NUL terminated output ++-e Treat ARGs as lines ++-i L-H Treat numbers L-H as lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="slattach">slattach</h2> ++ ++<p>slattach [-ehmLF] [-c SCRIPT] [-s BAUD] [-p PROTOCOL] SERIAL_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Configure serial line as SLIP network interface</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p PROT Protocol: slip, cslip (default), slip6, clisp6, adaptive ++-s BAUD Line speed ++-e Exit after initialization ++-h Exit if carrier is lost (else never exits) ++-c PROG Run PROG on carrier loss ++-m Do NOT set raw 8bit mode ++-L Enable 3-wire operation ++-F Disable RTS/CTS flow control</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sleep">sleep</h2> ++ ++<p>sleep [N]...</p> ++ ++<p>Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays</p> ++ ++<h2 id="smemcap">smemcap</h2> ++ ++<p>smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR</p> ++ ++<p>Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="softlimit">softlimit</h2> ++ ++<p>softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Set soft resource limits, then run PROG</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments ++ -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES ++ -d BYTES Limit data segment ++ -s BYTES Limit stack segment ++ -l BYTES Limit locked memory size ++ -o N Limit number of open files per process ++ -p N Limit number of processes per uid ++Options controlling file sizes: ++ ++ -f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++ -c BYTES Limit core file size ++Efficiency opts: ++ ++ -r BYTES Limit resident set size ++ -t N Limit CPU time, process receives ++ a SIGXCPU after N seconds</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sort">sort</h2> ++ ++<p>sort [-nrughMcszbdfiokt] [-o FILE] [-k START[.OFS][OPTS][,END[.OFS][OPTS]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Sort lines of text</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o FILE Output to FILE ++-c Check whether input is sorted ++-b Ignore leading blanks ++-f Ignore case ++-i Ignore unprintable characters ++-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) ++-n Sort numbers ++-g General numerical sort ++-h Sort human readable numbers (2K 1G) ++-M Sort month ++-V Sort version ++-t CHAR Field separator ++-k N[,M] Sort by Nth field ++-r Reverse sort order ++-s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) ++-u Suppress duplicate lines ++-z NUL terminated input and output</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="split">split</h2> ++ ++<p>split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b N[k|m] Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes ++-l N Split by N lines ++-a N Use N letters as suffix</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ssl_client">ssl_client</h2> ++ ++<p>ssl_client [-n SNI] { -s FD [-r FD] | HOST | -e PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ssl_server">ssl_server</h2> ++ ++<p>ssl_server -f PRIVKEY_CERT.pem PROG ARGSInetd-style TLS server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f PEMFILE HAProxy-style CRT file</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="start-stop-daemon">start-stop-daemon</h2> ++ ++<p>start-stop-daemon -S|-K [OPTIONS] [-- ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Search for matching processes, and then -S: start a process unless a matching process is found -K: stop all matching processes</p> ++ ++<p>Process matching:</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -u USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes ++ -n NAME Match processes with NAME ++ in comm field in /proc/PID/stat ++ -x EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command ++ in /proc/PID/cmdline ++ -p FILE Match a process with PID from FILE ++ All specified conditions must match ++-S only: ++ -x EXECUTABLE Program to run ++ -a NAME Zeroth argument ++ -b Background ++ -O FILE Append stdout and stderr to FILE ++ -N N Change nice level ++ -c USER[:[GRP]] Change user/group ++ -d DIR Change to DIR ++ -m Write PID to pidfile specified by -p ++-K only: ++ -s SIG Signal to send ++ -t Match only, exit with 0 if found ++Other: ++ ++ -o Exit with status 0 if nothing is done ++ -v Verbose ++ -q Quiet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="stat">stat</h2> ++ ++<p>stat [-ltf] [-c FMT] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Display file (default) or filesystem status</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c FMT Use the specified format ++-f Display filesystem status ++-L Follow links ++-t Terse display</code></pre> ++ ++<p>FMT sequences for files:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>%a Access rights in octal ++%A Access rights in human readable form ++%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) ++%B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b ++%d Device number in decimal ++%D Device number in hex ++%f Raw mode in hex ++%F File type ++%g Group ID ++%G Group name ++%h Number of hard links ++%i Inode number ++%n File name ++%N File name, with -> TARGET if symlink ++%o I/O block size ++%s Total size in bytes ++%t Major device type in hex ++%T Minor device type in hex ++%u User ID ++%U User name ++%x Time of last access ++%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch ++%y Time of last modification ++%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch ++%z Time of last change ++%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch</code></pre> ++ ++<p>FMT sequences for file systems:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>%a Free blocks available to non-superuser ++%b Total data blocks ++%c Total file nodes ++%d Free file nodes ++%f Free blocks ++%i File System ID in hex ++%l Maximum length of filenames ++%n File name ++%s Block size (for faster transfer) ++%S Fundamental block size (for block counts) ++%t Type in hex ++%T Type in human readable form</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="strings">strings</h2> ++ ++<p>strings [-fo] [-t o|d|x] [-n LEN] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Display printable strings in a binary file</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Precede strings with filenames ++-o Precede strings with octal offsets ++-t o|d|x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16 ++-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="stty">stty</h2> ++ ++<p>stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...</p> ++ ++<p>Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin ++-a Print all current settings in human-readable form ++-g Print in stty-readable form ++[SETTING] See manpage</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="su">su</h2> ++ ++<p>su [-lmp] [-s SH] [-] [USER [FILE ARGS | -c 'CMD' [ARG0 ARGS]]]</p> ++ ++<p>Run shell under USER (by default, root)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-,-l Clear environment, go to home dir, run shell as login shell ++-p,-m Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME ++-c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' ++-s SH Shell to use instead of user's default</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sulogin">sulogin</h2> ++ ++<p>sulogin [-t N] [TTY]</p> ++ ++<p>Single user login</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p Start a login shell ++-t SEC Timeout</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sum">sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sum [-rs] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Checksum and count the blocks in a file</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) ++-s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sv">sv</h2> ++ ++<p>sv [-v] [-w SEC] CMD SERVICE_DIR...</p> ++ ++<p>Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only first character is enough):</p> ++ ++<p>status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish if it exists. After it stops, don't restart service exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service</p> ++ ++<h2 id="svc">svc</h2> ++ ++<p>svc [-udopchaitkx] SERVICE_DIR...</p> ++ ++<p>Control services monitored by runsv supervisor</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u If service is not running, start it; restart if it stops ++-d If service is running, send TERM+CONT signals; do not restart it ++-o Once: if service is not running, start it; do not restart it ++-pchaitk Send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, TERM, KILL signal to service ++-x Exit: runsv will exit as soon as the service is down</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="svlogd">svlogd</h2> ++ ++<p>svlogd [-tttv] [-r C] [-R CHARS] [-l MATCHLEN] [-b BUFLEN] DIR...</p> ++ ++<p>Read log data from stdin and write to rotated log files in DIRs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r C Replace non-printable characters with C ++-R CHARS Also replace CHARS with C (default _) ++-t Timestamp with @tai64n ++-tt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss.sssss ++-ttt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sssss ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<p>DIR/config file modifies behavior: sSIZE - when to rotate logs (default 1000000, 0 disables) nNUM - number of files to retain !PROG - process rotated log with PROG +,-PATTERN - (de)select line for logging E,ePATTERN - (de)select line for stderr</p> ++ ++<h2 id="svok">svok</h2> ++ ++<p>svok SERVICE_DIR</p> ++ ++<p>Check whether runsv supervisor is running. Exit code is 0 if it does, 100 if it does not, 111 (with error message) if SERVICE_DIR does not exist.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="swapoff">swapoff</h2> ++ ++<p>swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Stop swapping on DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Stop swapping on all swap devices</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="swapon">swapon</h2> ++ ++<p>swapon [-a] [-e] [-d[POL]] [-p PRI] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Start swapping on DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Start swapping on all swap devices ++-d[POL] Discard blocks at swapon (POL=once), ++ as freed (POL=pages), or both (POL omitted) ++-e Silently skip devices that do not exist ++-p PRI Set swap device priority</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="switch_root">switch_root</h2> ++ ++<p>switch_root [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:</p> ++ ++<p>chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sync">sync</h2> ++ ++<p>sync [-df] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk -d Avoid syncing metadata -f Sync filesystems underlying FILEs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="sysctl">sysctl</h2> ++ ++<p>sysctl [-enq] { -a | -p [FILE]... | [-w] [KEY[=VALUE]]... }</p> ++ ++<p>Show/set kernel parameters</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-e Don't warn about unknown keys ++-n Don't show key names ++-q Quiet ++-a Show all values ++-p Set values from FILEs (default /etc/sysctl.conf) ++-w Set values</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="syslogd">syslogd</h2> ++ ++<p>syslogd [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>System logging utility</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Run in foreground ++-R HOST[:PORT] Log to HOST:PORT (default PORT:514) ++-L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) ++-C[size_kb] Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it) ++-K Log to kernel printk buffer (use dmesg to read it) ++-O FILE Log to FILE (default: /var/log/messages, stdout if -) ++-s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotation (default 200KB, 0=off) ++-b N N rotated logs to keep (default 1, max 99, 0=purge) ++-l N Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) ++-S Smaller output ++-t Strip client-generated timestamps ++-D Drop duplicates ++-f FILE Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tac">tac</h2> ++ ++<p>tac [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tail">tail</h2> ++ ++<p>tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print last 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin) to. With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c [+]N[bkm] Print last N bytes ++-n N[bkm] Print last N lines ++-n +N[bkm] Start on Nth line and print the rest ++ (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++-q Never print headers ++-v Always print headers ++-f Print data as file grows ++-F Same as -f, but keep retrying ++-s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with -f</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tar">tar</h2> ++ ++<p>tar c|x|t [-zJjahmvokO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [-T FILE] [-X FILE] [LONGOPT]... [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Create, extract, or list files from a tar file</p> ++ ++<pre><code>c Create ++x Extract ++t List ++-f FILE Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out) ++-C DIR Change to DIR before operation ++-v Verbose ++-O Extract to stdout ++-m Don't restore mtime ++-o Don't restore user:group ++-k Don't replace existing files ++-z (De)compress using gzip ++-J (De)compress using xz ++-j (De)compress using bzip2 ++--lzma (De)compress using lzma ++-a (De)compress based on extension ++-h Follow symlinks ++-T FILE File with names to include ++-X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude ++--exclude PATTERN Glob pattern to exclude ++--overwrite Replace existing files ++--strip-components NUM NUM of leading components to strip ++--no-recursion Don't descend in directories ++--numeric-owner Use numeric user:group ++--no-same-permissions Don't restore access permissions ++--to-command COMMAND Pipe files to COMMAND</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="taskset">taskset</h2> ++ ++<p>taskset [-ap] [HEXMASK | -c LIST] { PID | PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<p>Set or get CPU affinity</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p Operate on PID ++-a Operate on all threads ++-c Affinity is a list, not mask</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tc">tc</h2> ++ ++<p>tc OBJECT CMD [dev STRING]</p> ++ ++<p>OBJECT: qdisc|class|filter CMD: add|del|change|replace|show</p> ++ ++<p>qdisc [handle QHANDLE] [root|ingress|parent CLASSID] [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS]] QDISC_KIND := [p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc. qdisc show [dev STRING] [ingress] class [classid CLASSID] [root|parent CLASSID] [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS] ] class show [ dev STRING ] [root|parent CLASSID] filter [pref PRIO] [protocol PROTO] [root|classid CLASSID] [handle FILTERID] [[FILTER_TYPE] [help|OPTIONS]] filter show [dev STRING] [root|parent CLASSID]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tcpsvd">tcpsvd</h2> ++ ++<p>tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG</p> ++ ++<p>Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connections. Run PROG for each connection.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++PROG ARGS Program to run ++-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++-b N Allow backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs (default 20) ++-C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP: ++ new connections from this IP address are closed ++ immediately, MSG is written to the peer before close ++-E Don't set up environment ++-h Look up peer's hostname ++-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Environment if no -E: PROTO='TCP' TCPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' for IPv6) TCPLOCALADDR='ip:port' TCPORIGDSTADDR='ip:port' of destination before firewall Useful for REDIRECTed-to-local connections: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to 8080 TCPCONCURRENCY=num_of_connects_from_this_ip If -h: TCPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is used if specified) TCPREMOTEHOST='hostname'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tee">tee</h2> ++ ++<p>tee [-ai] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite ++-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="telnet">telnet</h2> ++ ++<p>telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]</p> ++ ++<p>Connect to telnet server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Automatic login with $USER envvar ++-l USER Automatic login as USER</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="telnetd">telnetd</h2> ++ ++<p>telnetd [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Handle incoming telnet connections</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect (default /bin/login) ++-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue.net ++-K Close connection as soon as login exits ++ (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) ++-p PORT Port to listen on. Default 23 ++-b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to ++-F Run in foreground ++-i Inetd mode ++-w SEC Inetd 'wait' mode, linger time SEC ++ inetd.conf line: 23 stream tcp wait root telnetd telnetd -w10 ++-S Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w) ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tftp">tftp</h2> ++ ++<p>tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]</p> ++ ++<p>Transfer a file from/to tftp server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l FILE Local FILE ++-r FILE Remote FILE ++-g Get file ++-p Put file ++-b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tftpd">tftpd</h2> ++ ++<p>tftpd [-crl] [-u USER] [DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>Transfer a file on tftp client's request</p> ++ ++<p>tftpd is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd -l /files/to/serve Can be run from udpsvd:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve ++ ++-r Prohibit upload ++-c Allow file creation via upload ++-u USER Access files as USER ++-l Log to syslog (inetd mode requires this)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="time">time</h2> ++ ++<p>time [-vpa] [-o FILE] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-p POSIX output format ++-f FMT Custom format ++-o FILE Write result to FILE ++-a Append (else overwrite)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="timeout">timeout</h2> ++ ++<p>timeout [-s SIG] [-k KILL_SECS] SECS PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG. Send SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Default SIG: TERM.If it still exists in KILL_SECS seconds, send KILL.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="top">top</h2> ++ ++<p>top [-bmH] [-n COUNT] [-d SECONDS]</p> ++ ++<p>Show a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show a screenful of them. Keys:</p> ++ ++<pre><code> N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time ++ S: show memory ++ R: reverse sort ++ H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP ++ Q,^C: exit ++Options: ++ ++ -b Batch mode ++ -n N Exit after N iterations ++ -d SEC Delay between updates ++ -m Same as 's' key ++ -H Show threads</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="touch">touch</h2> ++ ++<p>touch [-cham] [-d DATE] [-t DATE] [-r FILE] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Update mtime of FILEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Don't create files ++-h Don't follow links ++-a Change only atime ++-m Change only mtime ++-d DT Date/time to use ++-t DT Date/time to use ++-r FILE Use FILE's date/time</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tr">tr</h2> ++ ++<p>tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]</p> ++ ++<p>Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Take complement of STRING1 ++-d Delete input characters coded STRING1 ++-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="traceroute">traceroute</h2> ++ ++<p>traceroute [-46IFlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Trace the route to HOST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++-F Set don't fragment bit ++-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++-l Display TTL value of the returned packet ++-n Print numeric addresses ++-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++-v Verbose ++-f N First number of hops (default 1) ++-m N Max number of hops ++-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++-p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++ (default 33434) ++-s IP Source address ++-i IFACE Source interface ++-t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) ++-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++-z MSEC Wait before each send</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="traceroute6">traceroute6</h2> ++ ++<p>traceroute6 [-Inrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Trace the route to HOST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++-n Print numeric addresses ++-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++-v Verbose ++-f N First number of hops (default 1) ++-m N Max number of hops ++-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++-p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++ (default 33434) ++-s IP Source address ++-i IFACE Source interface ++-t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) ++-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++-z MSEC Wait before each send</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="truncate">truncate</h2> ++ ++<p>truncate [-c] -s SIZE FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Truncate FILEs to SIZE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Do not create files ++-s SIZE</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ts">ts</h2> ++ ++<p>ts [-is] [STRFTIME]</p> ++ ++<p>Pipe stdin to stdout, add timestamp to each line</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Time since start ++-i Time since previous line</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tsort">tsort</h2> ++ ++<p>tsort [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Topological sort</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tty">tty</h2> ++ ++<p>tty [-s]</p> ++ ++<p>Print file name of stdin's terminal</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Print nothing, only return exit status</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ttysize">ttysize</h2> ++ ++<p>ttysize [w] [h]</p> ++ ++<p>Print dimensions of stdin tty, or 80x24</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tunctl">tunctl</h2> ++ ++<p>tunctl [-f DEVICE] [-t NAME | -d NAME] [-u USER] [-g GRP] [-b]</p> ++ ++<p>Create or delete TUN/TAP interfaces</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f DEV TUN device (default /dev/net/tun) ++-t NAME Create iface (default: tapN) ++-d NAME Delete iface ++-u USER Set iface owner ++-g GRP Set iface group ++-b Brief output</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubiattach">ubiattach</h2> ++ ++<p>ubiattach -m MTD_NUM [-d UBI_NUM] [-O VID_HDR_OFF] UBI_CTRL_DEV</p> ++ ++<p>Attach MTD device to UBI</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MTD_NUM MTD device number to attach ++-d UBI_NUM UBI device number to assign ++-O VID_HDR_OFF VID header offset</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubidetach">ubidetach</h2> ++ ++<p>ubidetach -d UBI_NUM UBI_CTRL_DEV</p> ++ ++<p>Detach MTD device from UBI</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d UBI_NUM UBI device number</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubimkvol">ubimkvol</h2> ++ ++<p>ubimkvol -N NAME [-s SIZE | -m] UBI_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Create UBI volume</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a ALIGNMENT Volume alignment (default 1) ++-m Set volume size to maximum available ++-n VOLID Volume ID. If not specified, ++ assigned automatically ++-N NAME Volume name ++-s SIZE Size in bytes ++-t TYPE Volume type (static|dynamic)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubirename">ubirename</h2> ++ ++<p>ubirename UBI_DEVICE OLD_VOLNAME NEW_VOLNAME [OLD2 NEW2]...</p> ++ ++<p>Rename UBI volumes on UBI_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ubirmvol">ubirmvol</h2> ++ ++<p>ubirmvol -n VOLID | -N VOLNAME UBI_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Remove UBI volume</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n VOLID Volume ID ++-N VOLNAME Volume name</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubirsvol">ubirsvol</h2> ++ ++<p>ubirsvol -n VOLID -s SIZE UBI_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Resize UBI volume</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n VOLID Volume ID ++-s SIZE Size in bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubiupdatevol">ubiupdatevol</h2> ++ ++<p>ubiupdatevol -t UBI_DEVICE | [-s SIZE] UBI_DEVICE IMG_FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Update UBI volume</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-t Truncate to zero size ++-s SIZE Size in bytes to resize to</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="udhcpc">udhcpc</h2> ++ ++<p>udhcpc [-fbqvRB] [-a[MSEC]] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC|-n] [-i IFACE] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-oC] [-r IP] [-V VENDOR] [-F NAME] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) ++ -p FILE Create pidfile ++ -B Request broadcast replies ++ -t N Send up to N discover packets (default 3) ++ -T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++ -A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++ -b Background if lease is not obtained ++ -n Exit if lease is not obtained ++ -q Exit after obtaining lease ++ -R Release IP on exit ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -a[MSEC] Validate offered address with ARP ping ++ -r IP Request this IP address ++ -o Don't request any options (unless -O is given) ++ -O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++ -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++ Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++ -x hostname:bbox - option 12 ++ -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) ++ -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) ++ -x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted) ++ -F NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME ++ -V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION') ++ -C Don't send MAC as client identifier ++ -v Verbose ++Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Renew lease ++ USR2 Release lease</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="udhcpc6">udhcpc6</h2> ++ ++<p>udhcpc6 [-fbqvR] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC|-n] [-i IFACE] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-mldo] [-r IPv6] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -p FILE Create pidfile ++ -s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default6.script) ++ -t N Send up to N discover packets ++ -T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++ -A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++ -b Background if lease is not obtained ++ -n Exit if lease is not obtained ++ -q Exit after obtaining lease ++ -R Release IP on exit ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -m Send multicast renew requests rather than unicast ones ++ -l Send 'information request' instead of 'solicit' ++ (used for servers which do not assign IPv6 addresses) ++ -r IPv6 Request this address ('no' to not request any IP) ++ -d Request prefix ++ -o Don't request any options (unless -O is given) ++ -O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++ -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++ Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++ -x hostname:bbox - option 12 ++ -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) ++ -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) ++ -x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted) ++ -v Verbose ++Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Renew lease ++ USR2 Release lease</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="udhcpd">udhcpd</h2> ++ ++<p>udhcpd [-fS] [-I ADDR] [-a MSEC] [CONFFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>DHCP server</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -I ADDR Local address ++ -a MSEC Timeout for ARP ping (default 2000) ++Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Update lease file</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="udpsvd">udpsvd</h2> ++ ++<p>udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG</p> ++ ++<p>Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets. Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same peer ip:port to it.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++PROG ARGS Program to run ++-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++-E Don't set up environment ++-h Look up peer's hostname ++-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Environment if no -E: PROTO='UDP' UDPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' for IPv6) UDPLOCALADDR='ip:port' If -h: UDPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is used if specified) UDPREMOTEHOST='hostname'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="uevent">uevent</h2> ++ ++<p>uevent [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>uevent runs PROG for every netlink notification. PROG's environment contains data passed from the kernel. Typical usage (daemon for dynamic device node creation): # uevent mdev & mdev -s</p> ++ ++<h2 id="umount">umount</h2> ++ ++<p>umount [-rlfda] [-t FSTYPE] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<p>Unmount filesystems</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Unmount all filesystems ++-r Remount devices read-only if mount is busy ++-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) ++-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) ++-d Free loop device if it has been used ++-t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="uname">uname</h2> ++ ++<p>uname [-amnrspvio]</p> ++ ++<p>Print system information</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Print all ++-m Machine (hardware) type ++-n Hostname ++-r Kernel release ++-s Kernel name (default) ++-p Processor type ++-v Kernel version ++-i Hardware platform ++-o OS name</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unexpand">unexpand</h2> ++ ++<p>unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Convert all blanks ++-f Convert only leading blanks ++-t N Tabstops every N chars</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="uniq">uniq</h2> ++ ++<p>uniq [-cduiz] [-f,s,w N] [FILE [OUTFILE]]</p> ++ ++<p>Discard duplicate lines</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences ++-d Only print duplicate lines ++-u Only print unique lines ++-i Ignore case ++-z NUL terminated output ++-f N Skip first N fields ++-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) ++-w N Compare N characters in line</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unix2dos">unix2dos</h2> ++ ++<p>unix2dos [-ud] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u dos2unix ++-d unix2dos</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unlink">unlink</h2> ++ ++<p>unlink FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Delete FILE by calling unlink()</p> ++ ++<h2 id="unlzma">unlzma</h2> ++ ++<p>unlzma [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unshare">unshare</h2> ++ ++<p>unshare [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m,--mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace ++-u,--uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.) ++-i,--ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace ++-n,--net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace ++-p,--pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace ++-U,--user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace ++-f Fork before execing PROG ++-r Map current user to root (implies -U) ++--mount-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies -m) ++--propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged ++ Modify mount propagation in mount namespace ++--setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unxz">unxz</h2> ++ ++<p>unxz [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unzip">unzip</h2> ++ ++<p>unzip [-lnojpqK] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [-x FILE]... [-d DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>Extract FILEs from ZIP archive</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List contents (with -q for short form) ++-n Never overwrite files (default: ask) ++-o Overwrite ++-j Do not restore paths ++-p Write to stdout ++-t Test ++-q Quiet ++-K Do not clear SUID bit ++-x FILE Exclude FILEs ++-d DIR Extract into DIR</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="uptime">uptime</h2> ++ ++<p>uptime</p> ++ ++<p>Display the time since the last boot</p> ++ ++<h2 id="users">users</h2> ++ ++<p>users</p> ++ ++<p>Print the users currently logged on</p> ++ ++<h2 id="usleep">usleep</h2> ++ ++<p>usleep N</p> ++ ++<p>Pause for N microseconds</p> ++ ++<h2 id="uudecode">uudecode</h2> ++ ++<p>uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Uudecode a file Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless -o is given</p> ++ ++<h2 id="uuencode">uuencode</h2> ++ ++<p>uuencode [-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME</p> ++ ++<p>Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="uuidgen">uuidgen</h2> ++ ++<p>uuidgen</p> ++ ++<p>Generate a random UUID</p> ++ ++<h2 id="vconfig">vconfig</h2> ++ ++<p>vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Create and remove virtual ethernet devices</p> ++ ++<pre><code>add IFACE VLAN_ID ++rem VLAN_NAME ++set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS ++set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++set_name_type NAME_TYPE</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="vi">vi</h2> ++ ++<p>vi [-c CMD] [-R] [-H] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Edit FILE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT and ~/.exrc also available) ++-R Read-only ++-H List available features</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="vlock">vlock</h2> ++ ++<p>vlock [-a]</p> ++ ++<p>Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Lock all VTs</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="vmstat">vmstat</h2> ++ ++<p>vmstat [-n] [INTERVAL [COUNT]]</p> ++ ++<p>Show virtual memory statistics</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Show header once</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="volname">volname</h2> ++ ++<p>volname [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)</p> ++ ++<h2 id="w">w</h2> ++ ++<p>w</p> ++ ++<p>Show who is logged on</p> ++ ++<h2 id="wall">wall</h2> ++ ++<p>wall [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Write content of FILE or stdin to all logged-in users</p> ++ ++<h2 id="watch">watch</h2> ++ ++<p>watch [-n SEC] [-tx] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG periodically</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n SEC Period (default 2) ++-t Don't print header ++-x exec(PROG,ARGS) instead of sh -c 'PROG ARGS'</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="watchdog">watchdog</h2> ++ ++<p>watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV</p> ++ ++<p>Periodically write to watchdog device DEV</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) ++-t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) ++-F Run in foreground</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds</p> ++ ++<h2 id="wc">wc</h2> ++ ++<p>wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Count lines, words, and bytes for FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Count bytes ++-m Count characters ++-l Count newlines ++-w Count words ++-L Print longest line length</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="wget">wget</h2> ++ ++<p>wget [-cqS] [--spider] [-O FILE] [-o LOGFILE] [--header STR] [--post-data STR | --post-file FILE] [-Y on/off] [--no-check-certificate] [-P DIR] [-U AGENT] [-T SEC] URL...</p> ++ ++<p>Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>--spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists ++--header STR Add STR (of form 'header: value') to headers ++--post-data STR Send STR using POST method ++--post-file FILE Send FILE using POST method ++--no-check-certificate Don't validate the server's certificate ++-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer ++-q Quiet ++-P DIR Save to DIR (default .) ++-S Show server response ++-T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds ++-O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout) ++-o LOGFILE Log messages to FILE ++-U STR Use STR for User-Agent header ++-Y on/off Use proxy</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="which">which</h2> ++ ++<p>which [-a] COMMAND...</p> ++ ++<p>Locate COMMAND</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Show all matches</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="who">who</h2> ++ ++<p>who [-aH]</p> ++ ++<p>Show who is logged on</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Show all ++-H Print column headers</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="whoami">whoami</h2> ++ ++<p>whoami</p> ++ ++<p>Print the user name associated with the current effective user id</p> ++ ++<h2 id="whois">whois</h2> ++ ++<p>whois [-i] [-h SERVER] [-p PORT] NAME...</p> ++ ++<p>Query WHOIS info about NAME</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Show redirect results too ++-h,-p Server to query</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="xargs">xargs</h2> ++ ++<p>xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG on every item given by stdin</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-0 NUL terminated input ++-a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++-o Reopen stdin as /dev/tty ++-r Don't run command if input is empty ++-t Print the command on stderr before execution ++-p Ask user whether to run each command ++-E STR,-e[STR] STR stops input processing ++-I STR Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line ++-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG ++-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes ++-P N Run up to N PROGs in parallel ++-x Exit if size is exceeded</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="xxd">xxd</h2> ++ ++<p>xxd [-ri] [-ps] [-g N] [-c N] [-l LEN] [-s OFS] [-o OFS] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Hex dump FILE (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-g N Bytes per group (default 2) ++-c N Bytes per line (default:16, -ps:30, -i:12) ++-ps Show only hex bytes (no offset/spaces) ++-i C include file style ++-l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes ++-o OFFSET Add OFFSET to displayed offset ++-r Reverse (with -p, assumes no offsets in input)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="xz">xz</h2> ++ ++<p>xz -d [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="xzcat">xzcat</h2> ++ ++<p>xzcat [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="yes">yes</h2> ++ ++<p>yes [STRING]</p> ++ ++<p>Repeatedly print a line with STRING, or 'y'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="zcat">zcat</h2> ++ ++<p>zcat [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="zcip">zcip</h2> ++ ++<p>zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT</p> ++ ++<p>Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Run in foreground ++-q Quit after obtaining address ++-r 169.254.x.x Request this address first ++-l x.x.0.0 Use this range instead of 169.254 ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<p>$LOGGING=none Suppress logging $LOGGING=syslog Log to syslog</p> ++ ++<p>With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits only on I/O errors (link down etc)</p> ++ ++<h1 id="LIBC-NSS">LIBC NSS</h1> ++ ++<p>GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.</p> ++ ++<p>If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.</p> ++ ++<p>When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).</p> ++ ++<p>Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.</p> ++ ++<h1 id="MAINTAINER">MAINTAINER</h1> ++ ++<p>Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com></p> ++ ++<h1 id="AUTHORS">AUTHORS</h1> ++ ++<p>The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.</p> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it></p> ++ ++<pre><code>run-parts</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the ++core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. ++Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that ++nobody is going to actually read.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk></p> ++ ++<pre><code>rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>ftpput, ftpget</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Edward Betts <edward@debian.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>expr, hostid, logname, whoami</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>du, nslookup, sort</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>tiny-ls(ls)</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>fbset, ping, hostname</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, ++various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net></p> ++ ++<pre><code>ipcalc</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se></p> ++ ++<pre><code>tftp client insmod powerpc support</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov></p> ++ ++<pre><code>pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>httpd</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, ++logread), various fixes.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>mktemp.c</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu></p> ++ ++<pre><code>documentation, bugfixes, test suite</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net></p> ++ ++<pre><code>ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>tr</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, ++nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. ++Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, ++mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, ++get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines ++ ++also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in ++ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, ++mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, ++interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru></p> ++ ++<pre><code>cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); ++ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; ++locale, various fixes ++and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can ++still be found hiding here and there...</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>bug fixes, member of fan club</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Lots of bugs fixes and patches.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Remote logging feature for syslogd</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), ++style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>gzip, mini-netcat(nc)</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es></p> ++ ++<pre><code>tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it></p> ++ ++<pre><code>devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us></p> ++ ++<pre><code>vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name></p> ++ ++<pre><code>port: dnsd</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>misc</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)</code></pre> ++ ++ ++</body> ++ ++</html> ++ ++ +diff --color -ruN busybox-1.38.0/docs/BusyBox.txt modified-busybox/docs/BusyBox.txt +--- busybox-1.38.0/docs/BusyBox.txt 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 ++++ modified-busybox/docs/BusyBox.txt 2026-06-04 00:42:45.404846830 +0200 +@@ -0,0 +1,4706 @@ ++NAME ++ BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux ++ ++SYNTAX ++ busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or ++ ++ <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked ++ ++DESCRIPTION ++ BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a ++ single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of ++ the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The ++ utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their ++ full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included ++ provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU ++ counterparts. ++ ++ BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in ++ mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude ++ commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize ++ your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, ++ and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment ++ for any small or embedded system. ++ ++ BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the ++ components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or ++ 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. ++ Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration. ++ ++ After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install ++ BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target ++ directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when ++ configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at ++ install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make ++ CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation ++ scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed ++ in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX. ++ ++USAGE ++ BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable ++ program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. ++ That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary ++ acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller ++ since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share ++ code for many common operations. ++ ++ You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the ++ command line. For example, entering ++ ++ /bin/busybox ls ++ ++ will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. ++ ++ Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So ++ most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary. ++ ++ For example, entering ++ ++ ln -s /bin/busybox ls ++ ./ls ++ ++ will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been ++ compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to ++ make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this ++ for you when you run the 'make install' command. ++ ++ If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list ++ of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary. ++ ++COMMON OPTIONS ++ Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse ++ runtime description of their behavior. If the ++ CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed ++ usage information will also be available. ++ ++COMMANDS ++ Currently available applets include: ++ ++ [, [[, acpid, add-shell, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, arch, arp, arping, ++ ascii, ash, awk, base32, base64, basename, bc, beep, blkdiscard, blkid, ++ blockdev, bootchartd, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, chat, ++ chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum, ++ clear, cmp, comm, conspy, cp, cpio, crc32, crond, crontab, cryptpw, ++ cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, ++ devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname, ++ dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, ++ eject, env, envdir, envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, factor, ++ fakeidentd, fallocate, false, fatattr, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush, ++ fdformat, fdisk, fgconsole, fgrep, find, findfs, flock, fold, free, ++ freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ++ ftpput, fuser, getfattr, getopt, getty, grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, ++ halt, hd, hdparm, head, hexdump, hexedit, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, ++ hwclock, i2cdetect, i2cdump, i2cget, i2cset, i2ctransfer, id, ifconfig, ++ ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, install, ionice, ++ iostat, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, ipneigh, iproute, ++ iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, last, less, ++ link, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, ++ logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lsblk, lsmod, ++ lsof, lspci, lsscsi, lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, makedevs, makemime, man, ++ md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mim, mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, ++ mkfs.ext2, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, ++ modinfo, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat, mt, mv, nameif, ++ nanddump, nandwrite, nbd-client, nc, netstat, nice, nl, nmeter, nohup, ++ nologin, nproc, nsenter, nslookup, ntpd, od, openvt, partprobe, passwd, ++ paste, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, pivot_root, ++ pkill, pmap, popmaildir, poweroff, powertop, printenv, printf, ps, ++ pscan, pstree, pwd, pwdx, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readahead, readlink, ++ readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime, remove-shell, renice, reset, ++ resize, resume, rev, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake, ++ run-init, run-parts, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, ++ scriptreplay, sed, seedrng, sendmail, seq, setarch, setconsole, ++ setfattr, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setpriv, setserial, setsid, ++ setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha3sum, sha512sum, ++ showkey, shred, shuf, slattach, sleep, smemcap, softlimit, sort, split, ++ ssl_client, ssl_server, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, ++ sulogin, sum, sv, svc, svlogd, svok, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, ++ sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, taskset, tc, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, ++ telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, ++ traceroute6, tree, true, truncate, ts, tsort, tty, ttysize, tunctl, ++ ubiattach, ubidetach, ubimkvol, ubirename, ubirmvol, ubirsvol, ++ ubiupdatevol, udhcpc, udhcpc6, udhcpd, udpsvd, uevent, umount, uname, ++ unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlink, unlzma, unshare, unxz, unzip, uptime, ++ users, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, uuidgen, vconfig, vi, vlock, vmstat, ++ volname, w, wall, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, whois, ++ xargs, xxd, xz, xzcat, yes, zcat, zcip ++ ++COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS ++ acpid ++ acpid [-df] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-a ACTIONFILE] [-M MAPFILE] [-e ++ PROC_EVENT_FILE] [-p PIDFILE] ++ ++ Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival ++ ++ -d Log to stderr, not log file (implies -f) ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] ++ -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] ++ -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log] ++ -p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid] ++ -a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf] ++ -M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map] ++ ++ Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v ++ ++ add-shell ++ add-shell SHELL... ++ ++ Add SHELLs to /etc/shells ++ ++ addgroup ++ addgroup [-g GID] [-S] [USER] GROUP ++ ++ Add a group or add a user to a group ++ ++ -g GID Group id ++ -S Create a system group ++ ++ adduser ++ adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP] ++ ++ Create new user, or add USER to GROUP ++ ++ -h DIR Home directory ++ -g GECOS GECOS field ++ -s SHELL Login shell ++ -G GRP Group ++ -S Create a system user ++ -D Don't assign a password ++ -H Don't create home directory ++ -u UID User id ++ -k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel) ++ ++ adjtimex ++ adjtimex [-q] [-o OFS] [-f FREQ] [-p TCONST] [-t TICK] ++ ++ Read or set kernel time variables. See adjtimex(2) ++ ++ -q Quiet ++ -o OFF Time offset, microseconds ++ -f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) ++ -t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 ++ (positive -t or -f values make clock run faster) ++ -p TCONST ++ ++ arch ++ arch ++ ++ Print system architecture ++ ++ arp ++ arp [-vn] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -a [HOSTNAME] [-v] [-i IF] -d HOSTNAME ++ [pub] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [temp] [-v] [-H ++ HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask MASK] pub [-v] [-H HWTYPE] ++ [-i IF] -Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask MASK] pub ++ ++ Manipulate ARP cache ++ ++ -a Display (all) hosts ++ -d Delete ARP entry ++ -s Set new entry ++ -v Verbose ++ -n Don't resolve names ++ -i IF Network interface ++ -D Read HWADDR from IFACE ++ -A,-p AF Protocol family ++ -H HWTYPE Hardware address type ++ ++ arping ++ arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP] DST_IP ++ ++ Send ARP requests/replies ++ ++ -f Quit on first ARP reply ++ -q Quiet ++ -b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast ++ -D Exit with 1 if DST_IP replies ++ -U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors ++ -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors ++ -c N Stop after sending N ARP requests ++ -w TIMEOUT Seconds to wait for ARP reply ++ -I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -s SRC_IP Sender IP address ++ DST_IP Target IP address ++ ++ ash ++ ash [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ++ ARGS | -s ARGS] ++ ++ Unix shell interpreter ++ ++ awk ++ awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]... ++ ++ -v VAR=VAL Set variable ++ -F SEP Use SEP as field separator ++ -f/-E FILE Read program from FILE ++ -e AWK_PROGRAM ++ ++ base32 ++ base32 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE] ++ ++ Base32 encode or decode FILE to standard output ++ ++ -d Decode data ++ -w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables) ++ ++ base64 ++ base64 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE] ++ ++ Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output ++ ++ -d Decode data ++ -w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables) ++ ++ basename ++ basename FILE [SUFFIX] | -a FILE... | -s SUFFIX FILE... ++ ++ Strip directory path and SUFFIX from FILE ++ ++ -a All arguments are FILEs ++ -s SUFFIX Remove SUFFIX (implies -a) ++ ++ bc ++ bc [-sqlw] [FILE]... ++ ++ Arbitrary precision calculator ++ ++ -q Quiet ++ -l Load standard library ++ -s Be POSIX compatible ++ -w Warn if extensions are used ++ ++ $BC_LINE_LENGTH changes output width ++ ++ beep ++ beep -f FREQ -l LEN -d DELAY -r COUNT -n ++ ++ -f Frequency in Hz ++ -l Length in ms ++ -d Delay in ms ++ -r Repetitions ++ -n Start new tone ++ ++ blkdiscard ++ blkdiscard [-o OFS] [-l LEN] [-s] DEVICE ++ ++ Discard sectors on DEVICE ++ ++ -o OFS Byte offset into device ++ -l LEN Number of bytes to discard ++ -s Perform a secure discard ++ ++ blkid ++ blkid [BLOCKDEV]... ++ ++ Print UUIDs of all filesystems ++ ++ blockdev ++ blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV ++ ++ --setro Set ro ++ --setrw Set rw ++ --getro Get ro ++ --getss Get sector size ++ --getbsz Get block size ++ --setbsz BYTES Set block size ++ --getsz Get device size in 512-byte sectors ++ --getsize64 Get device size in bytes ++ --getra Get readahead in 512-byte sectors ++ --setra SECTORS Set readahead ++ --flushbufs Flush buffers ++ --rereadpt Reread partition table ++ ++ bootchartd ++ bootchartd start [PROG ARGS]|stop|init ++ ++ Create /var/log/bootchart.tgz with boot chart data ++ ++ start: start background logging; with PROG, run PROG, then kill logging ++ with USR1 stop: send USR1 to all bootchartd processes init: start ++ background logging; stop when getty/xdm is seen (for init scripts) Under ++ PID 1: as init, then exec $bootchart_init, /init, /sbin/init ++ ++ brctl ++ brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [ARGS]] ++ ++ Manage ethernet bridges Commands: ++ ++ show [BRIDGE]... Show bridges ++ addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE ++ delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE ++ addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE ++ delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE ++ showmacs BRIDGE List MAC addresses ++ showstp BRIDGE Show STP info ++ stp BRIDGE 1/yes/on|0/no/off Set STP on/off ++ setageing BRIDGE SECONDS Set ageing time ++ setfd BRIDGE SECONDS Set bridge forward delay ++ sethello BRIDGE SECONDS Set hello time ++ setmaxage BRIDGE SECONDS Set max message age ++ setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority ++ setportprio BRIDGE IFACE PRIO Set port priority ++ setpathcost BRIDGE IFACE COST Set path cost ++ ++ bunzip2 ++ bunzip2 [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++ bzcat ++ bzcat [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress to stdout ++ ++ bzip2 ++ bzip2 [-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]... ++ ++ Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm ++ ++ -1..9 Compression level ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++ cal ++ cal [-jmy] [[MONTH] YEAR] ++ ++ Display a calendar ++ ++ -j Use julian dates ++ -m Week starts on Monday ++ -y Display the entire year ++ ++ cat ++ cat [-nbvteA] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print FILEs to stdout ++ ++ -n Number output lines ++ -b Number nonempty lines ++ -v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x ++ -t ...and tabs as ^I ++ -e ...and end lines with $ ++ -A Same as -vte ++ ++ chat ++ chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND]]...] ++ ++ Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A script ++ consists of "expect-send" argument pairs. Example: ++ ++ chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~' ++ ++ chattr ++ chattr [-R] [-v VERSION] [-p PROJID] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] FILE... ++ ++ Change ext2 file attributes ++ ++ -R Recurse ++ -v NUM Set version/generation number ++ -p NUM Set project number ++ Modifiers: ++ ++ -,+,= Remove/add/set attributes ++ Attributes: ++ ++ A No atime ++ a Append only ++ C No copy-on-write ++ c Compressed ++ D Synchronous dir updates ++ d Don't backup with dump ++ E Encrypted ++ e File uses extents ++ F Case-insensitive dir ++ I Indexed dir ++ i Immutable ++ j Write data to journal first ++ N File is stored in inode ++ P Hierarchical project ID dir ++ S Synchronous file updates ++ s Zero storage when deleted ++ T Top of dir hierarchy ++ t Don't tail-merge with other files ++ u Allow undelete ++ V Verity ++ ++ chgrp ++ chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE... ++ ++ Change the group membership of FILEs to GROUP ++ ++ -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++ -L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++ -H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++ -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) ++ -R Recurse ++ -c List changed files ++ -v Verbose ++ -f Hide errors ++ ++ chmod ++ chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... ++ ++ MODE is octal number (bit pattern sstrwxrwxrwx) or [ugoa]{+|-|=}[rwxXst] ++ ++ -R Recurse ++ -c List changed files ++ -v Verbose ++ -f Hide errors ++ ++ chown ++ chown [-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[GRP]] FILE... ++ ++ Change the owner and/or group of FILEs to USER and/or GRP ++ ++ -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++ -L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++ -H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++ -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) ++ -R Recurse ++ -c List changed files ++ -v Verbose ++ -f Hide errors ++ ++ chpasswd ++ chpasswd [-me] [-c ALG] [-R DIR] ++ ++ Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd ++ ++ -e Supplied passwords are in encrypted form ++ -m Encrypt using md5, not des ++ -c ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++ -R DIR Directory to chroot into ++ ++ chpst ++ chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] [-/ DIR] [-n ++ NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] PROG ++ ARGS ++ ++ Change the process state, run PROG ++ ++ -u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid ++ -U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment ++ -e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files ++ in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file ++ -/ DIR Chroot to DIR ++ -n NICE Add NICE to nice value ++ -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES ++ -d BYTES Limit data segment ++ -o N Limit number of open files per process ++ -p N Limit number of processes per uid ++ -f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++ -c BYTES Limit core file size ++ -v Verbose ++ -P Create new process group ++ -0 Close stdin ++ -1 Close stdout ++ -2 Close stderr ++ ++ chroot ++ chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT ++ ++ chrt ++ chrt -m | [-rfobi] { -p [PRIO] PID | PRIO PROG ARGS } ++ ++ Change scheduling priority and class (default RR) for a process ++ ++ -m Show min/max priorities ++ -p Operate on PID ++ -r Set SCHED_RR class ++ -f Set SCHED_FIFO class ++ -o Set SCHED_OTHER class ++ -b Set SCHED_BATCH class ++ -i Set SCHED_IDLE class ++ ++ chvt ++ chvt N ++ ++ Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN ++ ++ cksum ++ cksum FILE... ++ ++ Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs ++ ++ clear ++ clear ++ ++ Clear screen ++ ++ cmp ++ cmp [-l|s] [-n NUM] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]] ++ ++ Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin) ++ ++ -l Show decimal offset and octal byte value for differing bytes, ++ don't stop on first mismatch ++ -s Quiet ++ -n NUM Compare at most NUM bytes ++ ++ comm ++ comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2 ++ ++ Compare FILE1 with FILE2 ++ ++ -1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 ++ -2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 ++ -3 Suppress lines common to both files ++ ++ conspy ++ conspy [-vcsndfFQ] [-x COL] [-y LINE] [CONSOLE_NO] ++ ++ A text-mode VNC like program for Linux virtual consoles. To exit, ++ quickly press ESC 3 times. ++ ++ -v Don't send keystrokes to the console ++ -c Create missing /dev/{tty,vcsa}N ++ -s Open a SHELL session ++ -n Black & white ++ -d Dump console to stdout ++ -f Follow cursor ++ -F Assume console is on a framebuffer device ++ -Q Disable exit on ESC-ESC-ESC ++ -x COL Starting column ++ -y LINE Starting line ++ ++ cp ++ cp [-arPLHpfinlsTu] SOURCE DEST or: cp [-arPLHpfinlsu] SOURCE... { -t ++ DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY } ++ ++ Copy SOURCEs to DEST ++ ++ -a Same as -dpR ++ -R,-r Recurse ++ -d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R) ++ -L Follow all symlinks ++ -H Follow symlinks on command line ++ -p Preserve file attributes if possible ++ -f Overwrite ++ -i Prompt before overwrite ++ -n Don't overwrite ++ -l,-s Create (sym)links ++ -T Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory ++ -t DIR Copy all SOURCEs into DIR ++ -u Copy only newer files ++ ++ cpio ++ cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-R USER[:GRP]] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR] ++ [EXTR_FILE]... ++ ++ Extract (-i) or list (-t) files from a cpio archive on stdin, or take ++ file list from stdin and create an archive (-o) or copy files (-p) ++ ++ Main operation mode: ++ ++ -t List ++ -i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all) ++ -o Create (requires -H newc) ++ -p DIR Copy files to DIR ++ Options: ++ ++ -H newc Archive format ++ -d Make leading directories ++ -m Restore mtime ++ -v Verbose ++ -u Overwrite ++ -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file ++ -R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files ++ -L Dereference symlinks ++ -0 NUL terminated input ++ --ignore-devno ++ --renumber-inodes ++ ++ crc32 ++ crc32 FILE... ++ ++ Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs ++ ++ crond ++ crond [-fbS] [-l N] [-d N] [-L LOGFILE] [-c DIR] ++ ++ -f Foreground ++ -b Background (default) ++ -S Log to syslog (default) ++ -l N Set log level. Most verbose 0, default 8 ++ -d N Set log level, log to stderr ++ -L FILE Log to FILE ++ -c DIR Cron dir. Default:/var/spool/cron/crontabs ++ ++ crontab ++ crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE] ++ ++ -c Crontab directory ++ -u User ++ -l List crontab ++ -e Edit crontab ++ -r Delete crontab ++ FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin) ++ ++ cryptpw ++ cryptpw [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT] ++ ++ Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD ++ ++ -P N Read password from fd N ++ -m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++ -S SALT ++ ++ cttyhack ++ cttyhack [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. Example for /etc/inittab (for ++ busybox init): ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh Giving controlling tty to ++ shell running with PID 1: $ exec cttyhack sh Starting interactive shell ++ from boot shell script: ++ ++ setsid cttyhack sh ++ ++ cut ++ cut {-b|c LIST | -f|F LIST [-d SEP] [-s]} [-D] [-O SEP] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print selected fields from FILEs to stdout ++ ++ -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST ++ -c LIST Output only characters from LIST ++ -d SEP Input field delimiter (default -f TAB, -F run of whitespace) ++ -f LIST Print only these fields (-d is single char) ++ -F LIST Print only these fields (-d is regex) ++ -s Drop lines with no delimiter (else print them in full) ++ -D Don't sort ranges; line without delimiters has one field ++ --output-delimiter SEP Output field delimeter ++ -n Ignored ++ ++ date ++ date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [[-s] TIME] ++ ++ Display time (using +FMT), or set time ++ ++ -u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) ++ [-s] TIME Set time to TIME ++ -d TIME Display TIME, not 'now' ++ -D FMT FMT (strptime format) for -s/-d TIME conversion ++ -r FILE Display last modification time of FILE ++ -R Output RFC-2822 date ++ -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 date ++ SPEC=date (default), hours, minutes, seconds or ns ++ ++ Recognized TIME formats: ++ ++ @seconds_since_1970 ++ hh:mm[:ss] ++ [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] ++ YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] ++ [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss] ++ 'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead ++ ++ dc ++ dc [-x] [-eSCRIPT]... [-fFILE]... [FILE]... ++ ++ Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: Arithmetic: + - * / % ^ ~ - divide with ++ remainder | - modular exponentiation v - square root p - print top of ++ the stack without popping f - print entire stack k - pop the value and ++ set precision i - pop the value and set input radix o - pop the value ++ and set output radix Examples: dc -e'2 2 + p' -> 4, dc -e'8 8 * 2 2 + / ++ p' -> 16 ++ ++ dd ++ dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] ++ [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] ++ [iflag=skip_bytes|count_bytes|fullblock|direct] ++ [oflag=seek_bytes|append|direct] ++ ++ Copy a file with converting and formatting ++ ++ if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++ of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout ++ bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time ++ ibs=N Read N bytes at a time ++ obs=N Write N bytes at a time ++ count=N Copy only N input blocks ++ skip=N Skip N input blocks ++ seek=N Skip N output blocks ++ conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file ++ conv=noerror Continue after read errors ++ conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros ++ conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing ++ conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes ++ iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes ++ iflag=count_bytes count=N is in bytes ++ oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes ++ iflag=direct O_DIRECT input ++ oflag=direct O_DIRECT output ++ iflag=fullblock Read full blocks ++ oflag=append Open output in append mode ++ status=noxfer Suppress rate output ++ status=none Suppress all output ++ ++ N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M, ++ GB, G ++ ++ deallocvt ++ deallocvt [N] ++ ++ Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN ++ ++ delgroup ++ delgroup [USER] GROUP ++ ++ Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP ++ ++ deluser ++ deluser [--remove-home] USER ++ ++ Delete USER from the system ++ ++ depmod ++ depmod [-n] ++ ++ Generate modules.dep.bb ++ ++ -n Dry run: print file to stdout ++ ++ devmem ++ devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]] ++ ++ Read/write from physical address ++ ++ ADDRESS Address to act upon ++ WIDTH Width (8/16/...) ++ VALUE Data to be written ++ ++ df ++ df [-PkmhTai] [-B SIZE] [-t TYPE] [FILESYSTEM]... ++ ++ Print filesystem usage statistics ++ ++ -P POSIX output format ++ -k 1024-byte blocks (default) ++ -m 1M-byte blocks ++ -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) ++ -T Print filesystem type ++ -t TYPE Print only mounts of this type ++ -a Show all filesystems ++ -i Inodes ++ -B SIZE Blocksize ++ ++ dhcprelay ++ dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2]... SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP] ++ ++ Relay DHCP requests between clients and server. Without SERVER_IP, ++ requests are broadcast on SERVER_IFACE. ++ ++ diff ++ diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2 ++ ++ Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. This ++ implementation supports unified diffs only. ++ ++ -a Treat all files as text ++ -b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace ++ -B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank ++ -d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes ++ -i Ignore case differences ++ -L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header ++ -N Treat absent files as empty ++ -q Output only whether files differ ++ -r Recurse ++ -S Start with FILE when comparing directories ++ -T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary ++ -s Report when two files are the same ++ -t Expand tabs to spaces in output ++ -U Output LINES lines of context ++ -w Ignore all whitespace ++ ++ dirname ++ dirname FILENAME ++ ++ Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME ++ ++ dmesg ++ dmesg [-cr] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE] ++ ++ Print or control the kernel ring buffer ++ ++ -c Clear ring buffer after printing ++ -n LEVEL Set console logging level ++ -s SIZE Buffer size ++ -r Print raw message buffer ++ ++ dnsd ++ dnsd [-dvs] [-c CONFFILE] [-t TTL_SEC] [-p PORT] [-i ADDR] ++ ++ Small static DNS server daemon ++ ++ -c FILE Config file ++ -t SEC TTL ++ -p PORT Listen on PORT ++ -i ADDR Listen on ADDR ++ -d Daemonize ++ -v Verbose ++ -s Send successful replies only. Use this if you want ++ to use /etc/resolv.conf with two nameserver lines: ++ nameserver DNSD_SERVER ++ nameserver NORMAL_DNS_SERVER ++ ++ dos2unix ++ dos2unix [-ud] [FILE] ++ ++ Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given, ++ use stdin/stdout. ++ ++ -u dos2unix ++ -d unix2dos ++ ++ dpkg ++ dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F OPT] PACKAGE ++ ++ Install, remove and manage Debian packages ++ ++ -i,--install Install the package ++ -l,--list List of installed packages ++ --configure Configure an unpackaged package ++ -P,--purge Purge all files of a package ++ -r,--remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package ++ --unpack Unpack a package, but don't configure it ++ --force-depends Ignore dependency problems ++ --force-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing ++ --force-confold Keep old config files when installing ++ ++ dpkg-deb ++ dpkg-deb [-cefxX] FILE [DIR] ++ ++ Perform actions on Debian packages (.deb) ++ ++ -c List files ++ -f Print control fields ++ -e Extract control files to DIR (default: ./DEBIAN) ++ -x Extract files to DIR (no default) ++ -X Verbose extract ++ ++ du ++ du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]... ++ ++ Summarize disk space used for FILEs (or directories) ++ ++ -a Show file sizes too ++ -b Apparent size (including holes) ++ -L Follow all symlinks ++ -H Follow symlinks on command line ++ -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N ++ -c Show grand total ++ -l Count sizes many times if hard linked ++ -s Display only a total for each argument ++ -x Skip directories on different filesystems ++ -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G) ++ -m Sizes in megabytes ++ -k Sizes in kilobytes (default) ++ ++ dumpkmap ++ dumpkmap > keymap ++ ++ Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout ++ ++ dumpleases ++ dumpleases [-r|-a] [-d] [-f LEASEFILE] ++ ++ Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd ++ ++ -f FILE Lease file ++ -r Show remaining time ++ -a Show expiration time ++ -d Show time in seconds ++ ++ echo ++ echo [-neE] [ARG]... ++ ++ Print ARGs to stdout ++ ++ -n No trailing newline ++ -e Interpret backslash escapes (\t=tab etc) ++ -E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default) ++ ++ ed ++ ed [-p PROMPT] [-s] [FILE] ++ ++ eject ++ eject [-s] [-t] [-T] [DEVICE] ++ ++ Eject DEVICE or default /dev/cdrom ++ ++ -s SCSI device ++ -t Close tray ++ -T Open/close tray (toggle) ++ ++ env ++ env [-i0] [-u NAME]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ Print current environment or run PROG after setting up environment ++ ++ -, -i Start with empty environment ++ -0 NUL terminated output ++ -u NAME Remove variable from environment ++ ++ envdir ++ envdir DIR PROG ARGS ++ ++ Set various environment variables as specified by files in the directory ++ DIR, run PROG ++ ++ envuidgid ++ envuidgid USER PROG ARGS ++ ++ Set $UID to USER's uid and $GID to USER's gid, run PROG ++ ++ ether-wake ++ ether-wake [-b] [-i IFACE] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]/a.b.c.d] MAC ++ ++ Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a station ++ address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known 'ethers' entry. ++ ++ -b Broadcast the packet ++ -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -p PASSWORD Append four or six byte PASSWORD to the packet ++ ++ expand ++ expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]... ++ ++ Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout ++ ++ -i Don't convert tabs after non blanks ++ -t Tabstops every N chars ++ ++ expr ++ expr EXPRESSION ++ ++ Print the value of EXPRESSION ++ ++ EXPRESSION may be: ++ ++ ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ++ ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ++ ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ++ ARG1 <= ARG2 ++ ARG1 = ARG2 ++ ARG1 != ARG2 ++ ARG1 >= ARG2 ++ ARG1 > ARG2 ++ ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: ++ ARG1 - ARG2 ++ ARG1 * ARG2 ++ ARG1 / ARG2 ++ ARG1 % ARG2 ++ STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING ++ match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP ++ substr STRING POS LEN Substring of STRING, POS counts from 1 ++ index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 ++ length STRING Length of STRING ++ quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if ++ it is a keyword like 'match' or an ++ operator like '/' ++ (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION ++ ++ Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. ++ Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else ++ lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \( ++ and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number of ++ characters matched or 0. ++ ++ factor ++ factor [NUMBER]... ++ ++ Print prime factors ++ ++ fakeidentd ++ fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING] ++ ++ Provide fake ident (auth) service ++ ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -i Inetd mode ++ -w Inetd 'wait' mode ++ -b ADDR Bind to specified address ++ STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody) ++ ++ fallocate ++ fallocate [-o OFS] -l LEN FILE ++ ++ Preallocate space for FILE ++ ++ -o OFS Offset of range ++ -l LEN Length of range ++ ++ fatattr ++ fatattr [-+rhsvda] FILE... ++ ++ Change file attributes on FAT filesystem ++ ++ - Clear attributes ++ + Set attributes ++ r Read only ++ h Hidden ++ s System ++ v Volume label ++ d Directory ++ a Archive ++ ++ fbset ++ fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE] ++ ++ Show and modify frame buffer settings ++ ++ fbsplash ++ fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD] ++ ++ -s Image ++ -c Hide cursor ++ -d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) ++ -i Config file (var=value): ++ BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT ++ BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B,IMG_LEFT,IMG_TOP ++ -f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) ++ commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit' ++ ++ fdflush ++ fdflush DEVICE ++ ++ Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change ++ ++ fdformat ++ fdformat [-n] DEVICE ++ ++ Format floppy disk ++ ++ -n Don't verify after format ++ ++ fdisk ++ fdisk [-uls] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] [-t ++ PARTTYPE] DISK ++ ++ Change partition table ++ ++ -u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) ++ -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit ++ -s Show sizes in kb for each DISK, then exit ++ -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors ++ -T PARTTYPE Force 'dos' partition if 'gpt' also present ++ -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors ++ -H HEADS Typically 255 ++ -S SECTORS Typically 63 ++ ++ fgconsole ++ fgconsole ++ ++ Get active console ++ ++ find ++ find [-HL] [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS] ++ ++ Search for files and perform actions on them. First failed action stops ++ processing of current file. Defaults: PATH is current directory, action ++ is '-print' ++ ++ -L,-follow Follow symlinks ++ -H ...on command line only ++ -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems ++ -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies ++ actions to command line arguments only ++ -mindepth N Don't act on first N levels ++ -depth Act on directory *after* traversing it ++ ++ Actions: ++ ++ ( ACTIONS ) Group actions for -o / -a ++ ! ACT Invert ACT's success/failure ++ ACT1 [-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2 ++ ACT1 -o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2 ++ Note: -a has higher priority than -o ++ -name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN ++ -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name ++ -path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN ++ -ipath PATTERN Case insensitive -path ++ -regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN ++ -type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p) ++ -executable File is executable ++ -perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (-MASK), ++ or exactly MASK bits are set in file's mode ++ -mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N days in the past ++ -atime DAYS atime +N/-N/N days in the past ++ -ctime DAYS ctime +N/-N/N days in the past ++ -mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N minutes in the past ++ -amin MINS atime +N/-N/N minutes in the past ++ -cmin MINS ctime +N/-N/N minutes in the past ++ -newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE's ++ -inum N File has inode number N ++ -samefile FILE File is same as FILE ++ -user NAME/ID File is owned by given user ++ -group NAME/ID File is owned by given group ++ -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)) ++ +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N ++ -links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N ++ -empty Match empty file/directory ++ -prune If current file is directory, don't descend into it ++ If none of the following actions is specified, -print is assumed ++ -print Print file name ++ -print0 Print file name, NUL terminated ++ -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by ++ file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero ++ -exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names ++ -ok CMD ARG ; Prompt and run CMD with {} replaced ++ -delete Delete current file/directory. Turns on -depth option ++ -quit Exit ++ ++ findfs ++ findfs LABEL=label | UUID=uuid ++ ++ Find filesystem device based on label or UUID ++ ++ flock ++ flock [-sxun] FD | { FILE [-c] PROG ARGS } ++ ++ [Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG ++ ++ -s Shared lock ++ -x Exclusive lock (default) ++ -u Unlock FD ++ -n Fail rather than wait ++ ++ fold ++ fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... ++ ++ Wrap input lines in FILEs (or stdin), writing to stdout ++ ++ -b Count bytes rather than columns ++ -s Break at spaces ++ -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80 ++ ++ free ++ free [-bkmgh] ++ ++ Display free and used memory ++ ++ freeramdisk ++ freeramdisk DEVICE ++ ++ Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk ++ ++ fsck ++ fsck [-ANPRTV] [-t FSTYPE] [FS_OPTS] [BLOCKDEV]... ++ ++ Check and repair filesystems ++ ++ -A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems ++ -N Don't execute, just show what would be done ++ -P With -A, check filesystems in parallel ++ -R With -A, skip the root filesystem ++ -T Don't show title on startup ++ -V Verbose ++ -t TYPE List of filesystem types to check ++ ++ fsck.minix ++ fsck.minix [-larvsmf] BLOCKDEV ++ ++ Check MINIX filesystem ++ ++ -l List all filenames ++ -r Perform interactive repairs ++ -a Perform automatic repairs ++ -v Verbose ++ -s Output superblock information ++ -m Show "mode not cleared" warnings ++ -f Force file system check ++ ++ fsfreeze ++ fsfreeze --[un]freeze MOUNTPOINT ++ ++ Flush and halt writes to MOUNTPOINT ++ ++ fstrim ++ fstrim [OPTIONS] MOUNTPOINT ++ ++ -o OFFSET Offset in bytes to discard from ++ -l LEN Bytes to discard ++ -m MIN Minimum extent length ++ -v Print number of discarded bytes ++ ++ fsync ++ fsync [-d] FILE... ++ ++ Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk ++ ++ -d Avoid syncing metadata ++ ++ ftpd ++ ftpd [-wvS] [-a USER] [-t SEC] [-T SEC] [DIR] ++ ++ FTP server. Chroots to DIR, if this fails (run by non-root), cds to it. ++ It is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ++ ftpd /files/to/serve Can be run from tcpsvd: ++ ++ tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve ++ ++ -w Allow upload ++ -A No login required, client access occurs under ftpd's UID ++ -a USER Enable 'anonymous' login and map it to USER ++ -v Log errors to stderr. -vv: verbose log ++ -S Log errors to syslog. -SS: verbose log ++ -t,-T N Idle and absolute timeout ++ ++ ftpget ++ ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE ++ ++ Download a file via FTP ++ ++ -c Continue previous transfer ++ -v Verbose ++ -u USER Username ++ -p PASS Password ++ -P PORT ++ ++ ftpput ++ ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE ++ ++ Upload a file to a FTP server ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -u USER Username ++ -p PASS Password ++ -P PORT ++ ++ fuser ++ fuser [-msk46] [-SIGNAL] FILE or PORT/PROTO ++ ++ Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs ++ ++ -m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs ++ -4,-6 Search only IPv4/IPv6 space ++ -s Don't display PIDs ++ -k Kill found processes ++ -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL) ++ ++ getfattr ++ getfattr [-h] {-d|-n ATTR} FILE... ++ ++ Get extended attributes ++ ++ -h Do not follow symlinks ++ -d Dump all attributes ++ -n ATTR Get attribute ATTR ++ ++ getopt ++ getopt [OPTIONS] [--] OPTSTRING PARAMS ++ ++ -a Allow long options starting with single - ++ -l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize ++ -n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported ++ -o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize ++ -q No error messages on unrecognized options ++ -Q No normal output ++ -s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions ++ -T Version test (exits with 4) ++ -u Don't quote output ++ ++ Example: ++ ++ O=`getopt -l bb: -- ab:c:: "$@"` || exit 1 eval set -- "$O" while true; ++ do case "$1" in -a) echo A; shift;; -b|--bb) echo "B:'$2'"; shift 2;; ++ -c) case "$2" in "") echo C; shift 2;; *) echo "C:'$2'"; shift 2;; ++ esac;; --) shift; break;; *) echo Error; exit 1;; esac done ++ ++ getty ++ getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... TTY [TERMTYPE] ++ ++ Open TTY, prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login ++ ++ -h Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control ++ -L Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state) ++ -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message ++ -n Don't prompt for login name ++ -w Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue ++ -i Don't display /etc/issue ++ -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue ++ -l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login ++ -t SEC Terminate after SEC if no login name is read ++ -I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else ++ -H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname ++ ++ BAUD_RATE of 0 leaves it unchanged ++ ++ grep ++ grep [-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [-m N] [-A|B|C N] { PATTERN | -e PATTERN... | -f ++ FILE... } [FILE]... ++ ++ Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -H Add 'filename:' prefix ++ -h Do not add 'filename:' prefix ++ -n Add 'line_no:' prefix ++ -l Show only names of files that match ++ -L Show only names of files that don't match ++ -c Show only count of matching lines ++ -o Show only the matching part of line ++ -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise ++ -v Select non-matching lines ++ -s Suppress open and read errors ++ -r Recurse ++ -R Recurse and dereference symlinks ++ -i Ignore case ++ -w Match whole words only ++ -x Match whole lines only ++ -F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp) ++ -E PATTERN is an extended regexp ++ -m N Match up to N times per file ++ -A N Print N lines of trailing context ++ -B N Print N lines of leading context ++ -C N Same as '-A N -B N' ++ -e PTRN Pattern to match ++ -f FILE Read pattern from file ++ ++ groups ++ groups [USER] ++ ++ Print the groups USER is in ++ ++ gunzip ++ gunzip [-cfkt] [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++ gzip ++ gzip [-cfkdt] [FILE]... ++ ++ Compress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++ halt ++ halt [-d DELAY] [-nfw] ++ ++ Halt the system ++ ++ -d SEC Delay interval ++ -n Do not sync ++ -f Force (don't go through init) ++ -w Only write a wtmp record ++ ++ hd ++ hd FILE... ++ ++ hd is an alias for hexdump -C ++ ++ hdparm ++ hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE] ++ ++ -a Get/set fs readahead ++ -A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1) ++ -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) ++ -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) ++ -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting ++ -C Check IDE power mode status ++ -d Get/set using_dma flag ++ -D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt ++ -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit ++ -g Display drive geometry ++ -h Display terse usage information ++ -i Display drive identification ++ -I Detailed/current information directly from drive ++ -k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) ++ -K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) ++ -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) ++ -m Get/set multiple sector count ++ -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) ++ -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) ++ -P Set drive prefetch count ++ -Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported) ++ -r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) ++ -R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++ -S Set standby (spindown) timeout ++ -t Perform device read timings ++ -T Perform cache read timings ++ -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) ++ -U Unregister an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++ -v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives ++ -V Display program version and exit immediately ++ -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) ++ -W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++ -x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++ -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) ++ -y Put IDE drive in standby mode ++ -Y Put IDE drive to sleep ++ -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode ++ -z Reread partition table ++ ++ head ++ head [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print first 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin). With more than one FILE, ++ precede each with a filename header. ++ ++ -n N[bkm] Print first N lines ++ -n -N[bkm] Print all except N last lines ++ -c [-]N[bkm] Print first N bytes ++ (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++ -q Never print headers ++ -v Always print headers ++ ++ hexdump ++ hexdump [-bcdoxCv] [-e FMT] [-f FMT_FILE] [-n LEN] [-s OFS] [FILE]... ++ ++ Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format ++ ++ -b 1-byte octal display ++ -c 1-byte character display ++ -d 2-byte decimal display ++ -o 2-byte octal display ++ -x 2-byte hex display ++ -C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line ++ -v Show all (no dup folding) ++ -e FORMAT_STR Example: '16/1 "%02x|""\n"' ++ -f FORMAT_FILE ++ -n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++ -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes ++ ++ hexedit ++ hexedit FILE ++ ++ Edit FILE in hexadecimal ++ ++ hostid ++ hostid ++ ++ Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine ++ ++ hostname ++ hostname [-sidf] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE] ++ ++ Show or set hostname or DNS domain name ++ ++ -s Short ++ -i Addresses for the hostname ++ -d DNS domain name ++ -f Fully qualified domain name ++ -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname ++ ++ httpd ++ httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-M MAXCONN] [-K KILLSEC] ++ [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING ++ ++ Listen for incoming HTTP requests ++ ++ -i Inetd mode ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -v[v] Verbose ++ -p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80) ++ -M NUM Pause if NUM connections are open (default 256) ++ -K NUM Kill CGIs after NUM seconds ++ -u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port ++ -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication ++ -h HOME Home directory (default .) ++ -c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf) ++ -m STRING MD5 crypt STRING ++ -e STRING HTML encode STRING ++ -d STRING URL decode STRING ++ ++ hush ++ hush [-enxl] [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS] ++ ++ Unix shell interpreter ++ ++ hwclock ++ hwclock [-ul] [-f DEV] [-s|-w|--systz|--param-get PARAM|--param-set ++ PARAM=VAL] ++ ++ Show or set hardware clock (RTC) ++ ++ -f DEV Use this device (e.g. /dev/rtc2) ++ -u Assume RTC is kept in UTC ++ -l Assume RTC is kept in local time ++ (if neither is given, read from /etc/adjtime) ++ -s Set system time from RTC ++ -w Set RTC from system time ++ --systz Set in-kernel timezone, correct system time ++ if RTC is kept in local time ++ --param-get PARAM Get RTC parameter ++ --param-set PARAM=VAL Set RTC parameter ++ ++ i2cdetect ++ i2cdetect -l | -F I2CBUS | [-ya] [-q|-r] I2CBUS [FIRST LAST] ++ ++ Detect I2C chips ++ ++ -l List installed buses ++ -F BUS# List functionalities on this bus ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -a Force scanning of non-regular addresses ++ -q Use smbus quick write commands for probing (default) ++ -r Use smbus read byte commands for probing ++ FIRST and LAST limit probing range ++ ++ i2cdump ++ i2cdump [-fy] [-r FIRST-LAST] BUS ADDR [MODE] ++ ++ Examine I2C registers ++ ++ I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++ MODE is: ++ ++ b Byte (default) ++ w Word ++ W Word on even register addresses ++ i I2C block ++ s SMBus block ++ c Consecutive byte ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -r Limit the number of registers being accessed ++ ++ i2cget ++ i2cget [-fy] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS [DATA-ADDRESS [MODE]] ++ ++ Read from I2C/SMBus chip registers ++ ++ I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++ MODE is: ++ ++ b Read byte data (default) ++ w Read word data ++ c Write byte/read byte ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ ++ i2cset ++ i2cset [-fy] [-m MASK] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS DATA-ADDRESS [VALUE] ... [MODE] ++ ++ Set I2C registers ++ ++ I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++ MODE is: ++ ++ c Byte, no value ++ b Byte data (default) ++ w Word data ++ i I2C block data ++ s SMBus block data ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -r Read back and compare the result ++ -m MASK Mask specifying which bits to write ++ ++ i2ctransfer ++ i2ctransfer [-fay] I2CBUS { rLENGTH[@ADDR] | wLENGTH[@ADDR] DATA...}... ++ ++ Read/write I2C data in one transfer ++ ++ -f Force access to busy addresses ++ -a Force access to non-regular addresses ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ ++ id ++ id [-ugGnr] [USER] ++ ++ Print information about USER or the current user ++ ++ -u User ID ++ -g Group ID ++ -G Supplementary group IDs ++ -n Print names instead of numbers ++ -r Print real ID instead of effective ID ++ ++ ifconfig ++ ifconfig [-a] [IFACE] [ADDRESS] ++ ++ Configure a network interface ++ ++ [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++ [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++ [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] ++ [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] ++ [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] ++ [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] ++ [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] ++ [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic] ++ [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] ++ [up|down] ... ++ ++ ifdown ++ ifdown [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE... ++ ++ -a Deconfigure all interfaces ++ -i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++ -n Dry run ++ (note: doesn't disable mappings) ++ -m Don't run any mappings ++ -v Print out what would happen before doing it ++ -f Force ++ ++ ifenslave ++ ifenslave [-cdf] MASTER_IFACE SLAVE_IFACE... ++ ++ Configure network interfaces for parallel routing ++ ++ -c Change active slave ++ -d Remove slave interface from bonding device ++ -f Force, even if interface is not Ethernet ++ ++ ifplugd ++ ifplugd [OPTIONS] ++ ++ Network interface plug detection daemon ++ ++ -n Run in foreground ++ -s Don't log to syslog ++ -i IFACE Interface ++ -f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up ++ (otherwise exit on error) ++ -a Don't up interface at each link probe ++ -M Monitor creation/destruction of interface ++ (otherwise it must exist) ++ -A Don't up newly appeared interface ++ -r PROG Script to run ++ -x ARG Extra argument for script ++ -I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script ++ -p Don't run "up" script on startup ++ -q Don't run "down" script on exit ++ -l Always run script on startup ++ -t SECS Poll time in seconds ++ -u SECS Delay before running script after link up ++ -d SECS Delay after link down ++ -m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto) ++ -k Kill running daemon ++ ++ ifup ++ ifup [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE... ++ ++ -a Configure all interfaces ++ -i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++ -n Dry run ++ (note: doesn't disable mappings) ++ -m Don't run any mappings ++ -v Print out what would happen before doing it ++ -f Force ++ ++ inetd ++ inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE] ++ ++ Listen for network connections and launch programs ++ ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -e Log to stderr ++ -q N Socket listen queue (default 128) ++ -R N Pause services after N connects/min ++ (default 0 - disabled) ++ Default CONFFILE is /etc/inetd.conf ++ ++ init ++ init ++ ++ Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits. It ++ (re)spawns children according to /etc/inittab. Signals: ++ ++ HUP: reload /etc/inittab TSTP: stop respawning until CONT QUIT: re-exec ++ another init USR1/TERM/USR2/INT: run halt/reboot/poweroff/Ctrl-Alt-Del ++ script ++ ++ insmod ++ insmod FILE [SYMBOL=VALUE]... ++ ++ Load kernel module ++ ++ install ++ install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [-t DIR] [SOURCE]... DEST ++ ++ Copy files and set attributes ++ ++ -c Just copy (default) ++ -d Create directories ++ -D Create leading target directories ++ -s Strip symbol table ++ -p Preserve date ++ -o USER Set ownership ++ -g GRP Set group ownership ++ -m MODE Set permissions ++ -t DIR Install to DIR ++ ++ ionice ++ ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-t] { -p PID | PROG ARGS } ++ ++ Change I/O priority and class ++ ++ -c N Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle ++ -n N Priority ++ -t Ignore errors ++ ++ iostat ++ iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] ++ ++ Report CPU and I/O statistics ++ ++ -c Show CPU utilization ++ -d Show device utilization ++ -t Print current time ++ -z Omit devices with no activity ++ -k Use kb/s ++ -m Use Mb/s ++ ++ ip ++ ip [OPTIONS] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [ARGS] ++ ++ OPTIONS := -f[amily] inet|inet6|link | -o[neline] ++ ++ ip addr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX] ip ++ route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ip link set ++ IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] [promisc on|off] [mtu ++ NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] ++ [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] ip tunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ++ ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ip neigh show|flush ++ [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] ip rule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ++ ACTION ++ ++ ipaddr ++ ipaddr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX] ++ ++ ipaddr add|change|replace|delete dev IFACE [CONFFLAG-LIST] IFADDR IFADDR ++ := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR|+|-] [anycast ADDR] [label ++ STRING] [scope SCOPE] PREFIX := ADDR[/MASK] SCOPE := ++ [host|link|global|NUMBER] CONFFLAG-LIST := [CONFFLAG-LIST] CONFFLAG ++ CONFFLAG := [noprefixroute] ipaddr show|flush [dev IFACE] [scope SCOPE] ++ [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN] ++ ++ ipcalc ++ ipcalc [-bnmphs] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [NETMASK] ++ ++ Calculate and display network settings from IP address ++ ++ -b Broadcast address ++ -n Network address ++ -m Default netmask for IP ++ -p Prefix for IP/NETMASK ++ -h Resolved host name ++ -s No error messages ++ ++ ipcrm ++ ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id] ++ ++ Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-case ++ options remove an object by shmid value. ++ ++ -mM Remove memory segment after last detach ++ -qQ Remove message queue ++ -sS Remove semaphore ++ ++ ipcs ++ ipcs [[-smq] -i SHMID] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]] ++ ++ -i ID Show specific resource ++ Resource specification: ++ ++ -m Shared memory segments ++ -q Message queues ++ -s Semaphore arrays ++ -a All (default) ++ Output format: ++ ++ -t Time ++ -c Creator ++ -p Pid ++ -l Limits ++ -u Summary ++ ++ iplink ++ iplink set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] [promisc ++ on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] [master IFACE | ++ nomaster] [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] iplink add [link IFACE] IFACE ++ [address MAC] type TYPE [ARGS] iplink delete IFACE type TYPE [ARGS] TYPE ++ ARGS := vlan VLANARGS | vrf table NUM | can CANARGS VLANARGS := id ++ VLANID [protocol 802.1q|802.1ad] [reorder_hdr on|off] [gvrp on|off] ++ [mvrp on|off] [loose_binding on|off] CANARGS := [bitrate BITRATE ++ [sample-point SAMPLE-POINT]] | [tq TQ prop-seg PROP_SEG phase-seg1 ++ PHASE-SEG1 phase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [sjw SJW]] [dbitrate BITRATE ++ [dsample-point SAMPLE-POINT]] | [dtq TQ dprop-seg PROP_SEG dphase-seg1 ++ PHASE-SEG1 dphase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [dsjw SJW]] [loopback on|off] ++ [listen-only on|off] [triple-sampling on|off] [one-shot on|off] ++ [berr-reporting on|off] [fd on|off] [fd-non-iso on|off] [presume-ack ++ on|off] [restart-ms TIME-MS] [restart] [termination 0..65535] iplink ++ show [IFACE] ++ ++ ipneigh ++ ipneigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] ++ ++ iproute ++ iproute list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ++ ++ iproute list|flush SELECTOR SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] ++ [proto RTPROTO] PREFIX := default|ADDR[/MASK] iproute get ADDR [from ++ ADDR iif IFACE] [oif IFACE] [tos TOS] iproute ++ add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [INFO_SPEC] ++ NODE_SPEC := PREFIX [table TABLE_ID] [proto RTPROTO] [scope SCOPE] ++ [metric METRIC] INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS NH := [via [inet|inet6] ADDR] ++ [dev IFACE] [src ADDR] [onlink] OPTIONS := [mtu [lock] NUM] [advmss ++ [lock] NUM] ++ ++ iprule ++ iprule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION ++ ++ SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK[/MASK]] ++ [dev IFACE] [pref NUMBER] ++ ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDR] ++ [prohibit|reject|unreachable] ++ [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] ++ TABLE_ID := [local|main|default|NUMBER] ++ ++ iptunnel ++ iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] ++ [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ++ ++ iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] ++ [local ADDR] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY] [[i|o]csum] [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] ++ [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV] ++ ++ kbd_mode ++ kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY] ++ ++ Report or set VT console keyboard mode ++ ++ -a Default (ASCII) ++ -k Medium-raw (keycode) ++ -s Raw (scancode) ++ -u Unicode (utf-8) ++ -C TTY Affect TTY ++ ++ kill ++ kill [-l] [-SIG] PID... ++ ++ Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs ++ ++ -l List all signal names and numbers ++ ++ killall ++ killall [-lq] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME... ++ ++ Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes ++ ++ -l List all signal names and numbers ++ -q Don't complain if no processes were killed ++ ++ killall5 ++ killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]... ++ ++ Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session ++ ++ -l List all signal names and numbers ++ -o PID Don't signal this PID ++ ++ klogd ++ klogd [-c N] [-n] ++ ++ Log kernel messages to syslog ++ ++ -c N Print to console messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) ++ -n Run in foreground ++ ++ last ++ last [-HW] [-f FILE] ++ ++ Show listing of the last users that logged into the system ++ ++ -W Display with no host column truncation ++ -f FILE Read from FILE instead of /var/log/wtmp ++ ++ less ++ less [-EFIMmNSRh~] [FILE]... ++ ++ View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time ++ ++ -E Quit once the end of a file is reached ++ -F Quit if entire file fits on first screen ++ -I Ignore case in all searches ++ -M,-m Display status line with line numbers ++ and percentage through the file ++ -N Prefix line number to each line ++ -S Truncate long lines ++ -R Remove color escape codes in input ++ -~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF ++ ++ link ++ link FILE LINK ++ ++ Create hard LINK to FILE ++ ++ ln ++ ln [-sfnbtv] [-S SUF] TARGET... LINK|DIR ++ ++ Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s) ++ ++ -s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks ++ -f Remove existing destinations ++ -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file ++ -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation ++ -S SUF Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files ++ -T Treat LINK as a file, not DIR ++ -v Verbose ++ ++ loadfont ++ loadfont < font ++ ++ Load a console font from stdin ++ ++ loadkmap ++ loadkmap < keymap ++ ++ Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin ++ ++ logger ++ logger [-s] [-t TAG] [-p PRIO] [MESSAGE] ++ ++ Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog ++ ++ -s Log to stderr as well as the system log ++ -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) ++ -p PRIO Priority (number or FACILITY.LEVEL pair) ++ ++ login ++ login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER] ++ ++ Begin a new session on the system ++ ++ -f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated) ++ -h HOST Host user came from (for network logins) ++ -p Preserve environment ++ ++ $LOGIN_TIMEOUT Seconds (default 60, 0 - disable) $LOGIN_PRE_SUID_SCRIPT ++ Execute before user ID change ++ ++ logname ++ logname ++ ++ Print the name of the current user ++ ++ logread ++ logread [-fF] ++ ++ Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer ++ ++ -f Output data as log grows ++ -F Same as -f, but dump buffer first ++ ++ losetup ++ losetup [-rP] [-o OFS] {-f|LOOPDEV} FILE: associate loop devices losetup ++ -c LOOPDEV: reread file size losetup -d LOOPDEV: disassociate losetup ++ -a: show status losetup -f: show next free loop device ++ ++ -o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE ++ -P Scan for partitions ++ -r Read-only ++ -f Show/use next free loop device ++ ++ lpd ++ lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]] ++ ++ SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories with ++ names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are sent ++ directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue directory ++ and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print is passed in ++ $DATAFILE variable. Example: ++ ++ tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print ++ ++ lpq ++ lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID]... [-fs] ++ ++ -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++ -d Delete jobs ++ -f Force any waiting job to be printed ++ -s Short display ++ ++ lpr ++ lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]... ++ ++ -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++ -m Send mail on completion ++ -h Print banner page too ++ -V Verbose ++ ++ ls ++ ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... ++ ++ List directory contents ++ ++ -1 One column output ++ -a Include names starting with . ++ -A Like -a, but exclude . and .. ++ -x List by lines ++ -d List directory names, not contents ++ -L Follow symlinks ++ -H Follow symlinks on command line ++ -R Recurse ++ -p Append / to directory names ++ -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names ++ -l Long format ++ -i List inode numbers ++ -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names ++ -s List allocated blocks ++ -lc List ctime ++ -lu List atime ++ --full-time List full date/time ++ -h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G) ++ --group-directories-first ++ -S Sort by size ++ -X Sort by extension ++ -v Sort by version ++ -t Sort by mtime ++ -tc Sort by ctime ++ -tu Sort by atime ++ -r Reverse sort order ++ -w N Format N columns wide ++ --color[={always,never,auto}] ++ ++ lsattr ++ lsattr [-Radlpv] [FILE]... ++ ++ List ext2 file attributes ++ ++ -R Recurse ++ -a Include names starting with . ++ -d List directory names, not contents ++ -l List long flag names ++ -p List project ID ++ -v List version/generation number ++ ++ lsblk ++ lsblk [BLOCKDEV]... ++ ++ List block devices ++ ++ lsmod ++ lsmod ++ ++ List loaded kernel modules ++ ++ lsof ++ lsof ++ ++ Show all open files ++ ++ lspci ++ lspci [-mk] ++ ++ List all PCI devices ++ ++ -m Parsable output ++ -k Show driver ++ ++ lzcat ++ lzcat [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress to stdout ++ ++ lzma ++ lzma -d [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++ lzop ++ lzop [-cfUvd123456789CF] [FILE]... ++ ++ -1..9 Compression level ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -U Delete input files ++ -v Verbose ++ -F Don't store or verify checksum ++ -C Also write checksum of compressed block ++ ++ makedevs ++ makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir ++ ++ Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. Device ++ table entries take the form of: ++ ++ <name> <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count> ++ Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular file d ++ Directory c Character device b Block device p Fifo (named pipe) uid is ++ the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the target ++ file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device ++ special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries. ++ ++ makemime ++ makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++ ++ Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs ++ ++ -o FILE Output. Default: stdout ++ -a HDR Add header(s). Examples: ++ "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`" ++ -c CT Content type. Default: application/octet-stream ++ -C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii ++ ++ Other options are silently ignored ++ ++ man ++ man [-aw] [SECTION] MANPAGE[.SECTION]... ++ ++ Display manual page ++ ++ -a Display all pages ++ -w Show page locations ++ ++ $COLUMNS overrides output width ++ ++ md5sum ++ md5sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print or check MD5 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++ mdev ++ mdev [-vS] { [-s] | [-df] } ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -s Scan /sys and populate /dev ++ -d Daemon, listen on netlink ++ -f Run in foreground ++ ++ Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it: echo /sbin/mdev ++ >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug ++ ++ It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines [-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME UID:GID PERM ++ [>|=PATH]|[!] [@|$|*PROG] where DEVNAME is device name regex, ++ @major,minor[-minor2], or environment variable regex. A common use of ++ the latter is to load modules for hotplugged devices: ++ ++ $MODALIAS=.* 0:0 660 @modprobe "$MODALIAS" ++ ++ If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value to match ++ $SEQNUM variable. This prevents plug/unplug races. To activate this ++ feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot. ++ ++ If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it. ++ ++ mesg ++ mesg [y|n] ++ ++ Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access to your ++ terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal ++ ++ microcom ++ microcom [-d DELAY_MS] [-t TIMEOUT_MS ] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY ++ ++ Copy bytes from stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout ++ ++ -d DELAY Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending ++ every next byte to it ++ -t TIMEOUT Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms ++ -s SPEED Set serial line to SPEED ++ -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin ++ ++ mim ++ mim [-f FILE] [SHELL_OPTIONS] [TARGET] ... ++ ++ Run a script from a Makefile-like specification file ++ ++ -f FILE Spec file (default Mimfile) ++ ++ mkdir ++ mkdir [-m MODE] [-p] DIRECTORY... ++ ++ Create DIRECTORY ++ ++ -m MODE Mode ++ -p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed ++ ++ mkdosfs ++ mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++ Make a FAT32 filesystem ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -n LBL Volume label ++ ++ mke2fs ++ mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m ++ RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++ -b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++ -F Force ++ -i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++ -I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++ -L LBL Volume label ++ -m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++ -n Dry run ++ ++ mkfifo ++ mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME ++ ++ Create named pipe ++ ++ -m MODE Mode (default a=rw) ++ ++ mkfs.ext2 ++ mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m ++ RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++ -b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++ -F Force ++ -i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++ -I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++ -L LBL Volume label ++ -m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++ -n Dry run ++ ++ mkfs.minix ++ mkfs.minix [-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++ Make a MINIX filesystem ++ ++ -c Check device for bad blocks ++ -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames ++ -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem ++ -l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE ++ -v Make version 2 filesystem ++ ++ mkfs.vfat ++ mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++ Make a FAT32 filesystem ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -n LBL Volume label ++ ++ mknod ++ mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR] ++ ++ Create a special file (block, character, or pipe) ++ ++ -m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw) ++ TYPE: ++ b Block device ++ c or u Character device ++ p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted) ++ ++ mkpasswd ++ mkpasswd [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT] ++ ++ Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD ++ ++ -P N Read password from fd N ++ -m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++ -S SALT ++ ++ mkswap ++ mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++ Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition ++ ++ -L LBL Label ++ ++ mktemp ++ mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE] ++ ++ Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. ++ TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). Without ++ TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed. ++ ++ -d Make directory, not file ++ -q Fail silently on errors ++ -t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE ++ -p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t) ++ -u Do not create anything; print a name ++ ++ Base directory is: -p DIR, else $TMPDIR, else /tmp ++ ++ modinfo ++ modinfo [-adlpn0] [-F keyword] MODULE ++ ++ -a Shortcut for '-F author' ++ -d Shortcut for '-F description' ++ -l Shortcut for '-F license' ++ -p Shortcut for '-F parm' ++ -F keyword Keyword to look for ++ -0 NUL terminated output ++ ++ modprobe ++ modprobe [-rq] MODULE [SYMBOL=VALUE]... ++ ++ -r Remove MODULE ++ -q Quiet ++ ++ more ++ more [FILE]... ++ ++ View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time ++ ++ mount ++ mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPT] DEVICE NODE ++ ++ Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc. ++ ++ -a Mount all filesystems in fstab ++ -f Dry run ++ -v Verbose ++ -r Read-only mount ++ -t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s) ++ -T FILE Read FILE instead of /etc/fstab ++ -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only) ++ -o OPT: ++ loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) ++ [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous ++ [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times ++ [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories ++ [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time ++ [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files ++ [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files ++ [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs ++ [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree ++ [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree ++ [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree ++ [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted ++ [r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location ++ move Relocate an existing mount point ++ remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags ++ ro Same as -r ++ ++ There are filesystem-specific -o flags. ++ ++ mountpoint ++ mountpoint [-q] { [-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE } ++ ++ Check if DIR is a mountpoint ++ ++ -q Quiet ++ -d Print major:minor of the filesystem ++ -n Print device name of the filesystem ++ -x Print major:minor of DEVICE ++ ++ mpstat ++ mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] ++ ++ Per-processor statistics ++ ++ -A Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL ++ -I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU Report interrupt statistics ++ -P num|ALL Processor to monitor ++ -u Report CPU utilization ++ ++ mt ++ mt [-f DEVICE] OPCODE VALUE ++ ++ Control magnetic tape drive operation ++ ++ Opcodes: ++ ++ bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr ++ fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind ++ rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset ++ ++ mv ++ mv [-finT] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY | ++ DIRECTORY } ++ ++ Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCEs to DIRECTORY ++ ++ -f Don't prompt before overwriting ++ -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite ++ -n Don't overwrite an existing file ++ -T Refuse to move if DEST is a directory ++ -t DIR Move all SOURCEs into DIR ++ ++ nameif ++ nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [IFNAME SELECTOR]... ++ ++ Rename network interface while it in the down state. The device matched ++ by SELECTOR is renamed to IFNAME. SELECTOR can be a combination of: ++ ++ driver=STRING ++ bus=STRING ++ phy_address=NUM ++ [mac=]XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX ++ ++ -c FILE Configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) ++ -s Log to syslog ++ ++ nanddump ++ nanddump [-no] [--bb padbad|skipbad] [-s ADDR] [-l LEN] [-f FILE] ++ MTD_DEVICE ++ ++ Dump MTD_DEVICE ++ ++ -n Read without ecc ++ -o Dump oob data ++ -s ADDR Start address ++ -l LEN Length ++ -f FILE Dump to file ('-' for stdout) ++ --bb METHOD ++ skipbad: skip bad blocks ++ padbad: substitute bad blocks by 0xff (default) ++ ++ nandwrite ++ nandwrite [-np] [-s ADDR] MTD_DEVICE [FILE] ++ ++ Write to MTD_DEVICE ++ ++ -n Write without ecc ++ -p Pad to page size ++ -s ADDR Start address ++ ++ nbd-client ++ nbd-client { [-b BLKSIZE] [-N NAME] [-t SEC] [-p] HOST [PORT] | -d } ++ BLOCKDEV ++ ++ Connect to HOST and provide network block device on BLOCKDEV ++ ++ nc ++ nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST] [PORT] - ++ listen ++ ++ -e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) ++ -l Listen mode, for inbound connects ++ -lk With -e, provides persistent server ++ -p PORT Local port ++ -s ADDR Local address ++ -w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads ++ -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent ++ -n Don't do DNS resolution ++ -u UDP mode ++ -b Allow broadcasts ++ -v Verbose ++ -o FILE Hex dump traffic ++ -z Zero-I/O mode (scanning) ++ ++ netstat ++ netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp] ++ ++ Display networking information ++ ++ -r Routing table ++ -a All sockets ++ -l Listening sockets ++ Else: connected sockets ++ -t TCP sockets ++ -u UDP sockets ++ -w Raw sockets ++ -x Unix sockets ++ Else: all socket types ++ -e Other/more information ++ -n Don't resolve names ++ -W Wide display ++ -p Show PID/program name for sockets ++ ++ nice ++ nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ Change scheduling priority, run PROG ++ ++ -n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST ++ ++ nl ++ nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++ ++ Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added ++ ++ -b STYLE Which lines to number - a: all, t: nonempty, n: none ++ -i N Line number increment ++ -s STRING Use STRING as line number separator ++ -v N Start from N ++ -w N Width of line numbers ++ ++ nmeter ++ nmeter [-d MSEC] FORMAT_STRING ++ ++ Monitor system in real time ++ ++ -d MSEC Milliseconds between updates, default:1000, none:-1 ++ ++ Format specifiers: ++ ++ %Nc or %[cN] CPU. N - bar size (default 10) ++ (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) ++ %[nINTERFACE] Network INTERFACE ++ %m Allocated memory ++ %[md] Dirty file-backed memory ++ %[mw] Memory being written to storage ++ %[mf] Free memory ++ %[mt] Total memory ++ %s Allocated swap ++ %f Number of used file descriptors ++ %Ni Total/specific IRQ rate ++ %x Context switch rate ++ %p Forks ++ %[pn] # of processes ++ %b Block io ++ %Nt Time (with N decimal points) ++ %NT Zero-based timestamp (with N decimal points) ++ %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL ++ ++ nohup ++ nohup PROG ARGS ++ ++ Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty ++ ++ nologin ++ nologin ++ ++ Politely refuse a login ++ ++ nproc ++ nproc [--all] [--ignore=N] ++ ++ Print number of available CPUs ++ ++ --all Number of installed CPUs ++ --ignore=N Exclude N CPUs ++ ++ nsenter ++ nsenter [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ -t PID Target process to get namespaces from ++ -m[FILE] Enter mount namespace ++ -u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc) ++ -i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace ++ -n[FILE] Enter network namespace ++ -p[FILE] Enter pid namespace ++ -U[FILE] Enter user namespace ++ -S UID Set uid in entered namespace ++ -G GID Set gid in entered namespace ++ --preserve-credentials Don't touch uids or gids ++ -r[DIR] Set root directory ++ -w[DIR] Set working directory ++ -F Don't fork before exec'ing PROG ++ ++ nslookup ++ nslookup [-type=QUERY_TYPE] [-debug] HOST [DNS_SERVER] ++ ++ Query DNS about HOST ++ ++ QUERY_TYPE: soa,ns,a,aaaa,cname,mx,txt,ptr,srv,any ++ ++ ntpd ++ ntpd [-dnqNwl] [-I IFACE] [-S PROG] [-k KEYFILE] [-p [keyno:N:]PEER]... ++ ++ NTP client/server ++ ++ -d[d] Verbose ++ -n Run in foreground ++ -q Quit after clock is set ++ -N Run at high priority ++ -w Do not set time (only query peers), implies -n ++ -S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 min ++ -k FILE Key file (ntp.keys compatible) ++ -p [keyno:NUM:]PEER ++ Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated) ++ Use key NUM for authentication ++ If -p is not given, 'server HOST' lines ++ from /etc/ntp.conf are used ++ -l Also run as server on port 123 ++ -I IFACE Bind server to IFACE, implies -l ++ ++ od ++ od [-abcdfhilovxs] [-t TYPE] [-A RADIX] [-N SIZE] [-j SKIP] [-S MINSTR] ++ [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default ++ ++ openvt ++ openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ Start PROG on a new virtual terminal ++ ++ -c N Use specified VT ++ -s Switch to the VT ++ -w Wait for PROG to exit ++ ++ partprobe ++ partprobe DEVICE... ++ ++ Ask kernel to rescan partition table ++ ++ passwd ++ passwd [-a ALG] [-dlu] [USER] ++ ++ Change USER's password (default: current user) ++ ++ -a ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++ -d Set password to '' ++ -l Lock (disable) account ++ -u Unlock (enable) account ++ ++ paste ++ paste [-d LIST] [-s] [FILE]... ++ ++ Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab ++ ++ -d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab ++ -s Serial: one file at a time ++ ++ patch ++ patch [-RNE] [-p N] [-i DIFF] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]] ++ ++ -p N Strip N leading components from file names ++ -i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin ++ -R Reverse patch ++ -N Ignore already applied patches ++ -E Remove output files if they become empty ++ --dry-run Don't actually change files ++ ++ pgrep ++ pgrep [-flanovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] ++ ++ Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN ++ ++ -l Show command name too ++ -a Show command line too ++ -f Match against entire command line ++ -n Show the newest process only ++ -o Show the oldest process only ++ -v Negate the match ++ -x Match whole name (not substring) ++ -s Match session ID (0 for current) ++ -P Match parent process ID ++ ++ pidof ++ pidof [-s] [-o PID] [NAME]... ++ ++ List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs ++ ++ -s Show only one PID ++ -o PID Omit given pid ++ Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent ++ ++ ping ++ ping [OPTIONS] HOST ++ ++ Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST ++ ++ -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++ -c CNT Send only CNT pings ++ -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++ -i SECS Interval ++ -A Ping as soon as reply is received ++ -t TTL Set TTL ++ -I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++ -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++ (after all -c CNT packets are sent) ++ -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++ (can exit earlier with -c CNT) ++ -q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++ -p HEXBYTE Payload pattern ++ ++ ping6 ++ ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST ++ ++ Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST ++ ++ -c CNT Send only CNT pings ++ -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++ -i SECS Interval ++ -A Ping as soon as reply is received ++ -I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++ -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++ (after all -c CNT packets are sent) ++ -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++ (can exit earlier with -c CNT) ++ -q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++ -p HEXBYTE Payload pattern ++ ++ pivot_root ++ pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD ++ ++ Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the new ++ root file system ++ ++ pkill ++ pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-xfvnoe] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] ++ ++ Send signal to processes selected by regex PATTERN ++ ++ -l List all signals ++ -x Match whole name (not substring) ++ -f Match against entire command line ++ -s SID Match session ID (0 for current) ++ -P PPID Match parent process ID ++ -v Negate the match ++ -n Signal the newest process only ++ -o Signal the oldest process only ++ -e Display name and PID of the process being killed ++ ++ pmap ++ pmap [-xq] PID... ++ ++ Display process memory usage ++ ++ -x Show details ++ -q Quiet ++ ++ popmaildir ++ popmaildir [OPTIONS] MAILDIR [CONN_HELPER ARGS] ++ ++ Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir ++ ++ -s Skip authorization ++ -T Get messages with TOP instead of RETR ++ -k Keep retrieved messages on the server ++ -t SEC Network timeout ++ -F 'PROG ARGS' Filter program (may be repeated) ++ -M 'PROG ARGS' Delivery program ++ ++ Fetch from plain POP3 server: popmaildir -k DIR nc pop3.server.com 110 ++ <user_and_pass.txt Fetch from SSLed POP3 server and delete fetched ++ emails: popmaildir DIR -- openssl s_client -quiet -connect ++ pop3.server.com:995 <user_and_pass.txt ++ ++ poweroff ++ poweroff [-d DELAY] [-nf] ++ ++ Halt and shut off power ++ ++ -d SEC Delay interval ++ -n Do not sync ++ -f Force (don't go through init) ++ ++ powertop ++ powertop ++ ++ Analyze power consumption on Intel-based laptops ++ ++ printenv ++ printenv [VARIABLE]... ++ ++ Print environment VARIABLEs. If no VARIABLE specified, print all. ++ ++ printf ++ printf FORMAT [ARG]... ++ ++ Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a-la C printf) ++ ++ ps ++ ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T] ++ ++ Show list of processes ++ ++ -o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display ++ -T Show threads ++ ++ pscan ++ pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT] HOST ++ ++ Scan HOST, print all open ports ++ ++ -c Show closed ports too ++ -b Show blocked ports too ++ -p PORT Scan from this port (default 1) ++ -P PORT Scan up to this port (default 1024) ++ -t MS Timeout (default 5000 ms) ++ -T MS Minimum rtt (default 5 ms) ++ ++ pstree ++ pstree [-p] [PID|USER] ++ ++ Display process tree, optionally start from USER or PID ++ ++ -p Show pids ++ ++ pwd ++ pwd ++ ++ Print the full filename of the current working directory ++ ++ pwdx ++ pwdx PID... ++ ++ Show current directory for PIDs ++ ++ raidautorun ++ raidautorun DEVICE ++ ++ Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays ++ ++ rdate ++ rdate [-s/-p] HOST ++ ++ Set and print time from HOST using RFC 868 ++ ++ -s Only set system time ++ -p Only print time ++ ++ rdev ++ rdev ++ ++ Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/' ++ ++ readahead ++ readahead [FILE]... ++ ++ Preload FILEs to RAM ++ ++ readlink ++ readlink [-fnv] FILE ++ ++ Display the value of a symlink ++ ++ -n Don't add newline ++ -f Canonicalize by following all symlinks ++ -v Verbose ++ ++ readprofile ++ readprofile [OPTIONS] ++ ++ -m MAPFILE (Default: /boot/System.map) ++ -p PROFILE (Default: /proc/profile) ++ -M NUM Set the profiling multiplier to NUM ++ -i Print only info about the sampling step ++ -v Verbose ++ -a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 ++ -b Print individual histogram-bin counts ++ -s Print individual counters within functions ++ -r Reset all the counters (root only) ++ -n Disable byte order auto-detection ++ ++ realpath ++ realpath FILE... ++ ++ Print absolute pathnames of FILEs ++ ++ reboot ++ reboot [-d DELAY] [-nf] ++ ++ Reboot the system ++ ++ -d SEC Delay interval ++ -n Do not sync ++ -f Force (don't go through init) ++ ++ reformime ++ reformime [OPTIONS] ++ ++ Parse MIME-encoded message on stdin ++ ++ -x PREFIX Extract content of MIME sections to files ++ -X PROG ARGS Filter content of MIME sections through PROG ++ Must be the last option ++ ++ Other options are silently ignored ++ ++ remove-shell ++ remove-shell SHELL... ++ ++ Remove SHELLs from /etc/shells ++ ++ renice ++ renice [-n] PRIORITY [[-p|g|u] ID...]... ++ ++ Change scheduling priority of a running process ++ ++ -n Add PRIORITY to current nice value ++ Without -n, nice value is set to PRIORITY ++ -p Process ids (default) ++ -g Process group ids ++ -u Process user names ++ ++ reset ++ reset ++ ++ Reset terminal (ESC codes) and termios (signals, buffering, echo) ++ ++ resize ++ resize ++ ++ Resize the screen ++ ++ resume ++ resume BLOCKDEV [OFFSET] ++ ++ Restore system state from 'suspend-to-disk' data in BLOCKDEV ++ ++ rev ++ rev [FILE]... ++ ++ Reverse lines of FILE ++ ++ rm ++ rm [-irf] FILE... ++ ++ Remove (unlink) FILEs ++ ++ -i Always prompt before removing ++ -f Never prompt ++ -R,-r Recurse ++ ++ rmdir ++ rmdir [-p] DIRECTORY... ++ ++ Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty ++ ++ -p Include parents ++ --ignore-fail-on-non-empty ++ ++ rmmod ++ rmmod MODULE... ++ ++ Unload kernel modules ++ ++ route ++ route [-ne] [-A inet[6]] [{add|del} [-net|-host] TARGET [netmask MASK] ++ [gw GATEWAY] [metric N] [mss BYTES] [window BYTES] [reject] [IFACE]] ++ ++ Show or edit kernel routing tables ++ ++ -n Don't resolve names ++ -e Display other/more information ++ -A inet[6] Select address family ++ ++ rpm ++ rpm -i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm ++ ++ Manipulate RPM packages ++ ++ Commands: ++ ++ -i Install package ++ -qp Query package ++ -qpi Show information ++ -qpl List contents ++ -qpd List documents ++ -qpc List config files ++ ++ rpm2cpio ++ rpm2cpio PACKAGE.rpm ++ ++ Output a cpio archive of the rpm file ++ ++ rtcwake ++ rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME] ++ ++ Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time ++ ++ -a Read clock mode from /etc/adjtime (default) ++ -l Clock is set to local time ++ -u Clock is set to UTC time ++ -d DEV Specify the RTC device ++ -m MODE Set sleep state (default: standby) ++ -s SEC Set timeout in SEC seconds from now ++ -t TIME Set timeout to TIME seconds from epoch ++ ++ run-init ++ run-init [-d CAP,CAP...] [-n] [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS] ++ ++ Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: ++ ++ chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute ++ NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint. ++ ++ -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch ++ -d CAPS Drop capabilities ++ -n Dry run ++ ++ run-parts ++ run-parts [-a ARG]... [-u UMASK] [--reverse] [--test] [--exit-on-error] ++ [--list] DIRECTORY ++ ++ Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY ++ ++ -a ARG Pass ARG as argument to scripts ++ -u UMASK Set UMASK before running scripts ++ --reverse Reverse execution order ++ --test Dry run ++ --exit-on-error Exit if a script exits with non-zero ++ --list Print names of matching files even if they are not executable ++ ++ runlevel ++ runlevel [FILE] ++ ++ Find the current and previous system runlevel ++ ++ If no utmp FILE exists or if no runlevel record can be found, print ++ "unknown" ++ ++ runsv ++ runsv DIR ++ ++ Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service ++ ++ runsvdir ++ runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] DIR ++ ++ Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it. ++ ++ -P Put each runsv in a new session ++ -s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed ++ ++ rx ++ rx FILE ++ ++ Receive a file using the xmodem protocol ++ ++ script ++ script [-afq] [-t[FILE]] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE] ++ ++ Default OUTFILE is 'typescript' ++ ++ -a Append output ++ -c PROG Run PROG, not shell ++ -q Quiet ++ -t[FILE] Send timing to stderr or FILE ++ ++ scriptreplay ++ scriptreplay TIMINGFILE [TYPESCRIPT [DIVISOR]] ++ ++ Play back typescripts, using timing information ++ ++ sed ++ sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] [-f FILE]... [-e CMD]... [FILE]... or: sed ++ [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] CMD [FILE]... ++ ++ -e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed ++ -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed ++ -i[SFX] Edit files in-place (otherwise write to stdout) ++ Optionally back files up, appending SFX ++ -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space ++ -r,-E Use extended regex syntax ++ ++ If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string. ++ Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none). ++ ++ seedrng ++ seedrng [-d DIR] [-n] ++ ++ Seed the kernel RNG from seed files ++ ++ -d DIR Use seed files in DIR (default: /var/lib/seedrng) ++ -n Do not credit randomness, even if creditable ++ ++ sendmail ++ sendmail [-tv] [-f SENDER] [-amLOGIN 4<user_pass.txt | -auUSER -apPASS] ++ [-w SECS] [-H 'PROG ARGS' | -S HOST] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]... ++ ++ Read email from stdin and send it ++ ++ Standard options: ++ ++ -t Read additional recipients from message body ++ -f SENDER For use in MAIL FROM:<sender>. Can be empty string ++ Default: -auUSER, or username of current UID ++ -o OPTIONS Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored ++ -i -oi synonym, implied and ignored ++ ++ Busybox specific options: ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -w SECS Network timeout ++ -H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper. Examples: ++ openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25 ++ openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 ++ $SMTP_ANTISPAM_DELAY: seconds to wait after helper connect ++ -S HOST[:PORT] Server (default $SMTPHOST or 127.0.0.1) ++ -amLOGIN Log in using AUTH LOGIN ++ -amPLAIN or AUTH PLAIN ++ (-amCRAM-MD5 not supported) ++ -auUSER Username for AUTH ++ -apPASS Password for AUTH ++ ++ If no -a options are given, authentication is not done. If -amLOGIN is ++ given but no -au/-ap, user/password is read from fd #4. Other options ++ are silently ignored; -oi is implied. Use makemime to create emails with ++ attachments. ++ ++ seq ++ seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST ++ ++ Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC default to ++ 1. ++ ++ -w Pad with leading zeros ++ -s SEP String separator ++ ++ setarch ++ setarch PERSONALITY [-R] PROG ARGS ++ ++ PERSONALITY may be: ++ ++ linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation ++ linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation ++ ++ -R Disable address space randomization ++ ++ setconsole ++ setconsole [-r] [DEVICE] ++ ++ Make writes to /dev/console appear on DEVICE (default: /dev/tty). Does ++ not redirect kernel log output or reads from /dev/console. ++ ++ -r Reset: writes to /dev/console go to kernel log tty(s) ++ ++ setfattr ++ setfattr [-h] -n|-x ATTR [-v VALUE] FILE... ++ ++ Set extended attributes ++ ++ -h Do not follow symlinks ++ -x ATTR Remove attribute ATTR ++ -n ATTR Set attribute ATTR to VALUE ++ -v VALUE (default: empty) ++ ++ setfont ++ setfont [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY] FILE ++ ++ Load a console font ++ ++ -m MAPFILE Load console screen map ++ -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty ++ ++ setkeycodes ++ setkeycodes { SCANCODE KEYCODE }... ++ ++ Modify kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to ++ generate usable keycodes. ++ ++ SCANCODE is either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), KEYCODE is decimal. ++ ++ setlogcons ++ setlogcons [N] ++ ++ Pin kernel output to VT console N. Default:0 (do not pin) ++ ++ setpriv ++ setpriv [OPTIONS] PROG ARGS ++ ++ Run PROG with different privilege settings ++ ++ -d,--dump Show current capabilities --nnp,--no-new-privs Ignore ++ setuid/setgid bits and file capabilities --inh-caps CAP,CAP Set ++ inheritable capabilities --ambient-caps CAP,CAP Set ambient capabilities ++ ++ setserial ++ setserial [-abGvz] { DEVICE [PARAMETER [ARG]]... | -g DEVICE... } ++ ++ Print or set serial port parameters ++ ++ -a Print all ++ -b Print summary ++ -G Print as setserial PARAMETERs ++ -v Verbose ++ -z Zero out serial flags before setting ++ -g All args are device names ++ ++ PARAMETERs: (* = takes ARG, ^ = can be turned off by preceding ^) *port, ++ *irq, *divisor, *uart, *baud_base, *close_delay, *closing_wait, ++ ^fourport, ^auto_irq, ^skip_test, ^sak, ^session_lockout, ^pgrp_lockout, ++ ^callout_nohup, ^split_termios, ^hup_notify, ^low_latency, autoconfig, ++ spd_normal, spd_hi, spd_vhi, spd_shi, spd_warp, spd_cust ARG for uart: ++ ++ unknown, 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A, Cirrus, 16650, 16650V2, 16750, ++ 16950, 16954, 16654, 16850, RSA, NS16550A, XSCALE, RM9000, OCTEON, AR7, ++ U6_16550A ++ ++ setsid ++ setsid [-c] PROG ARGS ++ ++ Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal and ++ will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc). ++ ++ -c Set controlling terminal to stdin ++ ++ setuidgid ++ setuidgid USER PROG ARGS ++ ++ Set uid and gid to USER's uid and gid, drop supplementary group ids, run ++ PROG ++ ++ sh ++ sh [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ++ ARGS | -s ARGS] ++ ++ Unix shell interpreter ++ ++ sha1sum ++ sha1sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print or check SHA1 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++ sha256sum ++ sha256sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print or check SHA256 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++ sha384sum ++ sha384sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print or check SHA384 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++ sha3sum ++ sha3sum [-c[sw]] [-a BITS] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print or check SHA3 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ -a BITS 224 (default), 256, 384, 512 ++ ++ sha512sum ++ sha512sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print or check SHA512 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++ showkey ++ showkey [-a | -k | -s] ++ ++ Show keys pressed ++ ++ -a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys ++ -k Display interpreted keycodes (default) ++ -s Display raw scan-codes ++ ++ shred ++ shred [-fuz] [-n N] [-s SIZE] FILE... ++ ++ Overwrite/delete FILEs ++ ++ -f Chmod to ensure writability ++ -s SIZE Size to write ++ -n N Overwrite N times (default 3) ++ -z Final overwrite with zeros ++ -u Remove file ++ ++ shuf ++ shuf [-n NUM] [-o FILE] [-z] [FILE | -e [ARG...] | -i L-H] ++ ++ Randomly permute lines ++ ++ -n NUM Output at most NUM lines ++ -o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output ++ -z NUL terminated output ++ -e Treat ARGs as lines ++ -i L-H Treat numbers L-H as lines ++ ++ slattach ++ slattach [-ehmLF] [-c SCRIPT] [-s BAUD] [-p PROTOCOL] SERIAL_DEVICE ++ ++ Configure serial line as SLIP network interface ++ ++ -p PROT Protocol: slip, cslip (default), slip6, clisp6, adaptive ++ -s BAUD Line speed ++ -e Exit after initialization ++ -h Exit if carrier is lost (else never exits) ++ -c PROG Run PROG on carrier loss ++ -m Do NOT set raw 8bit mode ++ -L Enable 3-wire operation ++ -F Disable RTS/CTS flow control ++ ++ sleep ++ sleep [N]... ++ ++ Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg ++ can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays ++ ++ smemcap ++ smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR ++ ++ Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout ++ ++ softlimit ++ softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES] [-f ++ BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] PROG ARGS ++ ++ Set soft resource limits, then run PROG ++ ++ -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments ++ -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES ++ -d BYTES Limit data segment ++ -s BYTES Limit stack segment ++ -l BYTES Limit locked memory size ++ -o N Limit number of open files per process ++ -p N Limit number of processes per uid ++ Options controlling file sizes: ++ ++ -f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++ -c BYTES Limit core file size ++ Efficiency opts: ++ ++ -r BYTES Limit resident set size ++ -t N Limit CPU time, process receives ++ a SIGXCPU after N seconds ++ ++ sort ++ sort [-nrughMcszbdfiokt] [-o FILE] [-k ++ START[.OFS][OPTS][,END[.OFS][OPTS]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]... ++ ++ Sort lines of text ++ ++ -o FILE Output to FILE ++ -c Check whether input is sorted ++ -b Ignore leading blanks ++ -f Ignore case ++ -i Ignore unprintable characters ++ -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) ++ -n Sort numbers ++ -g General numerical sort ++ -h Sort human readable numbers (2K 1G) ++ -M Sort month ++ -V Sort version ++ -t CHAR Field separator ++ -k N[,M] Sort by Nth field ++ -r Reverse sort order ++ -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) ++ -u Suppress duplicate lines ++ -z NUL terminated input and output ++ ++ split ++ split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]] ++ ++ -b N[k|m] Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes ++ -l N Split by N lines ++ -a N Use N letters as suffix ++ ++ ssl_client ++ ssl_client [-n SNI] { -s FD [-r FD] | HOST | -e PROG ARGS } ++ ++ ssl_server ++ ssl_server -f PRIVKEY_CERT.pem PROG ARGSInetd-style TLS server ++ ++ -f PEMFILE HAProxy-style CRT file ++ ++ start-stop-daemon ++ start-stop-daemon -S|-K [OPTIONS] [-- ARGS] ++ ++ Search for matching processes, and then -S: start a process unless a ++ matching process is found -K: stop all matching processes ++ ++ Process matching: ++ ++ -u USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes ++ -n NAME Match processes with NAME ++ in comm field in /proc/PID/stat ++ -x EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command ++ in /proc/PID/cmdline ++ -p FILE Match a process with PID from FILE ++ All specified conditions must match ++ -S only: ++ -x EXECUTABLE Program to run ++ -a NAME Zeroth argument ++ -b Background ++ -O FILE Append stdout and stderr to FILE ++ -N N Change nice level ++ -c USER[:[GRP]] Change user/group ++ -d DIR Change to DIR ++ -m Write PID to pidfile specified by -p ++ -K only: ++ -s SIG Signal to send ++ -t Match only, exit with 0 if found ++ Other: ++ ++ -o Exit with status 0 if nothing is done ++ -v Verbose ++ -q Quiet ++ ++ stat ++ stat [-ltf] [-c FMT] FILE... ++ ++ Display file (default) or filesystem status ++ ++ -c FMT Use the specified format ++ -f Display filesystem status ++ -L Follow links ++ -t Terse display ++ ++ FMT sequences for files: ++ ++ %a Access rights in octal ++ %A Access rights in human readable form ++ %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) ++ %B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b ++ %d Device number in decimal ++ %D Device number in hex ++ %f Raw mode in hex ++ %F File type ++ %g Group ID ++ %G Group name ++ %h Number of hard links ++ %i Inode number ++ %n File name ++ %N File name, with -> TARGET if symlink ++ %o I/O block size ++ %s Total size in bytes ++ %t Major device type in hex ++ %T Minor device type in hex ++ %u User ID ++ %U User name ++ %x Time of last access ++ %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch ++ %y Time of last modification ++ %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch ++ %z Time of last change ++ %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch ++ ++ FMT sequences for file systems: ++ ++ %a Free blocks available to non-superuser ++ %b Total data blocks ++ %c Total file nodes ++ %d Free file nodes ++ %f Free blocks ++ %i File System ID in hex ++ %l Maximum length of filenames ++ %n File name ++ %s Block size (for faster transfer) ++ %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) ++ %t Type in hex ++ %T Type in human readable form ++ ++ strings ++ strings [-fo] [-t o|d|x] [-n LEN] [FILE]... ++ ++ Display printable strings in a binary file ++ ++ -f Precede strings with filenames ++ -o Precede strings with octal offsets ++ -t o|d|x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16 ++ -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) ++ ++ stty ++ stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]... ++ ++ Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations ++ from stty sane ++ ++ -F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin ++ -a Print all current settings in human-readable form ++ -g Print in stty-readable form ++ [SETTING] See manpage ++ ++ su ++ su [-lmp] [-s SH] [-] [USER [FILE ARGS | -c 'CMD' [ARG0 ARGS]]] ++ ++ Run shell under USER (by default, root) ++ ++ -,-l Clear environment, go to home dir, run shell as login shell ++ -p,-m Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME ++ -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' ++ -s SH Shell to use instead of user's default ++ ++ sulogin ++ sulogin [-t N] [TTY] ++ ++ Single user login ++ ++ -p Start a login shell ++ -t SEC Timeout ++ ++ sum ++ sum [-rs] [FILE]... ++ ++ Checksum and count the blocks in a file ++ ++ -r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) ++ -s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks) ++ ++ sv ++ sv [-v] [-w SEC] CMD SERVICE_DIR... ++ ++ Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only first ++ character is enough): ++ ++ status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start it. If ++ service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't ++ restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ++ ./finish if it exists. After it stops, don't restart service exit: send ++ TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, runsv ++ exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: ++ send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to ++ service ++ ++ svc ++ svc [-udopchaitkx] SERVICE_DIR... ++ ++ Control services monitored by runsv supervisor ++ ++ -u If service is not running, start it; restart if it stops ++ -d If service is running, send TERM+CONT signals; do not restart it ++ -o Once: if service is not running, start it; do not restart it ++ -pchaitk Send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, TERM, KILL signal to service ++ -x Exit: runsv will exit as soon as the service is down ++ ++ svlogd ++ svlogd [-tttv] [-r C] [-R CHARS] [-l MATCHLEN] [-b BUFLEN] DIR... ++ ++ Read log data from stdin and write to rotated log files in DIRs ++ ++ -r C Replace non-printable characters with C ++ -R CHARS Also replace CHARS with C (default _) ++ -t Timestamp with @tai64n ++ -tt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss.sssss ++ -ttt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sssss ++ -v Verbose ++ ++ DIR/config file modifies behavior: sSIZE - when to rotate logs (default ++ 1000000, 0 disables) nNUM - number of files to retain !PROG - process ++ rotated log with PROG +,-PATTERN - (de)select line for logging ++ E,ePATTERN - (de)select line for stderr ++ ++ svok ++ svok SERVICE_DIR ++ ++ Check whether runsv supervisor is running. Exit code is 0 if it does, ++ 100 if it does not, 111 (with error message) if SERVICE_DIR does not ++ exist. ++ ++ swapoff ++ swapoff [-a] [DEVICE] ++ ++ Stop swapping on DEVICE ++ ++ -a Stop swapping on all swap devices ++ ++ swapon ++ swapon [-a] [-e] [-d[POL]] [-p PRI] [DEVICE] ++ ++ Start swapping on DEVICE ++ ++ -a Start swapping on all swap devices ++ -d[POL] Discard blocks at swapon (POL=once), ++ as freed (POL=pages), or both (POL omitted) ++ -e Silently skip devices that do not exist ++ -p PRI Set swap device priority ++ ++ switch_root ++ switch_root [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS] ++ ++ Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: ++ ++ chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute ++ NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint. ++ ++ -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch ++ ++ sync ++ sync [-df] [FILE]... ++ ++ Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk -d Avoid syncing metadata ++ -f Sync filesystems underlying FILEs ++ ++ sysctl ++ sysctl [-enq] { -a | -p [FILE]... | [-w] [KEY[=VALUE]]... } ++ ++ Show/set kernel parameters ++ ++ -e Don't warn about unknown keys ++ -n Don't show key names ++ -q Quiet ++ -a Show all values ++ -p Set values from FILEs (default /etc/sysctl.conf) ++ -w Set values ++ ++ syslogd ++ syslogd [OPTIONS] ++ ++ System logging utility ++ ++ -n Run in foreground ++ -R HOST[:PORT] Log to HOST:PORT (default PORT:514) ++ -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) ++ -C[size_kb] Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it) ++ -K Log to kernel printk buffer (use dmesg to read it) ++ -O FILE Log to FILE (default: /var/log/messages, stdout if -) ++ -s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotation (default 200KB, 0=off) ++ -b N N rotated logs to keep (default 1, max 99, 0=purge) ++ -l N Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) ++ -S Smaller output ++ -t Strip client-generated timestamps ++ -D Drop duplicates ++ -f FILE Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf) ++ ++ tac ++ tac [FILE]... ++ ++ Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse ++ ++ tail ++ tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++ ++ Print last 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin) to. With more than one FILE, ++ precede each with a filename header. ++ ++ -c [+]N[bkm] Print last N bytes ++ -n N[bkm] Print last N lines ++ -n +N[bkm] Start on Nth line and print the rest ++ (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++ -q Never print headers ++ -v Always print headers ++ -f Print data as file grows ++ -F Same as -f, but keep retrying ++ -s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with -f ++ ++ tar ++ tar c|x|t [-zJjahmvokO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [-T FILE] [-X FILE] ++ [LONGOPT]... [FILE]... ++ ++ Create, extract, or list files from a tar file ++ ++ c Create ++ x Extract ++ t List ++ -f FILE Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out) ++ -C DIR Change to DIR before operation ++ -v Verbose ++ -O Extract to stdout ++ -m Don't restore mtime ++ -o Don't restore user:group ++ -k Don't replace existing files ++ -z (De)compress using gzip ++ -J (De)compress using xz ++ -j (De)compress using bzip2 ++ --lzma (De)compress using lzma ++ -a (De)compress based on extension ++ -h Follow symlinks ++ -T FILE File with names to include ++ -X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude ++ --exclude PATTERN Glob pattern to exclude ++ --overwrite Replace existing files ++ --strip-components NUM NUM of leading components to strip ++ --no-recursion Don't descend in directories ++ --numeric-owner Use numeric user:group ++ --no-same-permissions Don't restore access permissions ++ --to-command COMMAND Pipe files to COMMAND ++ ++ taskset ++ taskset [-ap] [HEXMASK | -c LIST] { PID | PROG ARGS } ++ ++ Set or get CPU affinity ++ ++ -p Operate on PID ++ -a Operate on all threads ++ -c Affinity is a list, not mask ++ ++ tc ++ tc OBJECT CMD [dev STRING] ++ ++ OBJECT: qdisc|class|filter CMD: add|del|change|replace|show ++ ++ qdisc [handle QHANDLE] [root|ingress|parent CLASSID] [[QDISC_KIND] ++ [help|OPTIONS]] QDISC_KIND := [p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc. qdisc show ++ [dev STRING] [ingress] class [classid CLASSID] [root|parent CLASSID] ++ [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS] ] class show [ dev STRING ] [root|parent ++ CLASSID] filter [pref PRIO] [protocol PROTO] [root|classid CLASSID] ++ [handle FILTERID] [[FILTER_TYPE] [help|OPTIONS]] filter show [dev ++ STRING] [root|parent CLASSID] ++ ++ tcpsvd ++ tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT ++ PROG ++ ++ Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connections. ++ Run PROG for each connection. ++ ++ IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++ PROG ARGS Program to run ++ -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++ -c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++ -b N Allow backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs (default 20) ++ -C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP: ++ new connections from this IP address are closed ++ immediately, MSG is written to the peer before close ++ -E Don't set up environment ++ -h Look up peer's hostname ++ -l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++ -v Verbose ++ ++ Environment if no -E: PROTO='TCP' TCPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' ++ for IPv6) TCPLOCALADDR='ip:port' TCPORIGDSTADDR='ip:port' of destination ++ before firewall Useful for REDIRECTed-to-local connections: iptables -t ++ nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to 8080 ++ TCPCONCURRENCY=num_of_connects_from_this_ip If -h: ++ TCPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is used if specified) ++ TCPREMOTEHOST='hostname' ++ ++ tee ++ tee [-ai] [FILE]... ++ ++ Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout ++ ++ -a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite ++ -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT) ++ ++ telnet ++ telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT] ++ ++ Connect to telnet server ++ ++ -a Automatic login with $USER envvar ++ -l USER Automatic login as USER ++ ++ telnetd ++ telnetd [OPTIONS] ++ ++ Handle incoming telnet connections ++ ++ -l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect (default /bin/login) ++ -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue.net ++ -K Close connection as soon as login exits ++ (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) ++ -p PORT Port to listen on. Default 23 ++ -b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to ++ -F Run in foreground ++ -i Inetd mode ++ -w SEC Inetd 'wait' mode, linger time SEC ++ inetd.conf line: 23 stream tcp wait root telnetd telnetd -w10 ++ -S Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w) ++ -v Verbose ++ ++ tftp ++ tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT] ++ ++ Transfer a file from/to tftp server ++ ++ -l FILE Local FILE ++ -r FILE Remote FILE ++ -g Get file ++ -p Put file ++ -b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes ++ ++ tftpd ++ tftpd [-crl] [-u USER] [DIR] ++ ++ Transfer a file on tftp client's request ++ ++ tftpd is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 69 dgram udp nowait root ++ tftpd tftpd -l /files/to/serve Can be run from udpsvd: ++ ++ udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve ++ ++ -r Prohibit upload ++ -c Allow file creation via upload ++ -u USER Access files as USER ++ -l Log to syslog (inetd mode requires this) ++ ++ time ++ time [-vpa] [-o FILE] PROG ARGS ++ ++ Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -p POSIX output format ++ -f FMT Custom format ++ -o FILE Write result to FILE ++ -a Append (else overwrite) ++ ++ timeout ++ timeout [-s SIG] [-k KILL_SECS] SECS PROG ARGS ++ ++ Run PROG. Send SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Default SIG: ++ TERM.If it still exists in KILL_SECS seconds, send KILL. ++ ++ top ++ top [-bmH] [-n COUNT] [-d SECONDS] ++ ++ Show a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all ++ processes from /proc each SECONDS and show a screenful of them. Keys: ++ ++ N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time ++ S: show memory ++ R: reverse sort ++ H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP ++ Q,^C: exit ++ Options: ++ ++ -b Batch mode ++ -n N Exit after N iterations ++ -d SEC Delay between updates ++ -m Same as 's' key ++ -H Show threads ++ ++ touch ++ touch [-cham] [-d DATE] [-t DATE] [-r FILE] FILE... ++ ++ Update mtime of FILEs ++ ++ -c Don't create files ++ -h Don't follow links ++ -a Change only atime ++ -m Change only mtime ++ -d DT Date/time to use ++ -t DT Date/time to use ++ -r FILE Use FILE's date/time ++ ++ tr ++ tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2] ++ ++ Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout ++ ++ -c Take complement of STRING1 ++ -d Delete input characters coded STRING1 ++ -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character ++ ++ traceroute ++ traceroute [-46IFlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] ++ [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST ++ [BYTES] ++ ++ Trace the route to HOST ++ ++ -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++ -F Set don't fragment bit ++ -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++ -l Display TTL value of the returned packet ++ -n Print numeric addresses ++ -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++ -v Verbose ++ -f N First number of hops (default 1) ++ -m N Max number of hops ++ -q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++ -p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++ (default 33434) ++ -s IP Source address ++ -i IFACE Source interface ++ -t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) ++ -w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++ -z MSEC Wait before each send ++ ++ traceroute6 ++ traceroute6 [-Inrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] [-t ++ TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES] ++ ++ Trace the route to HOST ++ ++ -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++ -n Print numeric addresses ++ -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++ -v Verbose ++ -f N First number of hops (default 1) ++ -m N Max number of hops ++ -q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++ -p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++ (default 33434) ++ -s IP Source address ++ -i IFACE Source interface ++ -t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) ++ -w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++ -z MSEC Wait before each send ++ ++ truncate ++ truncate [-c] -s SIZE FILE... ++ ++ Truncate FILEs to SIZE ++ ++ -c Do not create files ++ -s SIZE ++ ++ ts ++ ts [-is] [STRFTIME] ++ ++ Pipe stdin to stdout, add timestamp to each line ++ ++ -s Time since start ++ -i Time since previous line ++ ++ tsort ++ tsort [FILE] ++ ++ Topological sort ++ ++ tty ++ tty [-s] ++ ++ Print file name of stdin's terminal ++ ++ -s Print nothing, only return exit status ++ ++ ttysize ++ ttysize [w] [h] ++ ++ Print dimensions of stdin tty, or 80x24 ++ ++ tunctl ++ tunctl [-f DEVICE] [-t NAME | -d NAME] [-u USER] [-g GRP] [-b] ++ ++ Create or delete TUN/TAP interfaces ++ ++ -f DEV TUN device (default /dev/net/tun) ++ -t NAME Create iface (default: tapN) ++ -d NAME Delete iface ++ -u USER Set iface owner ++ -g GRP Set iface group ++ -b Brief output ++ ++ ubiattach ++ ubiattach -m MTD_NUM [-d UBI_NUM] [-O VID_HDR_OFF] UBI_CTRL_DEV ++ ++ Attach MTD device to UBI ++ ++ -m MTD_NUM MTD device number to attach ++ -d UBI_NUM UBI device number to assign ++ -O VID_HDR_OFF VID header offset ++ ++ ubidetach ++ ubidetach -d UBI_NUM UBI_CTRL_DEV ++ ++ Detach MTD device from UBI ++ ++ -d UBI_NUM UBI device number ++ ++ ubimkvol ++ ubimkvol -N NAME [-s SIZE | -m] UBI_DEVICE ++ ++ Create UBI volume ++ ++ -a ALIGNMENT Volume alignment (default 1) ++ -m Set volume size to maximum available ++ -n VOLID Volume ID. If not specified, ++ assigned automatically ++ -N NAME Volume name ++ -s SIZE Size in bytes ++ -t TYPE Volume type (static|dynamic) ++ ++ ubirename ++ ubirename UBI_DEVICE OLD_VOLNAME NEW_VOLNAME [OLD2 NEW2]... ++ ++ Rename UBI volumes on UBI_DEVICE ++ ++ ubirmvol ++ ubirmvol -n VOLID | -N VOLNAME UBI_DEVICE ++ ++ Remove UBI volume ++ ++ -n VOLID Volume ID ++ -N VOLNAME Volume name ++ ++ ubirsvol ++ ubirsvol -n VOLID -s SIZE UBI_DEVICE ++ ++ Resize UBI volume ++ ++ -n VOLID Volume ID ++ -s SIZE Size in bytes ++ ++ ubiupdatevol ++ ubiupdatevol -t UBI_DEVICE | [-s SIZE] UBI_DEVICE IMG_FILE ++ ++ Update UBI volume ++ ++ -t Truncate to zero size ++ -s SIZE Size in bytes to resize to ++ ++ udhcpc ++ udhcpc [-fbqvRB] [-a[MSEC]] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC|-n] [-i IFACE] [-s ++ PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-oC] [-r IP] [-V VENDOR] [-F NAME] [-x OPT:VAL]... ++ [-O OPT]... ++ ++ -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) ++ -p FILE Create pidfile ++ -B Request broadcast replies ++ -t N Send up to N discover packets (default 3) ++ -T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++ -A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++ -b Background if lease is not obtained ++ -n Exit if lease is not obtained ++ -q Exit after obtaining lease ++ -R Release IP on exit ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -a[MSEC] Validate offered address with ARP ping ++ -r IP Request this IP address ++ -o Don't request any options (unless -O is given) ++ -O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++ -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++ Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++ -x hostname:bbox - option 12 ++ -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) ++ -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) ++ -x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted) ++ -F NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME ++ -V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION') ++ -C Don't send MAC as client identifier ++ -v Verbose ++ Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Renew lease ++ USR2 Release lease ++ ++ udhcpc6 ++ udhcpc6 [-fbqvR] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC|-n] [-i IFACE] [-s PROG] [-p ++ PIDFILE] [-mldo] [-r IPv6] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]... ++ ++ -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -p FILE Create pidfile ++ -s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default6.script) ++ -t N Send up to N discover packets ++ -T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++ -A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++ -b Background if lease is not obtained ++ -n Exit if lease is not obtained ++ -q Exit after obtaining lease ++ -R Release IP on exit ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -m Send multicast renew requests rather than unicast ones ++ -l Send 'information request' instead of 'solicit' ++ (used for servers which do not assign IPv6 addresses) ++ -r IPv6 Request this address ('no' to not request any IP) ++ -d Request prefix ++ -o Don't request any options (unless -O is given) ++ -O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++ -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++ Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++ -x hostname:bbox - option 12 ++ -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) ++ -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) ++ -x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted) ++ -v Verbose ++ Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Renew lease ++ USR2 Release lease ++ ++ udhcpd ++ udhcpd [-fS] [-I ADDR] [-a MSEC] [CONFFILE] ++ ++ DHCP server ++ ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -I ADDR Local address ++ -a MSEC Timeout for ARP ping (default 2000) ++ Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Update lease file ++ ++ udpsvd ++ udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG ++ ++ Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets. Run ++ PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same peer ++ ip:port to it. ++ ++ IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++ PROG ARGS Program to run ++ -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++ -c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++ -E Don't set up environment ++ -h Look up peer's hostname ++ -l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++ -v Verbose ++ ++ Environment if no -E: PROTO='UDP' UDPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' ++ for IPv6) UDPLOCALADDR='ip:port' If -h: UDPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME ++ is used if specified) UDPREMOTEHOST='hostname' ++ ++ uevent ++ uevent [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ uevent runs PROG for every netlink notification. PROG's environment ++ contains data passed from the kernel. Typical usage (daemon for dynamic ++ device node creation): # uevent mdev & mdev -s ++ ++ umount ++ umount [-rlfda] [-t FSTYPE] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY ++ ++ Unmount filesystems ++ ++ -a Unmount all filesystems ++ -r Remount devices read-only if mount is busy ++ -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) ++ -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) ++ -d Free loop device if it has been used ++ -t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s) ++ ++ uname ++ uname [-amnrspvio] ++ ++ Print system information ++ ++ -a Print all ++ -m Machine (hardware) type ++ -n Hostname ++ -r Kernel release ++ -s Kernel name (default) ++ -p Processor type ++ -v Kernel version ++ -i Hardware platform ++ -o OS name ++ ++ unexpand ++ unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]... ++ ++ Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout ++ ++ -a Convert all blanks ++ -f Convert only leading blanks ++ -t N Tabstops every N chars ++ ++ uniq ++ uniq [-cduiz] [-f,s,w N] [FILE [OUTFILE]] ++ ++ Discard duplicate lines ++ ++ -c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences ++ -d Only print duplicate lines ++ -u Only print unique lines ++ -i Ignore case ++ -z NUL terminated output ++ -f N Skip first N fields ++ -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) ++ -w N Compare N characters in line ++ ++ unix2dos ++ unix2dos [-ud] [FILE] ++ ++ Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given, ++ use stdin/stdout. ++ ++ -u dos2unix ++ -d unix2dos ++ ++ unlink ++ unlink FILE ++ ++ Delete FILE by calling unlink() ++ ++ unlzma ++ unlzma [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++ unshare ++ unshare [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ -m,--mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace ++ -u,--uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.) ++ -i,--ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace ++ -n,--net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace ++ -p,--pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace ++ -U,--user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace ++ -f Fork before execing PROG ++ -r Map current user to root (implies -U) ++ --mount-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies -m) ++ --propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged ++ Modify mount propagation in mount namespace ++ --setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces ++ ++ unxz ++ unxz [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++ unzip ++ unzip [-lnojpqK] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [-x FILE]... [-d DIR] ++ ++ Extract FILEs from ZIP archive ++ ++ -l List contents (with -q for short form) ++ -n Never overwrite files (default: ask) ++ -o Overwrite ++ -j Do not restore paths ++ -p Write to stdout ++ -t Test ++ -q Quiet ++ -K Do not clear SUID bit ++ -x FILE Exclude FILEs ++ -d DIR Extract into DIR ++ ++ uptime ++ uptime ++ ++ Display the time since the last boot ++ ++ users ++ users ++ ++ Print the users currently logged on ++ ++ usleep ++ usleep N ++ ++ Pause for N microseconds ++ ++ uudecode ++ uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE] ++ ++ Uudecode a file Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless -o is given ++ ++ uuencode ++ uuencode [-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME ++ ++ Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout ++ ++ -m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521 ++ ++ uuidgen ++ uuidgen ++ ++ Generate a random UUID ++ ++ vconfig ++ vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS] ++ ++ Create and remove virtual ethernet devices ++ ++ add IFACE VLAN_ID ++ rem VLAN_NAME ++ set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS ++ set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++ set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++ set_name_type NAME_TYPE ++ ++ vi ++ vi [-c CMD] [-R] [-H] [FILE]... ++ ++ Edit FILE ++ ++ -c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT and ~/.exrc also available) ++ -R Read-only ++ -H List available features ++ ++ vlock ++ vlock [-a] ++ ++ Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock. ++ ++ -a Lock all VTs ++ ++ vmstat ++ vmstat [-n] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] ++ ++ Show virtual memory statistics ++ ++ -n Show header once ++ ++ volname ++ volname [DEVICE] ++ ++ Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom) ++ ++ w ++ w ++ ++ Show who is logged on ++ ++ wall ++ wall [FILE] ++ ++ Write content of FILE or stdin to all logged-in users ++ ++ watch ++ watch [-n SEC] [-tx] PROG ARGS ++ ++ Run PROG periodically ++ ++ -n SEC Period (default 2) ++ -t Don't print header ++ -x exec(PROG,ARGS) instead of sh -c 'PROG ARGS' ++ ++ watchdog ++ watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV ++ ++ Periodically write to watchdog device DEV ++ ++ -T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) ++ -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) ++ -F Run in foreground ++ ++ Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds ++ ++ wc ++ wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]... ++ ++ Count lines, words, and bytes for FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Count bytes ++ -m Count characters ++ -l Count newlines ++ -w Count words ++ -L Print longest line length ++ ++ wget ++ wget [-cqS] [--spider] [-O FILE] [-o LOGFILE] [--header STR] ++ [--post-data STR | --post-file FILE] [-Y on/off] ++ [--no-check-certificate] [-P DIR] [-U AGENT] [-T SEC] URL... ++ ++ Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP ++ ++ --spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists ++ --header STR Add STR (of form 'header: value') to headers ++ --post-data STR Send STR using POST method ++ --post-file FILE Send FILE using POST method ++ --no-check-certificate Don't validate the server's certificate ++ -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer ++ -q Quiet ++ -P DIR Save to DIR (default .) ++ -S Show server response ++ -T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds ++ -O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout) ++ -o LOGFILE Log messages to FILE ++ -U STR Use STR for User-Agent header ++ -Y on/off Use proxy ++ ++ which ++ which [-a] COMMAND... ++ ++ Locate COMMAND ++ ++ -a Show all matches ++ ++ who ++ who [-aH] ++ ++ Show who is logged on ++ ++ -a Show all ++ -H Print column headers ++ ++ whoami ++ whoami ++ ++ Print the user name associated with the current effective user id ++ ++ whois ++ whois [-i] [-h SERVER] [-p PORT] NAME... ++ ++ Query WHOIS info about NAME ++ ++ -i Show redirect results too ++ -h,-p Server to query ++ ++ xargs ++ xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ Run PROG on every item given by stdin ++ ++ -0 NUL terminated input ++ -a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++ -o Reopen stdin as /dev/tty ++ -r Don't run command if input is empty ++ -t Print the command on stderr before execution ++ -p Ask user whether to run each command ++ -E STR,-e[STR] STR stops input processing ++ -I STR Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line ++ -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG ++ -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes ++ -P N Run up to N PROGs in parallel ++ -x Exit if size is exceeded ++ ++ xxd ++ xxd [-ri] [-ps] [-g N] [-c N] [-l LEN] [-s OFS] [-o OFS] [FILE] ++ ++ Hex dump FILE (or stdin) ++ ++ -g N Bytes per group (default 2) ++ -c N Bytes per line (default:16, -ps:30, -i:12) ++ -ps Show only hex bytes (no offset/spaces) ++ -i C include file style ++ -l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++ -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes ++ -o OFFSET Add OFFSET to displayed offset ++ -r Reverse (with -p, assumes no offsets in input) ++ ++ xz ++ xz -d [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++ xzcat ++ xzcat [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress to stdout ++ ++ yes ++ yes [STRING] ++ ++ Repeatedly print a line with STRING, or 'y' ++ ++ zcat ++ zcat [FILE]... ++ ++ Decompress to stdout ++ ++ zcip ++ zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT ++ ++ Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address ++ ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -q Quit after obtaining address ++ -r 169.254.x.x Request this address first ++ -l x.x.0.0 Use this range instead of 169.254 ++ -v Verbose ++ ++ $LOGGING=none Suppress logging $LOGGING=syslog Log to syslog ++ ++ With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits only ++ on I/O errors (link down etc) ++ ++LIBC NSS ++ GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the ++ behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure ++ how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This ++ is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using ++ one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using ++ any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login ++ and su, will use libc functions that require NSS. ++ ++ If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions ++ to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files ++ without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the ++ need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries. ++ ++ When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly ++ require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in ++ particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, ++ and /lib/libresolv*). ++ ++ Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as ++ uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc ++ does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries. ++ ++MAINTAINER ++ Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> ++ ++AUTHORS ++ The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know ++ it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should ++ probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If ++ you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done ++ needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update. ++ ++ Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it> ++ ++ run-parts ++ ++ Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org> ++ ++ Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the ++ core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. ++ Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that ++ nobody is going to actually read. ++ ++ Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk> ++ ++ rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm ++ ++ Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com> ++ ++ ftpput, ftpget ++ ++ Edward Betts <edward@debian.org> ++ ++ expr, hostid, logname, whoami ++ ++ John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org> ++ ++ du, nslookup, sort ++ ++ Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com> ++ ++ tiny-ls(ls) ++ ++ Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org> ++ ++ fbset, ping, hostname ++ ++ Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com> ++ ++ more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, ++ various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance ++ ++ Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net> ++ ++ ipcalc ++ ++ Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se> ++ ++ tftp client insmod powerpc support ++ ++ Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov> ++ ++ pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes. ++ ++ Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org> ++ ++ httpd ++ ++ Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com> ++ ++ Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, ++ logread), various fixes. ++ ++ Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org> ++ ++ cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. ++ ++ Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org> ++ ++ mktemp.c ++ ++ Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu> ++ ++ documentation, bugfixes, test suite ++ ++ Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net> ++ ++ ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence ++ ++ John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com> ++ ++ tr ++ ++ Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au> ++ ++ Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, ++ nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. ++ Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches. ++ ++ Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org> ++ ++ cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, ++ mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, ++ get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines ++ ++ also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in ++ ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, ++ mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, ++ interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route ++ ++ Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru> ++ ++ cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); ++ ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; ++ locale, various fixes ++ and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. ++ ++ Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com> ++ ++ Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can ++ still be found hiding here and there... ++ ++ Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org> ++ ++ bug fixes, member of fan club ++ ++ Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com> ++ ++ reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches. ++ ++ Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com> ++ ++ wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications ++ ++ Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org> ++ ++ Lots of bugs fixes and patches. ++ ++ Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com> ++ ++ Remote logging feature for syslogd ++ ++ Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com> ++ ++ mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix ++ ++ Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org> ++ ++ grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), ++ style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc. ++ ++ Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com> ++ ++ gzip, mini-netcat(nc) ++ ++ Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es> ++ ++ tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance ++ ++ Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it> ++ ++ devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt. ++ ++ Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us> ++ ++ vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes ++ ++ Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name> ++ ++ port: dnsd ++ ++ Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com> ++ ++ misc ++ ++ Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> ++ ++ initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc ++ ++ Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com> ++ ++ fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes) ++ +diff --color -ruN busybox-1.38.0/docs/busybox.1 modified-busybox/docs/busybox.1 +--- busybox-1.38.0/docs/busybox.1 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 ++++ modified-busybox/docs/busybox.1 2026-06-04 00:42:45.425846874 +0200 +@@ -0,0 +1,5485 @@ ++.\" -*- mode: troff; coding: utf-8 -*- ++.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v6.0.2 (Pod::Simple 3.45) ++.\" ++.\" Standard preamble: ++.\" ======================================================================== ++.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) ++.if t .sp .5v ++.if n .sp ++.. ++.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text ++.ft CW ++.nf ++.ne \\$1 ++.. ++.de Ve \" End verbatim text ++.ft R ++.fi ++.. ++.\" \*(C` and \*(C' are quotes in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>. ++.ie n \{\ ++. ds C` ++. ds C' ++'br\} ++.el\{\ ++. ds C` ++. ds C' ++'br\} ++.\" ++.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. ++.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq ++.el .ds Aq ' ++.\" ++.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for ++.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index ++.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the ++.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. ++.\" ++.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. ++.de IX ++.. ++.nr rF 0 ++.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 ++.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\ ++. if \nF \{\ ++. de IX ++. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" ++.. ++. if !\nF==2 \{\ ++. nr % 0 ++. nr F 2 ++. \} ++. \} ++.\} ++.rr rF ++.\" ++.\" Required to disable full justification in groff 1.23.0. ++.if n .ds AD l ++.\" ======================================================================== ++.\" ++.IX Title "BUSYBOX 1" ++.TH BUSYBOX 1 2026-06-03 "version 1.38.0" busybox ++.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes ++.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. ++.if n .ad l ++.nh ++.SH NAME ++BusyBox \- The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux ++.SH SYNTAX ++.IX Header "SYNTAX" ++.Vb 1 ++\& busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or ++\& ++\& <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked ++.Ve ++.SH DESCRIPTION ++.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" ++BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single ++small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities ++you usually find in GNU coreutils, util\-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox ++generally have fewer options than their full\-featured GNU cousins; however, the ++options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very ++much like their GNU counterparts. ++.PP ++BusyBox has been written with size\-optimization and limited resources in mind. ++It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or ++features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded ++systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. ++BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded ++system. ++.PP ++BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the ++components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run \*(Aqmake config\*(Aq or \*(Aqmake ++menuconfig\*(Aq to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run ++\&\*(Aqmake\*(Aq to compile BusyBox using your configuration. ++.PP ++After the compile has finished, you should use \*(Aqmake install\*(Aq to install ++BusyBox. This will install the \*(Aqbin/busybox\*(Aq binary, in the target directory ++specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, ++or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a ++command line like \*(Aqmake CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install\*(Aq). If you enabled ++any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will ++also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX. ++.SH USAGE ++.IX Header "USAGE" ++BusyBox is a multi\-call binary. A multi\-call binary is an executable program ++that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there ++is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large ++number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built\-in ++utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common ++operations. ++.PP ++You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the ++command line. For example, entering ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& /bin/busybox ls ++.Ve ++.PP ++will also cause BusyBox to behave as \*(Aqls\*(Aq. ++.PP ++Of course, adding \*(Aq/bin/busybox\*(Aq into every command would be painful. So most ++people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary. ++.PP ++For example, entering ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& ln \-s /bin/busybox ls ++\& ./ls ++.Ve ++.PP ++will cause BusyBox to behave as \*(Aqls\*(Aq (if the \*(Aqls\*(Aq command has been compiled ++into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these ++links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run ++the \*(Aqmake install\*(Aq command. ++.PP ++If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the ++applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary. ++.SH "COMMON OPTIONS" ++.IX Header "COMMON OPTIONS" ++Most BusyBox applets support the \fB\-\-help\fR argument to provide a terse runtime ++description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has ++been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available. ++.SH COMMANDS ++.IX Header "COMMANDS" ++Currently available applets include: ++.PP ++\&\f(CW\*(C`[\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`[[\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`acpid\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`add\-shell\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`addgroup\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`adduser\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`adjtimex\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`arch\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`arp\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`arping\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ascii\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ash\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`awk\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`base32\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`base64\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`basename\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bc\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`beep\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`blkdiscard\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`blkid\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`blockdev\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bootchartd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`brctl\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bunzip2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bzcat\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`bzip2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`cal\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`cat\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`chat\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`chattr\*(C'\fR, 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\f(CW\*(C`dpkg\-deb\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`du\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`dumpkmap\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`dumpleases\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`echo\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ed\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`egrep\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`eject\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`env\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`envdir\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`envuidgid\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ether\-wake\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`expand\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`expr\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`factor\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fakeidentd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fallocate\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`false\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fatattr\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fbset\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fbsplash\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fdflush\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fdformat\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fdisk\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`fgconsole\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fgrep\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`find\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`findfs\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`flock\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fold\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`free\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`freeramdisk\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`fsck\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fsck.minix\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fsfreeze\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fstrim\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fsync\*(C'\fR, 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\f(CW\*(C`setfont\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`setkeycodes\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`setlogcons\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`setpriv\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`setserial\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`setsid\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`setuidgid\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sh\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sha1sum\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sha256sum\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`sha384sum\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sha3sum\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sha512sum\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`showkey\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`shred\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`shuf\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`slattach\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`sleep\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`smemcap\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`softlimit\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sort\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`split\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ssl_client\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ssl_server\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`start\-stop\-daemon\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`stat\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`strings\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`stty\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`su\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sulogin\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sum\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sv\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`svc\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`svlogd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`svok\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`swapoff\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`swapon\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`switch_root\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sync\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sysctl\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`syslogd\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`tac\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tail\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tar\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`taskset\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tc\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tcpsvd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tee\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`telnet\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`telnetd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`test\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`tftp\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tftpd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`time\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`timeout\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`top\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`touch\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tr\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`traceroute\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`traceroute6\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`tree\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`true\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`truncate\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ts\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tsort\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tty\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ttysize\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`tunctl\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ubiattach\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`ubidetach\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ubimkvol\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ubirename\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ubirmvol\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ubirsvol\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ubiupdatevol\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`udhcpc\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`udhcpc6\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`udhcpd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`udpsvd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`uevent\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`umount\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`uname\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`unexpand\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`uniq\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`unix2dos\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`unlink\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`unlzma\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`unshare\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`unxz\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`unzip\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`uptime\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`users\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`usleep\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`uudecode\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`uuencode\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`uuidgen\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vconfig\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vi\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vlock\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmstat\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`volname\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`w\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`wall\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`watch\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`watchdog\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`wc\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`wget\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`which\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`who\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`whoami\*(C'\fR, ++\&\f(CW\*(C`whois\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`xargs\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`xxd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`xz\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`xzcat\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`yes\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`zcat\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`zcip\*(C'\fR ++.SH "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS" ++.IX Header "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS" ++.SS acpid ++.IX Subsection "acpid" ++acpid [\-df] [\-c CONFDIR] [\-l LOGFILE] [\-a ACTIONFILE] [\-M MAPFILE] [\-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [\-p PIDFILE] ++.PP ++Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-d Log to stderr, not log file (implies \-f) ++\& \-f Run in foreground ++\& \-c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] ++\& \-e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] ++\& \-l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log] ++\& \-p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid] ++\& \-a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf] ++\& \-M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map] ++.Ve ++.PP ++Accept and ignore compatibility options \-g \-m \-s \-S \-v ++.SS add\-shell ++.IX Subsection "add-shell" ++add\-shell SHELL... ++.PP ++Add SHELLs to /etc/shells ++.SS addgroup ++.IX Subsection "addgroup" ++addgroup [\-g GID] [\-S] [USER] GROUP ++.PP ++Add a group or add a user to a group ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-g GID Group id ++\& \-S Create a system group ++.Ve ++.SS adduser ++.IX Subsection "adduser" ++adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP] ++.PP ++Create new user, or add USER to GROUP ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-h DIR Home directory ++\& \-g GECOS GECOS field ++\& \-s SHELL Login shell ++\& \-G GRP Group ++\& \-S Create a system user ++\& \-D Don\*(Aqt assign a password ++\& \-H Don\*(Aqt create home directory ++\& \-u UID User id ++\& \-k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel) ++.Ve ++.SS adjtimex ++.IX Subsection "adjtimex" ++adjtimex [\-q] [\-o OFS] [\-f FREQ] [\-p TCONST] [\-t TICK] ++.PP ++Read or set kernel time variables. See \fBadjtimex\fR\|(2) ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-q Quiet ++\& \-o OFF Time offset, microseconds ++\& \-f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) ++\& \-t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 ++\& (positive \-t or \-f values make clock run faster) ++\& \-p TCONST ++.Ve ++.SS arch ++.IX Subsection "arch" ++arch ++.PP ++Print system architecture ++.SS arp ++.IX Subsection "arp" ++arp ++[\-vn] [\-H HWTYPE] [\-i IF] \-a [HOSTNAME] ++[\-v] [\-i IF] \-d HOSTNAME [pub] ++[\-v] [\-H HWTYPE] [\-i IF] \-s HOSTNAME HWADDR [temp] ++[\-v] [\-H HWTYPE] [\-i IF] \-s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask MASK] pub ++[\-v] [\-H HWTYPE] [\-i IF] \-Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask MASK] pub ++.PP ++Manipulate ARP cache ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-a Display (all) hosts ++\& \-d Delete ARP entry ++\& \-s Set new entry ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names ++\& \-i IF Network interface ++\& \-D Read HWADDR from IFACE ++\& \-A,\-p AF Protocol family ++\& \-H HWTYPE Hardware address type ++.Ve ++.SS arping ++.IX Subsection "arping" ++arping [\-fqbDUA] [\-c CNT] [\-w TIMEOUT] [\-I IFACE] [\-s SRC_IP] DST_IP ++.PP ++Send ARP requests/replies ++.PP ++.Vb 11 ++\& \-f Quit on first ARP reply ++\& \-q Quiet ++\& \-b Keep broadcasting, don\*(Aqt go unicast ++\& \-D Exit with 1 if DST_IP replies ++\& \-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors ++\& \-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors ++\& \-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests ++\& \-w TIMEOUT Seconds to wait for ARP reply ++\& \-I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++\& \-s SRC_IP Sender IP address ++\& DST_IP Target IP address ++.Ve ++.SS ash ++.IX Subsection "ash" ++ash [\-il] [\-|+Cabefmnuvx] [\-|+o OPT]... [\-c \*(AqSCRIPT\*(Aq [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | \-s ARGS] ++.PP ++Unix shell interpreter ++.SS awk ++.IX Subsection "awk" ++awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]... ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-v VAR=VAL Set variable ++\& \-F SEP Use SEP as field separator ++\& \-f/\-E FILE Read program from FILE ++\& \-e AWK_PROGRAM ++.Ve ++.SS base32 ++.IX Subsection "base32" ++base32 [\-d] [\-w COL] [FILE] ++.PP ++Base32 encode or decode FILE to standard output ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-d Decode data ++\& \-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables) ++.Ve ++.SS base64 ++.IX Subsection "base64" ++base64 [\-d] [\-w COL] [FILE] ++.PP ++Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-d Decode data ++\& \-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables) ++.Ve ++.SS basename ++.IX Subsection "basename" ++basename FILE [SUFFIX] | \-a FILE... | \-s SUFFIX FILE... ++.PP ++Strip directory path and SUFFIX from FILE ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-a All arguments are FILEs ++\& \-s SUFFIX Remove SUFFIX (implies \-a) ++.Ve ++.SS bc ++.IX Subsection "bc" ++bc [\-sqlw] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Arbitrary precision calculator ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-q Quiet ++\& \-l Load standard library ++\& \-s Be POSIX compatible ++\& \-w Warn if extensions are used ++.Ve ++.PP ++\&\f(CW$BC_LINE_LENGTH\fR changes output width ++.SS beep ++.IX Subsection "beep" ++beep \-f FREQ \-l LEN \-d DELAY \-r COUNT \-n ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-f Frequency in Hz ++\& \-l Length in ms ++\& \-d Delay in ms ++\& \-r Repetitions ++\& \-n Start new tone ++.Ve ++.SS blkdiscard ++.IX Subsection "blkdiscard" ++blkdiscard [\-o OFS] [\-l LEN] [\-s] DEVICE ++.PP ++Discard sectors on DEVICE ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-o OFS Byte offset into device ++\& \-l LEN Number of bytes to discard ++\& \-s Perform a secure discard ++.Ve ++.SS blkid ++.IX Subsection "blkid" ++blkid [BLOCKDEV]... ++.PP ++Print UUIDs of all filesystems ++.SS blockdev ++.IX Subsection "blockdev" ++blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV ++.PP ++.Vb 12 ++\& \-\-setro Set ro ++\& \-\-setrw Set rw ++\& \-\-getro Get ro ++\& \-\-getss Get sector size ++\& \-\-getbsz Get block size ++\& \-\-setbsz BYTES Set block size ++\& \-\-getsz Get device size in 512\-byte sectors ++\& \-\-getsize64 Get device size in bytes ++\& \-\-getra Get readahead in 512\-byte sectors ++\& \-\-setra SECTORS Set readahead ++\& \-\-flushbufs Flush buffers ++\& \-\-rereadpt Reread partition table ++.Ve ++.SS bootchartd ++.IX Subsection "bootchartd" ++bootchartd start [PROG ARGS]|stop|init ++.PP ++Create /var/log/bootchart.tgz with boot chart data ++.PP ++start: start background logging; with PROG, run PROG, then kill logging with USR1 ++stop: send USR1 to all bootchartd processes ++init: start background logging; stop when getty/xdm is seen (for init scripts) ++Under PID 1: as init, then exec \f(CW$bootchart_init\fR, /init, /sbin/init ++.SS brctl ++.IX Subsection "brctl" ++brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [ARGS]] ++.PP ++Manage ethernet bridges ++Commands: ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& show [BRIDGE]... Show bridges ++\& addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE ++\& delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE ++\& addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE ++\& delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE ++\& showmacs BRIDGE List MAC addresses ++\& showstp BRIDGE Show STP info ++\& stp BRIDGE 1/yes/on|0/no/off Set STP on/off ++\& setageing BRIDGE SECONDS Set ageing time ++\& setfd BRIDGE SECONDS Set bridge forward delay ++\& sethello BRIDGE SECONDS Set hello time ++\& setmaxage BRIDGE SECONDS Set max message age ++\& setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority ++\& setportprio BRIDGE IFACE PRIO Set port priority ++\& setpathcost BRIDGE IFACE COST Set path cost ++.Ve ++.SS bunzip2 ++.IX Subsection "bunzip2" ++bunzip2 [\-cfk] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-c Write to stdout ++\& \-f Force ++\& \-k Keep input files ++\& \-t Test integrity ++.Ve ++.SS bzcat ++.IX Subsection "bzcat" ++bzcat [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress to stdout ++.SS bzip2 ++.IX Subsection "bzip2" ++bzip2 [\-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-1..9 Compression level ++\& \-d Decompress ++\& \-c Write to stdout ++\& \-f Force ++\& \-k Keep input files ++\& \-t Test integrity ++.Ve ++.SS cal ++.IX Subsection "cal" ++cal [\-jmy] [[MONTH] YEAR] ++.PP ++Display a calendar ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-j Use julian dates ++\& \-m Week starts on Monday ++\& \-y Display the entire year ++.Ve ++.SS cat ++.IX Subsection "cat" ++cat [\-nbvteA] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print FILEs to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-n Number output lines ++\& \-b Number nonempty lines ++\& \-v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M\-x ++\& \-t ...and tabs as ^I ++\& \-e ...and end lines with $ ++\& \-A Same as \-vte ++.Ve ++.SS chat ++.IX Subsection "chat" ++chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND]]...] ++.PP ++Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. ++A script consists of "expect\-send" argument pairs. ++Example: ++.PP ++chat \*(Aq\*(Aq ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT \*(Aq\*(Aq ogin: pppuser word: ppppass \*(Aq~\*(Aq ++.SS chattr ++.IX Subsection "chattr" ++chattr [\-R] [\-v VERSION] [\-p PROJID] [\-+=AacDdijsStTu] FILE... ++.PP ++Change ext2 file attributes ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-R Recurse ++\& \-v NUM Set version/generation number ++\& \-p NUM Set project number ++\&Modifiers: ++\& ++\& \-,+,= Remove/add/set attributes ++\&Attributes: ++\& ++\& A No atime ++\& a Append only ++\& C No copy\-on\-write ++\& c Compressed ++\& D Synchronous dir updates ++\& d Don\*(Aqt backup with dump ++\& E Encrypted ++\& e File uses extents ++\& F Case\-insensitive dir ++\& I Indexed dir ++\& i Immutable ++\& j Write data to journal first ++\& N File is stored in inode ++\& P Hierarchical project ID dir ++\& S Synchronous file updates ++\& s Zero storage when deleted ++\& T Top of dir hierarchy ++\& t Don\*(Aqt tail\-merge with other files ++\& u Allow undelete ++\& V Verity ++.Ve ++.SS chgrp ++.IX Subsection "chgrp" ++chgrp [\-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE... ++.PP ++Change the group membership of FILEs to GROUP ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++\& \-L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++\& \-H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++\& \-P Don\*(Aqt traverse symlinks (default) ++\& \-R Recurse ++\& \-c List changed files ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-f Hide errors ++.Ve ++.SS chmod ++.IX Subsection "chmod" ++chmod [\-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... ++.PP ++MODE is octal number (bit pattern sstrwxrwxrwx) or [ugoa]{+|\-|=}[rwxXst] ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-R Recurse ++\& \-c List changed files ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-f Hide errors ++.Ve ++.SS chown ++.IX Subsection "chown" ++chown [\-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[GRP]] FILE... ++.PP ++Change the owner and/or group of FILEs to USER and/or GRP ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++\& \-L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++\& \-H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++\& \-P Don\*(Aqt traverse symlinks (default) ++\& \-R Recurse ++\& \-c List changed files ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-f Hide errors ++.Ve ++.SS chpasswd ++.IX Subsection "chpasswd" ++chpasswd [\-me] [\-c ALG] [\-R DIR] ++.PP ++Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-e Supplied passwords are in encrypted form ++\& \-m Encrypt using md5, not des ++\& \-c ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++\& \-R DIR Directory to chroot into ++.Ve ++.SS chpst ++.IX Subsection "chpst" ++chpst [\-vP012] [\-u USER[:GRP]] [\-U USER[:GRP]] [\-e DIR] ++ [\-/ DIR] [\-n NICE] [\-m BYTES] [\-d BYTES] [\-o N] ++ [\-p N] [\-f BYTES] [\-c BYTES] PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Change the process state, run PROG ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid ++\& \-U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment ++\& \-e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files ++\& in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file ++\& \-/ DIR Chroot to DIR ++\& \-n NICE Add NICE to nice value ++\& \-m BYTES Same as \-d BYTES \-s BYTES \-l BYTES ++\& \-d BYTES Limit data segment ++\& \-o N Limit number of open files per process ++\& \-p N Limit number of processes per uid ++\& \-f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++\& \-c BYTES Limit core file size ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-P Create new process group ++\& \-0 Close stdin ++\& \-1 Close stdout ++\& \-2 Close stderr ++.Ve ++.SS chroot ++.IX Subsection "chroot" ++chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS] ++.PP ++Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT ++.SS chrt ++.IX Subsection "chrt" ++chrt \-m | [\-rfobi] { \-p [PRIO] PID | PRIO PROG ARGS } ++.PP ++Change scheduling priority and class (default RR) for a process ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-m Show min/max priorities ++\& \-p Operate on PID ++\& \-r Set SCHED_RR class ++\& \-f Set SCHED_FIFO class ++\& \-o Set SCHED_OTHER class ++\& \-b Set SCHED_BATCH class ++\& \-i Set SCHED_IDLE class ++.Ve ++.SS chvt ++.IX Subsection "chvt" ++chvt N ++.PP ++Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN ++.SS cksum ++.IX Subsection "cksum" ++cksum FILE... ++.PP ++Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs ++.SS clear ++.IX Subsection "clear" ++clear ++.PP ++Clear screen ++.SS cmp ++.IX Subsection "cmp" ++cmp [\-l|s] [\-n NUM] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]] ++.PP ++Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-l Show decimal offset and octal byte value for differing bytes, ++\& don\*(Aqt stop on first mismatch ++\& \-s Quiet ++\& \-n NUM Compare at most NUM bytes ++.Ve ++.SS comm ++.IX Subsection "comm" ++comm [\-123] FILE1 FILE2 ++.PP ++Compare FILE1 with FILE2 ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 ++\& \-2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 ++\& \-3 Suppress lines common to both files ++.Ve ++.SS conspy ++.IX Subsection "conspy" ++conspy [\-vcsndfFQ] [\-x COL] [\-y LINE] [CONSOLE_NO] ++.PP ++A text\-mode VNC like program for Linux virtual consoles. ++To exit, quickly press ESC 3 times. ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-v Don\*(Aqt send keystrokes to the console ++\& \-c Create missing /dev/{tty,vcsa}N ++\& \-s Open a SHELL session ++\& \-n Black & white ++\& \-d Dump console to stdout ++\& \-f Follow cursor ++\& \-F Assume console is on a framebuffer device ++\& \-Q Disable exit on ESC\-ESC\-ESC ++\& \-x COL Starting column ++\& \-y LINE Starting line ++.Ve ++.SS cp ++.IX Subsection "cp" ++cp [\-arPLHpfinlsTu] SOURCE DEST ++or: cp [\-arPLHpfinlsu] SOURCE... { \-t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY } ++.PP ++Copy SOURCEs to DEST ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-a Same as \-dpR ++\& \-R,\-r Recurse ++\& \-d,\-P Preserve symlinks (default if \-R) ++\& \-L Follow all symlinks ++\& \-H Follow symlinks on command line ++\& \-p Preserve file attributes if possible ++\& \-f Overwrite ++\& \-i Prompt before overwrite ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt overwrite ++\& \-l,\-s Create (sym)links ++\& \-T Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory ++\& \-t DIR Copy all SOURCEs into DIR ++\& \-u Copy only newer files ++.Ve ++.SS cpio ++.IX Subsection "cpio" ++cpio [\-dmvu] [\-F FILE] [\-R USER[:GRP]] [\-H newc] [\-tio] [\-p DIR] [EXTR_FILE]... ++.PP ++Extract (\-i) or list (\-t) files from a cpio archive on stdin, or ++take file list from stdin and create an archive (\-o) or copy files (\-p) ++.PP ++Main operation mode: ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-t List ++\& \-i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all) ++\& \-o Create (requires \-H newc) ++\& \-p DIR Copy files to DIR ++\&Options: ++\& ++\& \-H newc Archive format ++\& \-d Make leading directories ++\& \-m Restore mtime ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-u Overwrite ++\& \-F FILE Input (\-t,\-i,\-p) or output (\-o) file ++\& \-R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files ++\& \-L Dereference symlinks ++\& \-0 NUL terminated input ++\& \-\-ignore\-devno ++\& \-\-renumber\-inodes ++.Ve ++.SS crc32 ++.IX Subsection "crc32" ++crc32 FILE... ++.PP ++Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs ++.SS crond ++.IX Subsection "crond" ++crond [\-fbS] [\-l N] [\-d N] [\-L LOGFILE] [\-c DIR] ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-f Foreground ++\& \-b Background (default) ++\& \-S Log to syslog (default) ++\& \-l N Set log level. Most verbose 0, default 8 ++\& \-d N Set log level, log to stderr ++\& \-L FILE Log to FILE ++\& \-c DIR Cron dir. Default:/var/spool/cron/crontabs ++.Ve ++.SS crontab ++.IX Subsection "crontab" ++crontab [\-c DIR] [\-u USER] [\-ler]|[FILE] ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-c Crontab directory ++\& \-u User ++\& \-l List crontab ++\& \-e Edit crontab ++\& \-r Delete crontab ++\& FILE Replace crontab by FILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq: stdin) ++.Ve ++.SS cryptpw ++.IX Subsection "cryptpw" ++cryptpw [\-P FD] [\-m TYPE] [\-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT] ++.PP ++Print \fBcrypt\fR\|(3) hashed PASSWORD ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-P N Read password from fd N ++\& \-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++\& \-S SALT ++.Ve ++.SS cttyhack ++.IX Subsection "cttyhack" ++cttyhack [PROG ARGS] ++.PP ++Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. ++Example for /etc/inittab (for busybox init): ++ ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh ++Giving controlling tty to shell running with PID 1: ++ $ exec cttyhack sh ++Starting interactive shell from boot shell script: ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& setsid cttyhack sh ++.Ve ++.SS cut ++.IX Subsection "cut" ++cut {\-b|c LIST | \-f|F LIST [\-d SEP] [\-s]} [\-D] [\-O SEP] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print selected fields from FILEs to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST ++\& \-c LIST Output only characters from LIST ++\& \-d SEP Input field delimiter (default \-f TAB, \-F run of whitespace) ++\& \-f LIST Print only these fields (\-d is single char) ++\& \-F LIST Print only these fields (\-d is regex) ++\& \-s Drop lines with no delimiter (else print them in full) ++\& \-D Don\*(Aqt sort ranges; line without delimiters has one field ++\& \-\-output\-delimiter SEP Output field delimeter ++\& \-n Ignored ++.Ve ++.SS date ++.IX Subsection "date" ++date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [[\-s] TIME] ++.PP ++Display time (using +FMT), or set time ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-u Work in UTC (don\*(Aqt convert to local time) ++\& [\-s] TIME Set time to TIME ++\& \-d TIME Display TIME, not \*(Aqnow\*(Aq ++\& \-D FMT FMT (strptime format) for \-s/\-d TIME conversion ++\& \-r FILE Display last modification time of FILE ++\& \-R Output RFC\-2822 date ++\& \-I[SPEC] Output ISO\-8601 date ++\& SPEC=date (default), hours, minutes, seconds or ns ++.Ve ++.PP ++Recognized TIME formats: ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& @seconds_since_1970 ++\& hh:mm[:ss] ++\& [YYYY.]MM.DD\-hh:mm[:ss] ++\& YYYY\-MM\-DD hh:mm[:ss] ++\& [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss] ++\& \*(Aqdate TIME\*(Aq form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead ++.Ve ++.SS dc ++.IX Subsection "dc" ++dc [\-x] [\-eSCRIPT]... [\-fFILE]... [FILE]... ++.PP ++Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: ++Arithmetic: + \- * / % ^ ++~ \- divide with remainder ++| \- modular exponentiation ++v \- square root ++p \- print top of the stack without popping ++f \- print entire stack ++k \- pop the value and set precision ++i \- pop the value and set input radix ++o \- pop the value and set output radix ++Examples: dc \-e\*(Aq2 2 + p\*(Aq \-> 4, dc \-e\*(Aq8 8 * 2 2 + / p\*(Aq \-> 16 ++.SS dd ++.IX Subsection "dd" ++dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] ++ [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] ++ [iflag=skip_bytes|count_bytes|fullblock|direct] [oflag=seek_bytes|append|direct] ++.PP ++Copy a file with converting and formatting ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++\& of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout ++\& bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time ++\& ibs=N Read N bytes at a time ++\& obs=N Write N bytes at a time ++\& count=N Copy only N input blocks ++\& skip=N Skip N input blocks ++\& seek=N Skip N output blocks ++\& conv=notrunc Don\*(Aqt truncate output file ++\& conv=noerror Continue after read errors ++\& conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros ++\& conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing ++\& conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes ++\& iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes ++\& iflag=count_bytes count=N is in bytes ++\& oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes ++\& iflag=direct O_DIRECT input ++\& oflag=direct O_DIRECT output ++\& iflag=fullblock Read full blocks ++\& oflag=append Open output in append mode ++\& status=noxfer Suppress rate output ++\& status=none Suppress all output ++.Ve ++.PP ++N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M, GB, G ++.SS deallocvt ++.IX Subsection "deallocvt" ++deallocvt [N] ++.PP ++Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN ++.SS delgroup ++.IX Subsection "delgroup" ++delgroup [USER] GROUP ++.PP ++Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP ++.SS deluser ++.IX Subsection "deluser" ++deluser [\-\-remove\-home] USER ++.PP ++Delete USER from the system ++.SS depmod ++.IX Subsection "depmod" ++depmod [\-n] ++.PP ++Generate modules.dep.bb ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-n Dry run: print file to stdout ++.Ve ++.SS devmem ++.IX Subsection "devmem" ++devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]] ++.PP ++Read/write from physical address ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& ADDRESS Address to act upon ++\& WIDTH Width (8/16/...) ++\& VALUE Data to be written ++.Ve ++.SS df ++.IX Subsection "df" ++df [\-PkmhTai] [\-B SIZE] [\-t TYPE] [FILESYSTEM]... ++.PP ++Print filesystem usage statistics ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-P POSIX output format ++\& \-k 1024\-byte blocks (default) ++\& \-m 1M\-byte blocks ++\& \-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) ++\& \-T Print filesystem type ++\& \-t TYPE Print only mounts of this type ++\& \-a Show all filesystems ++\& \-i Inodes ++\& \-B SIZE Blocksize ++.Ve ++.SS dhcprelay ++.IX Subsection "dhcprelay" ++dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2]... SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP] ++.PP ++Relay DHCP requests between clients and server. ++Without SERVER_IP, requests are broadcast on SERVER_IFACE. ++.SS diff ++.IX Subsection "diff" ++diff [\-abBdiNqrTstw] [\-L LABEL] [\-S FILE] [\-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2 ++.PP ++Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. ++This implementation supports unified diffs only. ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-a Treat all files as text ++\& \-b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace ++\& \-B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank ++\& \-d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes ++\& \-i Ignore case differences ++\& \-L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header ++\& \-N Treat absent files as empty ++\& \-q Output only whether files differ ++\& \-r Recurse ++\& \-S Start with FILE when comparing directories ++\& \-T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary ++\& \-s Report when two files are the same ++\& \-t Expand tabs to spaces in output ++\& \-U Output LINES lines of context ++\& \-w Ignore all whitespace ++.Ve ++.SS dirname ++.IX Subsection "dirname" ++dirname FILENAME ++.PP ++Strip non\-directory suffix from FILENAME ++.SS dmesg ++.IX Subsection "dmesg" ++dmesg [\-cr] [\-n LEVEL] [\-s SIZE] ++.PP ++Print or control the kernel ring buffer ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-c Clear ring buffer after printing ++\& \-n LEVEL Set console logging level ++\& \-s SIZE Buffer size ++\& \-r Print raw message buffer ++.Ve ++.SS dnsd ++.IX Subsection "dnsd" ++dnsd [\-dvs] [\-c CONFFILE] [\-t TTL_SEC] [\-p PORT] [\-i ADDR] ++.PP ++Small static DNS server daemon ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-c FILE Config file ++\& \-t SEC TTL ++\& \-p PORT Listen on PORT ++\& \-i ADDR Listen on ADDR ++\& \-d Daemonize ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-s Send successful replies only. Use this if you want ++\& to use /etc/resolv.conf with two nameserver lines: ++\& nameserver DNSD_SERVER ++\& nameserver NORMAL_DNS_SERVER ++.Ve ++.SS dos2unix ++.IX Subsection "dos2unix" ++dos2unix [\-ud] [FILE] ++.PP ++Convert FILE in\-place from DOS to Unix format. ++When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-u dos2unix ++\& \-d unix2dos ++.Ve ++.SS dpkg ++.IX Subsection "dpkg" ++dpkg [\-ilCPru] [\-F OPT] PACKAGE ++.PP ++Install, remove and manage Debian packages ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-i,\-\-install Install the package ++\& \-l,\-\-list List of installed packages ++\& \-\-configure Configure an unpackaged package ++\& \-P,\-\-purge Purge all files of a package ++\& \-r,\-\-remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package ++\& \-\-unpack Unpack a package, but don\*(Aqt configure it ++\& \-\-force\-depends Ignore dependency problems ++\& \-\-force\-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing ++\& \-\-force\-confold Keep old config files when installing ++.Ve ++.SS dpkg\-deb ++.IX Subsection "dpkg-deb" ++dpkg\-deb [\-cefxX] FILE [DIR] ++.PP ++Perform actions on Debian packages (.deb) ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-c List files ++\& \-f Print control fields ++\& \-e Extract control files to DIR (default: ./DEBIAN) ++\& \-x Extract files to DIR (no default) ++\& \-X Verbose extract ++.Ve ++.SS du ++.IX Subsection "du" ++du [\-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Summarize disk space used for FILEs (or directories) ++.PP ++.Vb 12 ++\& \-a Show file sizes too ++\& \-b Apparent size (including holes) ++\& \-L Follow all symlinks ++\& \-H Follow symlinks on command line ++\& \-d N Limit output to directories (and files with \-a) of depth < N ++\& \-c Show grand total ++\& \-l Count sizes many times if hard linked ++\& \-s Display only a total for each argument ++\& \-x Skip directories on different filesystems ++\& \-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G) ++\& \-m Sizes in megabytes ++\& \-k Sizes in kilobytes (default) ++.Ve ++.SS dumpkmap ++.IX Subsection "dumpkmap" ++dumpkmap > keymap ++.PP ++Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout ++.SS dumpleases ++.IX Subsection "dumpleases" ++dumpleases [\-r|\-a] [\-d] [\-f LEASEFILE] ++.PP ++Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-f FILE Lease file ++\& \-r Show remaining time ++\& \-a Show expiration time ++\& \-d Show time in seconds ++.Ve ++.SS echo ++.IX Subsection "echo" ++echo [\-neE] [ARG]... ++.PP ++Print ARGs to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-n No trailing newline ++\& \-e Interpret backslash escapes (\et=tab etc) ++\& \-E Don\*(Aqt interpret backslash escapes (default) ++.Ve ++.SS ed ++.IX Subsection "ed" ++ed [\-p PROMPT] [\-s] [FILE] ++.SS eject ++.IX Subsection "eject" ++eject [\-s] [\-t] [\-T] [DEVICE] ++.PP ++Eject DEVICE or default /dev/cdrom ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-s SCSI device ++\& \-t Close tray ++\& \-T Open/close tray (toggle) ++.Ve ++.SS env ++.IX Subsection "env" ++env [\-i0] [\-u NAME]... [\-] [NAME=VALUE]... [PROG ARGS] ++.PP ++Print current environment or run PROG after setting up environment ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-, \-i Start with empty environment ++\& \-0 NUL terminated output ++\& \-u NAME Remove variable from environment ++.Ve ++.SS envdir ++.IX Subsection "envdir" ++envdir DIR PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Set various environment variables as specified by files ++in the directory DIR, run PROG ++.SS envuidgid ++.IX Subsection "envuidgid" ++envuidgid USER PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Set \f(CW$UID\fR to USER\*(Aqs uid and \f(CW$GID\fR to USER\*(Aqs gid, run PROG ++.SS ether\-wake ++.IX Subsection "ether-wake" ++ether\-wake [\-b] [\-i IFACE] [\-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]/a.b.c.d] MAC ++.PP ++Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. ++MAC must be a station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or ++a hostname with a known \*(Aqethers\*(Aq entry. ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-b Broadcast the packet ++\& \-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++\& \-p PASSWORD Append four or six byte PASSWORD to the packet ++.Ve ++.SS expand ++.IX Subsection "expand" ++expand [\-i] [\-t N] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-i Don\*(Aqt convert tabs after non blanks ++\& \-t Tabstops every N chars ++.Ve ++.SS expr ++.IX Subsection "expr" ++expr EXPRESSION ++.PP ++Print the value of EXPRESSION ++.PP ++EXPRESSION may be: ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ++\& ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ++\& ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ++\& ARG1 <= ARG2 ++\& ARG1 = ARG2 ++\& ARG1 != ARG2 ++\& ARG1 >= ARG2 ++\& ARG1 > ARG2 ++\& ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: ++\& ARG1 \- ARG2 ++\& ARG1 * ARG2 ++\& ARG1 / ARG2 ++\& ARG1 % ARG2 ++\& STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING ++\& match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP ++\& substr STRING POS LEN Substring of STRING, POS counts from 1 ++\& index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 ++\& length STRING Length of STRING ++\& quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if ++\& it is a keyword like \*(Aqmatch\*(Aq or an ++\& operator like \*(Aq/\*(Aq ++\& (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION ++.Ve ++.PP ++Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. ++Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else ++lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between ++\&\e( and \e) or null; if \e( and \e) are not used, they return the number ++of characters matched or 0. ++.SS factor ++.IX Subsection "factor" ++factor [NUMBER]... ++.PP ++Print prime factors ++.SS fakeidentd ++.IX Subsection "fakeidentd" ++fakeidentd [\-fiw] [\-b ADDR] [STRING] ++.PP ++Provide fake ident (auth) service ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-f Run in foreground ++\& \-i Inetd mode ++\& \-w Inetd \*(Aqwait\*(Aq mode ++\& \-b ADDR Bind to specified address ++\& STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody) ++.Ve ++.SS fallocate ++.IX Subsection "fallocate" ++fallocate [\-o OFS] \-l LEN FILE ++.PP ++Preallocate space for FILE ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-o OFS Offset of range ++\& \-l LEN Length of range ++.Ve ++.SS fatattr ++.IX Subsection "fatattr" ++fatattr [\-+rhsvda] FILE... ++.PP ++Change file attributes on FAT filesystem ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \- Clear attributes ++\& + Set attributes ++\& r Read only ++\& h Hidden ++\& s System ++\& v Volume label ++\& d Directory ++\& a Archive ++.Ve ++.SS fbset ++.IX Subsection "fbset" ++fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE] ++.PP ++Show and modify frame buffer settings ++.SS fbsplash ++.IX Subsection "fbsplash" ++fbsplash \-s IMGFILE [\-c] [\-d DEV] [\-i INIFILE] [\-f CMD] ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-s Image ++\& \-c Hide cursor ++\& \-d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) ++\& \-i Config file (var=value): ++\& BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT ++\& BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B,IMG_LEFT,IMG_TOP ++\& \-f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) ++\& commands: \*(AqNN\*(Aq (% for progress bar) or \*(Aqexit\*(Aq ++.Ve ++.SS fdflush ++.IX Subsection "fdflush" ++fdflush DEVICE ++.PP ++Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change ++.SS fdformat ++.IX Subsection "fdformat" ++fdformat [\-n] DEVICE ++.PP ++Format floppy disk ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt verify after format ++.Ve ++.SS fdisk ++.IX Subsection "fdisk" ++fdisk [\-uls] [\-C CYLINDERS] [\-H HEADS] [\-S SECTORS] [\-b SSZ] [\-t PARTTYPE] DISK ++.PP ++Change partition table ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) ++\& \-l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit ++\& \-s Show sizes in kb for each DISK, then exit ++\& \-b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048\-byte sectors ++\& \-T PARTTYPE Force \*(Aqdos\*(Aq partition if \*(Aqgpt\*(Aq also present ++\& \-C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors ++\& \-H HEADS Typically 255 ++\& \-S SECTORS Typically 63 ++.Ve ++.SS fgconsole ++.IX Subsection "fgconsole" ++fgconsole ++.PP ++Get active console ++.SS find ++.IX Subsection "find" ++find [\-HL] [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS] ++.PP ++Search for files and perform actions on them. ++First failed action stops processing of current file. ++Defaults: PATH is current directory, action is \*(Aq\-print\*(Aq ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-L,\-follow Follow symlinks ++\& \-H ...on command line only ++\& \-xdev Don\*(Aqt descend directories on other filesystems ++\& \-maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. \-maxdepth 0 applies ++\& actions to command line arguments only ++\& \-mindepth N Don\*(Aqt act on first N levels ++\& \-depth Act on directory *after* traversing it ++.Ve ++.PP ++Actions: ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& ( ACTIONS ) Group actions for \-o / \-a ++\& ! ACT Invert ACT\*(Aqs success/failure ++\& ACT1 [\-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2 ++\& ACT1 \-o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2 ++\& Note: \-a has higher priority than \-o ++\& \-name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN ++\& \-iname PATTERN Case insensitive \-name ++\& \-path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN ++\& \-ipath PATTERN Case insensitive \-path ++\& \-regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN ++\& \-type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p) ++\& \-executable File is executable ++\& \-perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (\-MASK), ++\& or exactly MASK bits are set in file\*(Aqs mode ++\& \-mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (\-N), ++\& or exactly N days in the past ++\& \-atime DAYS atime +N/\-N/N days in the past ++\& \-ctime DAYS ctime +N/\-N/N days in the past ++\& \-mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (\-N), ++\& or exactly N minutes in the past ++\& \-amin MINS atime +N/\-N/N minutes in the past ++\& \-cmin MINS ctime +N/\-N/N minutes in the past ++\& \-newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE\*(Aqs ++\& \-inum N File has inode number N ++\& \-samefile FILE File is same as FILE ++\& \-user NAME/ID File is owned by given user ++\& \-group NAME/ID File is owned by given group ++\& \-size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)) ++\& +/\-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N ++\& \-links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (\-N), ++\& or exactly N ++\& \-empty Match empty file/directory ++\& \-prune If current file is directory, don\*(Aqt descend into it ++\&If none of the following actions is specified, \-print is assumed ++\& \-print Print file name ++\& \-print0 Print file name, NUL terminated ++\& \-exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by ++\& file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero ++\& \-exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names ++\& \-ok CMD ARG ; Prompt and run CMD with {} replaced ++\& \-delete Delete current file/directory. Turns on \-depth option ++\& \-quit Exit ++.Ve ++.SS findfs ++.IX Subsection "findfs" ++findfs LABEL=label | UUID=uuid ++.PP ++Find filesystem device based on label or UUID ++.SS flock ++.IX Subsection "flock" ++flock [\-sxun] FD | { FILE [\-c] PROG ARGS } ++.PP ++[Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-s Shared lock ++\& \-x Exclusive lock (default) ++\& \-u Unlock FD ++\& \-n Fail rather than wait ++.Ve ++.SS fold ++.IX Subsection "fold" ++fold [\-bs] [\-w WIDTH] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Wrap input lines in FILEs (or stdin), writing to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-b Count bytes rather than columns ++\& \-s Break at spaces ++\& \-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80 ++.Ve ++.SS free ++.IX Subsection "free" ++free [\-bkmgh] ++.PP ++Display free and used memory ++.SS freeramdisk ++.IX Subsection "freeramdisk" ++freeramdisk DEVICE ++.PP ++Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk ++.SS fsck ++.IX Subsection "fsck" ++fsck [\-ANPRTV] [\-t FSTYPE] [FS_OPTS] [BLOCKDEV]... ++.PP ++Check and repair filesystems ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems ++\& \-N Don\*(Aqt execute, just show what would be done ++\& \-P With \-A, check filesystems in parallel ++\& \-R With \-A, skip the root filesystem ++\& \-T Don\*(Aqt show title on startup ++\& \-V Verbose ++\& \-t TYPE List of filesystem types to check ++.Ve ++.SS fsck.minix ++.IX Subsection "fsck.minix" ++fsck.minix [\-larvsmf] BLOCKDEV ++.PP ++Check MINIX filesystem ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-l List all filenames ++\& \-r Perform interactive repairs ++\& \-a Perform automatic repairs ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-s Output superblock information ++\& \-m Show "mode not cleared" warnings ++\& \-f Force file system check ++.Ve ++.SS fsfreeze ++.IX Subsection "fsfreeze" ++fsfreeze \-\-[un]freeze MOUNTPOINT ++.PP ++Flush and halt writes to MOUNTPOINT ++.SS fstrim ++.IX Subsection "fstrim" ++fstrim [OPTIONS] MOUNTPOINT ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-o OFFSET Offset in bytes to discard from ++\& \-l LEN Bytes to discard ++\& \-m MIN Minimum extent length ++\& \-v Print number of discarded bytes ++.Ve ++.SS fsync ++.IX Subsection "fsync" ++fsync [\-d] FILE... ++.PP ++Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-d Avoid syncing metadata ++.Ve ++.SS ftpd ++.IX Subsection "ftpd" ++ftpd [\-wvS] [\-a USER] [\-t SEC] [\-T SEC] [DIR] ++.PP ++FTP server. Chroots to DIR, if this fails (run by non\-root), cds to it. ++It is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: ++ 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve ++Can be run from tcpsvd: ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& tcpsvd \-vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve ++\& ++\& \-w Allow upload ++\& \-A No login required, client access occurs under ftpd\*(Aqs UID ++\& \-a USER Enable \*(Aqanonymous\*(Aq login and map it to USER ++\& \-v Log errors to stderr. \-vv: verbose log ++\& \-S Log errors to syslog. \-SS: verbose log ++\& \-t,\-T N Idle and absolute timeout ++.Ve ++.SS ftpget ++.IX Subsection "ftpget" ++ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE ++.PP ++Download a file via FTP ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-c Continue previous transfer ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-u USER Username ++\& \-p PASS Password ++\& \-P PORT ++.Ve ++.SS ftpput ++.IX Subsection "ftpput" ++ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE ++.PP ++Upload a file to a FTP server ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-u USER Username ++\& \-p PASS Password ++\& \-P PORT ++.Ve ++.SS fuser ++.IX Subsection "fuser" ++fuser [\-msk46] [\-SIGNAL] FILE or PORT/PROTO ++.PP ++Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs ++\& \-4,\-6 Search only IPv4/IPv6 space ++\& \-s Don\*(Aqt display PIDs ++\& \-k Kill found processes ++\& \-SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL) ++.Ve ++.SS getfattr ++.IX Subsection "getfattr" ++getfattr [\-h] {\-d|\-n ATTR} FILE... ++.PP ++Get extended attributes ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-h Do not follow symlinks ++\& \-d Dump all attributes ++\& \-n ATTR Get attribute ATTR ++.Ve ++.SS getopt ++.IX Subsection "getopt" ++getopt [OPTIONS] [\-\-] OPTSTRING PARAMS ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-a Allow long options starting with single \- ++\& \-l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize ++\& \-n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported ++\& \-o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize ++\& \-q No error messages on unrecognized options ++\& \-Q No normal output ++\& \-s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions ++\& \-T Version test (exits with 4) ++\& \-u Don\*(Aqt quote output ++.Ve ++.PP ++Example: ++.PP ++O=\`getopt \-l bb: \-\- ab:c:: "$@"\` || exit 1 ++eval set \-\- "$O" ++while true; do ++ case "$1" in ++ \-a) echo A; shift;; ++ \-b|\-\-bb) echo "B:\*(Aq$2\*(Aq"; shift 2;; ++ \-c) case "$2" in ++ "") echo C; shift 2;; ++ *) echo "C:\*(Aq$2\*(Aq"; shift 2;; ++ esac;; ++ \-\-) shift; break;; ++ *) echo Error; exit 1;; ++ esac ++done ++.SS getty ++.IX Subsection "getty" ++getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... TTY [TERMTYPE] ++.PP ++Open TTY, prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login ++.PP ++.Vb 11 ++\& \-h Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control ++\& \-L Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state) ++\& \-m Get baud rate from modem\*(Aqs CONNECT status message ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt prompt for login name ++\& \-w Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue ++\& \-i Don\*(Aqt display /etc/issue ++\& \-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue ++\& \-l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login ++\& \-t SEC Terminate after SEC if no login name is read ++\& \-I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else ++\& \-H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname ++.Ve ++.PP ++BAUD_RATE of 0 leaves it unchanged ++.SS grep ++.IX Subsection "grep" ++grep [\-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [\-m N] [\-A|B|C N] { PATTERN | \-e PATTERN... | \-f FILE... } [FILE]... ++.PP ++Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-H Add \*(Aqfilename:\*(Aq prefix ++\& \-h Do not add \*(Aqfilename:\*(Aq prefix ++\& \-n Add \*(Aqline_no:\*(Aq prefix ++\& \-l Show only names of files that match ++\& \-L Show only names of files that don\*(Aqt match ++\& \-c Show only count of matching lines ++\& \-o Show only the matching part of line ++\& \-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise ++\& \-v Select non\-matching lines ++\& \-s Suppress open and read errors ++\& \-r Recurse ++\& \-R Recurse and dereference symlinks ++\& \-i Ignore case ++\& \-w Match whole words only ++\& \-x Match whole lines only ++\& \-F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp) ++\& \-E PATTERN is an extended regexp ++\& \-m N Match up to N times per file ++\& \-A N Print N lines of trailing context ++\& \-B N Print N lines of leading context ++\& \-C N Same as \*(Aq\-A N \-B N\*(Aq ++\& \-e PTRN Pattern to match ++\& \-f FILE Read pattern from file ++.Ve ++.SS groups ++.IX Subsection "groups" ++groups [USER] ++.PP ++Print the groups USER is in ++.SS gunzip ++.IX Subsection "gunzip" ++gunzip [\-cfkt] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-c Write to stdout ++\& \-f Force ++\& \-k Keep input files ++\& \-t Test integrity ++.Ve ++.SS gzip ++.IX Subsection "gzip" ++gzip [\-cfkdt] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Compress FILEs (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-d Decompress ++\& \-c Write to stdout ++\& \-f Force ++\& \-k Keep input files ++\& \-t Test integrity ++.Ve ++.SS halt ++.IX Subsection "halt" ++halt [\-d DELAY] [\-nfw] ++.PP ++Halt the system ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-d SEC Delay interval ++\& \-n Do not sync ++\& \-f Force (don\*(Aqt go through init) ++\& \-w Only write a wtmp record ++.Ve ++.SS hd ++.IX Subsection "hd" ++hd FILE... ++.PP ++hd is an alias for hexdump \-C ++.SS hdparm ++.IX Subsection "hdparm" ++hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE] ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-a Get/set fs readahead ++\& \-A Set drive read\-lookahead flag (0/1) ++\& \-b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) ++\& \-B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1\-255) ++\& \-c Get/set IDE 32\-bit IO setting ++\& \-C Check IDE power mode status ++\& \-d Get/set using_dma flag ++\& \-D Enable/disable drive defect\-mgmt ++\& \-f Flush buffer cache for device on exit ++\& \-g Display drive geometry ++\& \-h Display terse usage information ++\& \-i Display drive identification ++\& \-I Detailed/current information directly from drive ++\& \-k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) ++\& \-K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) ++\& \-L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) ++\& \-m Get/set multiple sector count ++\& \-n Get/set ignore\-write\-errors flag (0/1) ++\& \-p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) ++\& \-P Set drive prefetch count ++\& \-Q Get/set DMA tagged\-queuing depth (if supported) ++\& \-r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) ++\& \-R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++\& \-S Set standby (spindown) timeout ++\& \-t Perform device read timings ++\& \-T Perform cache read timings ++\& \-u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) ++\& \-U Unregister an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++\& \-v Defaults; same as \-mcudkrag for IDE drives ++\& \-V Display program version and exit immediately ++\& \-w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) ++\& \-W Set drive write\-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++\& \-x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++\& \-X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) ++\& \-y Put IDE drive in standby mode ++\& \-Y Put IDE drive to sleep ++\& \-Z Disable Seagate auto\-powersaving mode ++\& \-z Reread partition table ++.Ve ++.SS head ++.IX Subsection "head" ++head [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print first 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin). ++With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header. ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-n N[bkm] Print first N lines ++\& \-n \-N[bkm] Print all except N last lines ++\& \-c [\-]N[bkm] Print first N bytes ++\& (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++\& \-q Never print headers ++\& \-v Always print headers ++.Ve ++.SS hexdump ++.IX Subsection "hexdump" ++hexdump [\-bcdoxCv] [\-e FMT] [\-f FMT_FILE] [\-n LEN] [\-s OFS] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format ++.PP ++.Vb 11 ++\& \-b 1\-byte octal display ++\& \-c 1\-byte character display ++\& \-d 2\-byte decimal display ++\& \-o 2\-byte octal display ++\& \-x 2\-byte hex display ++\& \-C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line ++\& \-v Show all (no dup folding) ++\& \-e FORMAT_STR Example: \*(Aq16/1 "%02x|""\en"\*(Aq ++\& \-f FORMAT_FILE ++\& \-n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++\& \-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes ++.Ve ++.SS hexedit ++.IX Subsection "hexedit" ++hexedit FILE ++.PP ++Edit FILE in hexadecimal ++.SS hostid ++.IX Subsection "hostid" ++hostid ++.PP ++Print out a unique 32\-bit identifier for the machine ++.SS hostname ++.IX Subsection "hostname" ++hostname [\-sidf] [HOSTNAME | \-F FILE] ++.PP ++Show or set hostname or DNS domain name ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-s Short ++\& \-i Addresses for the hostname ++\& \-d DNS domain name ++\& \-f Fully qualified domain name ++\& \-F FILE Use FILE\*(Aqs content as hostname ++.Ve ++.SS httpd ++.IX Subsection "httpd" ++httpd [\-ifv[v]] [\-c CONFFILE] [\-p [IP:]PORT] [\-M MAXCONN] [\-K KILLSEC] [\-u USER[:GRP]] [\-r REALM] [\-h HOME] ++or httpd \-d/\-e/\-m STRING ++.PP ++Listen for incoming HTTP requests ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-i Inetd mode ++\& \-f Run in foreground ++\& \-v[v] Verbose ++\& \-p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80) ++\& \-M NUM Pause if NUM connections are open (default 256) ++\& \-K NUM Kill CGIs after NUM seconds ++\& \-u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port ++\& \-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication ++\& \-h HOME Home directory (default .) ++\& \-c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf) ++\& \-m STRING MD5 crypt STRING ++\& \-e STRING HTML encode STRING ++\& \-d STRING URL decode STRING ++.Ve ++.SS hush ++.IX Subsection "hush" ++hush [\-enxl] [\-c \*(AqSCRIPT\*(Aq [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | \-s ARGS] ++.PP ++Unix shell interpreter ++.SS hwclock ++.IX Subsection "hwclock" ++hwclock [\-ul] [\-f DEV] [\-s|\-w|\-\-systz|\-\-param\-get PARAM|\-\-param\-set PARAM=VAL] ++.PP ++Show or set hardware clock (RTC) ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-f DEV Use this device (e.g. /dev/rtc2) ++\& \-u Assume RTC is kept in UTC ++\& \-l Assume RTC is kept in local time ++\& (if neither is given, read from /etc/adjtime) ++\& \-s Set system time from RTC ++\& \-w Set RTC from system time ++\& \-\-systz Set in\-kernel timezone, correct system time ++\& if RTC is kept in local time ++\& \-\-param\-get PARAM Get RTC parameter ++\& \-\-param\-set PARAM=VAL Set RTC parameter ++.Ve ++.SS i2cdetect ++.IX Subsection "i2cdetect" ++i2cdetect \-l | \-F I2CBUS | [\-ya] [\-q|\-r] I2CBUS [FIRST LAST] ++.PP ++Detect I2C chips ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-l List installed buses ++\& \-F BUS# List functionalities on this bus ++\& \-y Disable interactive mode ++\& \-a Force scanning of non\-regular addresses ++\& \-q Use smbus quick write commands for probing (default) ++\& \-r Use smbus read byte commands for probing ++\& FIRST and LAST limit probing range ++.Ve ++.SS i2cdump ++.IX Subsection "i2cdump" ++i2cdump [\-fy] [\-r FIRST\-LAST] BUS ADDR [MODE] ++.PP ++Examine I2C registers ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& I2CBUS I2C bus number ++\& ADDRESS 0x03\-0x77 ++\&MODE is: ++\& ++\& b Byte (default) ++\& w Word ++\& W Word on even register addresses ++\& i I2C block ++\& s SMBus block ++\& c Consecutive byte ++\& Append p for SMBus PEC ++\& ++\& \-f Force access ++\& \-y Disable interactive mode ++\& \-r Limit the number of registers being accessed ++.Ve ++.SS i2cget ++.IX Subsection "i2cget" ++i2cget [\-fy] BUS CHIP\-ADDRESS [DATA\-ADDRESS [MODE]] ++.PP ++Read from I2C/SMBus chip registers ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& I2CBUS I2C bus number ++\& ADDRESS 0x03\-0x77 ++\&MODE is: ++\& ++\& b Read byte data (default) ++\& w Read word data ++\& c Write byte/read byte ++\& Append p for SMBus PEC ++\& ++\& \-f Force access ++\& \-y Disable interactive mode ++.Ve ++.SS i2cset ++.IX Subsection "i2cset" ++i2cset [\-fy] [\-m MASK] BUS CHIP\-ADDRESS DATA\-ADDRESS [VALUE] ... [MODE] ++.PP ++Set I2C registers ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& I2CBUS I2C bus number ++\& ADDRESS 0x03\-0x77 ++\&MODE is: ++\& ++\& c Byte, no value ++\& b Byte data (default) ++\& w Word data ++\& i I2C block data ++\& s SMBus block data ++\& Append p for SMBus PEC ++\& ++\& \-f Force access ++\& \-y Disable interactive mode ++\& \-r Read back and compare the result ++\& \-m MASK Mask specifying which bits to write ++.Ve ++.SS i2ctransfer ++.IX Subsection "i2ctransfer" ++i2ctransfer [\-fay] I2CBUS { rLENGTH[@ADDR] | wLENGTH[@ADDR] DATA...}... ++.PP ++Read/write I2C data in one transfer ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-f Force access to busy addresses ++\& \-a Force access to non\-regular addresses ++\& \-y Disable interactive mode ++.Ve ++.SS id ++.IX Subsection "id" ++id [\-ugGnr] [USER] ++.PP ++Print information about USER or the current user ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-u User ID ++\& \-g Group ID ++\& \-G Supplementary group IDs ++\& \-n Print names instead of numbers ++\& \-r Print real ID instead of effective ID ++.Ve ++.SS ifconfig ++.IX Subsection "ifconfig" ++ifconfig [\-a] [IFACE] [ADDRESS] ++.PP ++Configure a network interface ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++\& [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++\& [[\-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[\-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] ++\& [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] ++\& [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] ++\& [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] ++\& [[\-]trailers] [[\-]arp] [[\-]allmulti] ++\& [multicast] [[\-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[\-]dynamic] ++\& [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] ++\& [up|down] ... ++.Ve ++.SS ifdown ++.IX Subsection "ifdown" ++ifdown [\-nmvf] [\-i FILE] \-a | IFACE... ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-a Deconfigure all interfaces ++\& \-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++\& \-n Dry run ++\& (note: doesn\*(Aqt disable mappings) ++\& \-m Don\*(Aqt run any mappings ++\& \-v Print out what would happen before doing it ++\& \-f Force ++.Ve ++.SS ifenslave ++.IX Subsection "ifenslave" ++ifenslave [\-cdf] MASTER_IFACE SLAVE_IFACE... ++.PP ++Configure network interfaces for parallel routing ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c Change active slave ++\& \-d Remove slave interface from bonding device ++\& \-f Force, even if interface is not Ethernet ++.Ve ++.SS ifplugd ++.IX Subsection "ifplugd" ++ifplugd [OPTIONS] ++.PP ++Network interface plug detection daemon ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-n Run in foreground ++\& \-s Don\*(Aqt log to syslog ++\& \-i IFACE Interface ++\& \-f/\-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up ++\& (otherwise exit on error) ++\& \-a Don\*(Aqt up interface at each link probe ++\& \-M Monitor creation/destruction of interface ++\& (otherwise it must exist) ++\& \-A Don\*(Aqt up newly appeared interface ++\& \-r PROG Script to run ++\& \-x ARG Extra argument for script ++\& \-I Don\*(Aqt exit on nonzero exit code from script ++\& \-p Don\*(Aqt run "up" script on startup ++\& \-q Don\*(Aqt run "down" script on exit ++\& \-l Always run script on startup ++\& \-t SECS Poll time in seconds ++\& \-u SECS Delay before running script after link up ++\& \-d SECS Delay after link down ++\& \-m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto) ++\& \-k Kill running daemon ++.Ve ++.SS ifup ++.IX Subsection "ifup" ++ifup [\-nmvf] [\-i FILE] \-a | IFACE... ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-a Configure all interfaces ++\& \-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++\& \-n Dry run ++\& (note: doesn\*(Aqt disable mappings) ++\& \-m Don\*(Aqt run any mappings ++\& \-v Print out what would happen before doing it ++\& \-f Force ++.Ve ++.SS inetd ++.IX Subsection "inetd" ++inetd [\-fe] [\-q N] [\-R N] [CONFFILE] ++.PP ++Listen for network connections and launch programs ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-f Run in foreground ++\& \-e Log to stderr ++\& \-q N Socket listen queue (default 128) ++\& \-R N Pause services after N connects/min ++\& (default 0 \- disabled) ++\& Default CONFFILE is /etc/inetd.conf ++.Ve ++.SS init ++.IX Subsection "init" ++init ++.PP ++Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits. ++It (re)spawns children according to /etc/inittab. ++Signals: ++.PP ++HUP: reload /etc/inittab ++TSTP: stop respawning until CONT ++QUIT: re\-exec another init ++USR1/TERM/USR2/INT: run halt/reboot/poweroff/Ctrl\-Alt\-Del script ++.SS insmod ++.IX Subsection "insmod" ++insmod FILE [SYMBOL=VALUE]... ++.PP ++Load kernel module ++.SS install ++.IX Subsection "install" ++install [\-cdDsp] [\-o USER] [\-g GRP] [\-m MODE] [\-t DIR] [SOURCE]... DEST ++.PP ++Copy files and set attributes ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-c Just copy (default) ++\& \-d Create directories ++\& \-D Create leading target directories ++\& \-s Strip symbol table ++\& \-p Preserve date ++\& \-o USER Set ownership ++\& \-g GRP Set group ownership ++\& \-m MODE Set permissions ++\& \-t DIR Install to DIR ++.Ve ++.SS ionice ++.IX Subsection "ionice" ++ionice [\-c 1\-3] [\-n 0\-7] [\-t] { \-p PID | PROG ARGS } ++.PP ++Change I/O priority and class ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c N Class. 1:realtime 2:best\-effort 3:idle ++\& \-n N Priority ++\& \-t Ignore errors ++.Ve ++.SS iostat ++.IX Subsection "iostat" ++iostat [\-c] [\-d] [\-t] [\-z] [\-k|\-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] ++.PP ++Report CPU and I/O statistics ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-c Show CPU utilization ++\& \-d Show device utilization ++\& \-t Print current time ++\& \-z Omit devices with no activity ++\& \-k Use kb/s ++\& \-m Use Mb/s ++.Ve ++.SS ip ++.IX Subsection "ip" ++ip [OPTIONS] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [ARGS] ++.PP ++OPTIONS := \-f[amily] inet|inet6|link | \-o[neline] ++.PP ++ip addr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX] ++ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ++ip link set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] ++ [promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] ++ [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] ++ip tunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] ++ [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ++ip neigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] ++ip rule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION ++.SS ipaddr ++.IX Subsection "ipaddr" ++ipaddr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX] ++.PP ++ipaddr add|change|replace|delete dev IFACE [CONFFLAG\-LIST] IFADDR ++ IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR|+|\-] ++ [anycast ADDR] [label STRING] [scope SCOPE] ++ PREFIX := ADDR[/MASK] ++ SCOPE := [host|link|global|NUMBER] ++ CONFFLAG\-LIST := [CONFFLAG\-LIST] CONFFLAG ++ CONFFLAG := [noprefixroute] ++ipaddr show|flush [dev IFACE] [scope SCOPE] [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN] ++.SS ipcalc ++.IX Subsection "ipcalc" ++ipcalc [\-bnmphs] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [NETMASK] ++.PP ++Calculate and display network settings from IP address ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-b Broadcast address ++\& \-n Network address ++\& \-m Default netmask for IP ++\& \-p Prefix for IP/NETMASK ++\& \-h Resolved host name ++\& \-s No error messages ++.Ve ++.SS ipcrm ++.IX Subsection "ipcrm" ++ipcrm [\-MQS key] [\-mqs id] ++.PP ++Upper\-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. ++Lower\-case options remove an object by shmid value. ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-mM Remove memory segment after last detach ++\& \-qQ Remove message queue ++\& \-sS Remove semaphore ++.Ve ++.SS ipcs ++.IX Subsection "ipcs" ++ipcs [[\-smq] \-i SHMID] | [[\-asmq] [\-tcplu]] ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-i ID Show specific resource ++\&Resource specification: ++\& ++\& \-m Shared memory segments ++\& \-q Message queues ++\& \-s Semaphore arrays ++\& \-a All (default) ++\&Output format: ++\& ++\& \-t Time ++\& \-c Creator ++\& \-p Pid ++\& \-l Limits ++\& \-u Summary ++.Ve ++.SS iplink ++.IX Subsection "iplink" ++iplink set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] ++ [promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] ++ [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] ++iplink add [link IFACE] IFACE [address MAC] type TYPE [ARGS] ++iplink delete IFACE type TYPE [ARGS] ++ TYPE ARGS := vlan VLANARGS | vrf table NUM | can CANARGS ++ VLANARGS := id VLANID [protocol 802.1q|802.1ad] [reorder_hdr on|off] ++ [gvrp on|off] [mvrp on|off] [loose_binding on|off] ++ CANARGS := [bitrate BITRATE [sample\-point SAMPLE\-POINT]] | ++ [tq TQ prop\-seg PROP_SEG phase\-seg1 PHASE\-SEG1 ++ phase\-seg2 PHASE\-SEG2 [sjw SJW]] ++ [dbitrate BITRATE [dsample\-point SAMPLE\-POINT]] | ++ [dtq TQ dprop\-seg PROP_SEG dphase\-seg1 PHASE\-SEG1 ++ dphase\-seg2 PHASE\-SEG2 [dsjw SJW]] ++ [loopback on|off] [listen\-only on|off] [triple\-sampling on|off] ++ [one\-shot on|off] [berr\-reporting on|off] ++ [fd on|off] [fd\-non\-iso on|off] [presume\-ack on|off] ++ [restart\-ms TIME\-MS] [restart] ++ [termination 0..65535] ++iplink show [IFACE] ++.SS ipneigh ++.IX Subsection "ipneigh" ++ipneigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] ++.SS iproute ++.IX Subsection "iproute" ++iproute list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ++.PP ++iproute list|flush SELECTOR ++ SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] ++ PREFIX := default|ADDR[/MASK] ++iproute get ADDR [from ADDR iif IFACE] ++ [oif IFACE] [tos TOS] ++iproute add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ++ ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [INFO_SPEC] ++ NODE_SPEC := PREFIX [table TABLE_ID] [proto RTPROTO] [scope SCOPE] [metric METRIC] ++ INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS ++ NH := [via [inet|inet6] ADDR] [dev IFACE] [src ADDR] [onlink] ++ OPTIONS := [mtu [lock] NUM] [advmss [lock] NUM] ++.SS iprule ++.IX Subsection "iprule" ++iprule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK[/MASK]] ++\& [dev IFACE] [pref NUMBER] ++\& ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDR] ++\& [prohibit|reject|unreachable] ++\& [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] ++\& TABLE_ID := [local|main|default|NUMBER] ++.Ve ++.SS iptunnel ++.IX Subsection "iptunnel" ++iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] ++ [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ++.PP ++iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] ++ [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] ++ [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY] [[i|o]csum] ++ [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV] ++.SS kbd_mode ++.IX Subsection "kbd_mode" ++kbd_mode [\-a|k|s|u] [\-C TTY] ++.PP ++Report or set VT console keyboard mode ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-a Default (ASCII) ++\& \-k Medium\-raw (keycode) ++\& \-s Raw (scancode) ++\& \-u Unicode (utf\-8) ++\& \-C TTY Affect TTY ++.Ve ++.SS kill ++.IX Subsection "kill" ++kill [\-l] [\-SIG] PID... ++.PP ++Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-l List all signal names and numbers ++.Ve ++.SS killall ++.IX Subsection "killall" ++killall [\-lq] [\-SIG] PROCESS_NAME... ++.PP ++Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-l List all signal names and numbers ++\& \-q Don\*(Aqt complain if no processes were killed ++.Ve ++.SS killall5 ++.IX Subsection "killall5" ++killall5 [\-l] [\-SIG] [\-o PID]... ++.PP ++Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-l List all signal names and numbers ++\& \-o PID Don\*(Aqt signal this PID ++.Ve ++.SS klogd ++.IX Subsection "klogd" ++klogd [\-c N] [\-n] ++.PP ++Log kernel messages to syslog ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-c N Print to console messages more urgent than prio N (1\-8) ++\& \-n Run in foreground ++.Ve ++.SS last ++.IX Subsection "last" ++last [\-HW] [\-f FILE] ++.PP ++Show listing of the last users that logged into the system ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-W Display with no host column truncation ++\& \-f FILE Read from FILE instead of /var/log/wtmp ++.Ve ++.SS less ++.IX Subsection "less" ++less [\-EFIMmNSRh~] [FILE]... ++.PP ++View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-E Quit once the end of a file is reached ++\& \-F Quit if entire file fits on first screen ++\& \-I Ignore case in all searches ++\& \-M,\-m Display status line with line numbers ++\& and percentage through the file ++\& \-N Prefix line number to each line ++\& \-S Truncate long lines ++\& \-R Remove color escape codes in input ++\& \-~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF ++.Ve ++.SS link ++.IX Subsection "link" ++link FILE LINK ++.PP ++Create hard LINK to FILE ++.SS ln ++.IX Subsection "ln" ++ln [\-sfnbtv] [\-S SUF] TARGET... LINK|DIR ++.PP ++Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s) ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks ++\& \-f Remove existing destinations ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt dereference symlinks \- treat like normal file ++\& \-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation ++\& \-S SUF Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files ++\& \-T Treat LINK as a file, not DIR ++\& \-v Verbose ++.Ve ++.SS loadfont ++.IX Subsection "loadfont" ++loadfont < font ++.PP ++Load a console font from stdin ++.SS loadkmap ++.IX Subsection "loadkmap" ++loadkmap < keymap ++.PP ++Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin ++.SS logger ++.IX Subsection "logger" ++logger [\-s] [\-t TAG] [\-p PRIO] [MESSAGE] ++.PP ++Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-s Log to stderr as well as the system log ++\& \-t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) ++\& \-p PRIO Priority (number or FACILITY.LEVEL pair) ++.Ve ++.SS login ++.IX Subsection "login" ++login [\-p] [\-h HOST] [[\-f] USER] ++.PP ++Begin a new session on the system ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-f Don\*(Aqt authenticate (user already authenticated) ++\& \-h HOST Host user came from (for network logins) ++\& \-p Preserve environment ++.Ve ++.PP ++\&\f(CW$LOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR Seconds (default 60, 0 \- disable) ++\&\f(CW$LOGIN_PRE_SUID_SCRIPT\fR Execute before user ID change ++.SS logname ++.IX Subsection "logname" ++logname ++.PP ++Print the name of the current user ++.SS logread ++.IX Subsection "logread" ++logread [\-fF] ++.PP ++Show messages in syslogd\*(Aqs circular buffer ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-f Output data as log grows ++\& \-F Same as \-f, but dump buffer first ++.Ve ++.SS losetup ++.IX Subsection "losetup" ++losetup [\-rP] [\-o OFS] {\-f|LOOPDEV} FILE: associate loop devices ++ losetup \-c LOOPDEV: reread file size ++ losetup \-d LOOPDEV: disassociate ++ losetup \-a: show status ++ losetup \-f: show next free loop device ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE ++\& \-P Scan for partitions ++\& \-r Read\-only ++\& \-f Show/use next free loop device ++.Ve ++.SS lpd ++.IX Subsection "lpd" ++lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]] ++.PP ++SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories ++with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are ++sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue ++directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print ++is passed in \f(CW$DATAFILE\fR variable. ++Example: ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& tcpsvd \-E 0 515 softlimit \-m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print ++.Ve ++.SS lpq ++.IX Subsection "lpq" ++lpq [\-P queue[@host[:port]]] [\-U USERNAME] [\-d JOBID]... [\-fs] ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++\& \-d Delete jobs ++\& \-f Force any waiting job to be printed ++\& \-s Short display ++.Ve ++.SS lpr ++.IX Subsection "lpr" ++lpr \-P queue[@host[:port]] \-U USERNAME \-J TITLE \-Vmh [FILE]... ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++\& \-m Send mail on completion ++\& \-h Print banner page too ++\& \-V Verbose ++.Ve ++.SS ls ++.IX Subsection "ls" ++ls [\-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [\-w WIDTH] [FILE]... ++.PP ++List directory contents ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-1 One column output ++\& \-a Include names starting with . ++\& \-A Like \-a, but exclude . and .. ++\& \-x List by lines ++\& \-d List directory names, not contents ++\& \-L Follow symlinks ++\& \-H Follow symlinks on command line ++\& \-R Recurse ++\& \-p Append / to directory names ++\& \-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names ++\& \-l Long format ++\& \-i List inode numbers ++\& \-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names ++\& \-s List allocated blocks ++\& \-lc List ctime ++\& \-lu List atime ++\& \-\-full\-time List full date/time ++\& \-h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G) ++\& \-\-group\-directories\-first ++\& \-S Sort by size ++\& \-X Sort by extension ++\& \-v Sort by version ++\& \-t Sort by mtime ++\& \-tc Sort by ctime ++\& \-tu Sort by atime ++\& \-r Reverse sort order ++\& \-w N Format N columns wide ++\& \-\-color[={always,never,auto}] ++.Ve ++.SS lsattr ++.IX Subsection "lsattr" ++lsattr [\-Radlpv] [FILE]... ++.PP ++List ext2 file attributes ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-R Recurse ++\& \-a Include names starting with . ++\& \-d List directory names, not contents ++\& \-l List long flag names ++\& \-p List project ID ++\& \-v List version/generation number ++.Ve ++.SS lsblk ++.IX Subsection "lsblk" ++lsblk [BLOCKDEV]... ++.PP ++List block devices ++.SS lsmod ++.IX Subsection "lsmod" ++lsmod ++.PP ++List loaded kernel modules ++.SS lsof ++.IX Subsection "lsof" ++lsof ++.PP ++Show all open files ++.SS lspci ++.IX Subsection "lspci" ++lspci [\-mk] ++.PP ++List all PCI devices ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-m Parsable output ++\& \-k Show driver ++.Ve ++.SS lzcat ++.IX Subsection "lzcat" ++lzcat [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress to stdout ++.SS lzma ++.IX Subsection "lzma" ++lzma \-d [\-cfk] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-d Decompress ++\& \-c Write to stdout ++\& \-f Force ++\& \-k Keep input files ++\& \-t Test integrity ++.Ve ++.SS lzop ++.IX Subsection "lzop" ++lzop [\-cfUvd123456789CF] [FILE]... ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-1..9 Compression level ++\& \-d Decompress ++\& \-c Write to stdout ++\& \-f Force ++\& \-U Delete input files ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-F Don\*(Aqt store or verify checksum ++\& \-C Also write checksum of compressed block ++.Ve ++.SS makedevs ++.IX Subsection "makedevs" ++makedevs [\-d device_table] rootdir ++.PP ++Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. ++Device table entries take the form of: ++.PP ++<name> <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count> ++Where name is the file name, type can be one of: ++ f Regular file ++ d Directory ++ c Character device ++ b Block device ++ p Fifo (named pipe) ++uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the ++target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to ++to device special files. A \*(Aq\-\*(Aq may be used for blank entries. ++.SS makemime ++.IX Subsection "makemime" ++makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Create multipart MIME\-encoded message from FILEs ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-o FILE Output. Default: stdout ++\& \-a HDR Add header(s). Examples: ++\& "From: user@host.org", "Date: \`date \-R\`" ++\& \-c CT Content type. Default: application/octet\-stream ++\& \-C CS Charset. Default: us\-ascii ++.Ve ++.PP ++Other options are silently ignored ++.SS man ++.IX Subsection "man" ++man [\-aw] [SECTION] MANPAGE[.SECTION]... ++.PP ++Display manual page ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-a Display all pages ++\& \-w Show page locations ++.Ve ++.PP ++\&\f(CW$COLUMNS\fR overrides output width ++.SS md5sum ++.IX Subsection "md5sum" ++md5sum [\-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print or check MD5 checksums ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success ++\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++.Ve ++.SS mdev ++.IX Subsection "mdev" ++mdev [\-vS] { [\-s] | [\-df] } ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-S Log to syslog too ++\& \-s Scan /sys and populate /dev ++\& \-d Daemon, listen on netlink ++\& \-f Run in foreground ++.Ve ++.PP ++Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it: ++ echo /sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug ++.PP ++It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines ++ [\-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH]|[!] [@|$|*PROG] ++where DEVNAME is device name regex, \f(CW@major\fR,minor[\-minor2], or ++environment variable regex. A common use of the latter is ++to load modules for hotplugged devices: ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& $MODALIAS=.* 0:0 660 @modprobe "$MODALIAS" ++.Ve ++.PP ++If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value ++to match \f(CW$SEQNUM\fR variable. This prevents plug/unplug races. ++To activate this feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot. ++.PP ++If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it. ++.SS mesg ++.IX Subsection "mesg" ++mesg [y|n] ++.PP ++Control write access to your terminal ++ y Allow write access to your terminal ++ n Disallow write access to your terminal ++.SS microcom ++.IX Subsection "microcom" ++microcom [\-d DELAY_MS] [\-t TIMEOUT_MS ] [\-s SPEED] [\-X] TTY ++.PP ++Copy bytes from stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-d DELAY Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending ++\& every next byte to it ++\& \-t TIMEOUT Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms ++\& \-s SPEED Set serial line to SPEED ++\& \-X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl\-X from stdin ++.Ve ++.SS mim ++.IX Subsection "mim" ++mim [\-f FILE] [SHELL_OPTIONS] [TARGET] ... ++.PP ++Run a script from a Makefile\-like specification file ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-f FILE Spec file (default Mimfile) ++.Ve ++.SS mkdir ++.IX Subsection "mkdir" ++mkdir [\-m MODE] [\-p] DIRECTORY... ++.PP ++Create DIRECTORY ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-m MODE Mode ++\& \-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed ++.Ve ++.SS mkdosfs ++.IX Subsection "mkdosfs" ++mkdosfs [\-v] [\-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++.PP ++Make a FAT32 filesystem ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-n LBL Volume label ++.Ve ++.SS mke2fs ++.IX Subsection "mke2fs" ++mke2fs [\-Fn] [\-b BLK_SIZE] [\-i INODE_RATIO] [\-I INODE_SIZE] [\-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [\-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++\& \-F Force ++\& \-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++\& \-I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++\& \-L LBL Volume label ++\& \-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++\& \-n Dry run ++.Ve ++.SS mkfifo ++.IX Subsection "mkfifo" ++mkfifo [\-m MODE] NAME ++.PP ++Create named pipe ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-m MODE Mode (default a=rw) ++.Ve ++.SS mkfs.ext2 ++.IX Subsection "mkfs.ext2" ++mkfs.ext2 [\-Fn] [\-b BLK_SIZE] [\-i INODE_RATIO] [\-I INODE_SIZE] [\-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [\-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++\& \-F Force ++\& \-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++\& \-I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++\& \-L LBL Volume label ++\& \-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++\& \-n Dry run ++.Ve ++.SS mkfs.minix ++.IX Subsection "mkfs.minix" ++mkfs.minix [\-c | \-l FILE] [\-nXX] [\-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++.PP ++Make a MINIX filesystem ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-c Check device for bad blocks ++\& \-n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames ++\& \-i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem ++\& \-l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE ++\& \-v Make version 2 filesystem ++.Ve ++.SS mkfs.vfat ++.IX Subsection "mkfs.vfat" ++mkfs.vfat [\-v] [\-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++.PP ++Make a FAT32 filesystem ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-n LBL Volume label ++.Ve ++.SS mknod ++.IX Subsection "mknod" ++mknod [\-m MODE] NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR] ++.PP ++Create a special file (block, character, or pipe) ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw) ++\&TYPE: ++\& b Block device ++\& c or u Character device ++\& p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted) ++.Ve ++.SS mkpasswd ++.IX Subsection "mkpasswd" ++mkpasswd [\-P FD] [\-m TYPE] [\-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT] ++.PP ++Print \fBcrypt\fR\|(3) hashed PASSWORD ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-P N Read password from fd N ++\& \-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++\& \-S SALT ++.Ve ++.SS mkswap ++.IX Subsection "mkswap" ++mkswap [\-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++.PP ++Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-L LBL Label ++.Ve ++.SS mktemp ++.IX Subsection "mktemp" ++mktemp [\-dt] [\-p DIR] [TEMPLATE] ++.PP ++Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. ++TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). ++Without TEMPLATE, \-t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed. ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-d Make directory, not file ++\& \-q Fail silently on errors ++\& \-t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE ++\& \-p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies \-t) ++\& \-u Do not create anything; print a name ++.Ve ++.PP ++Base directory is: \-p DIR, else \f(CW$TMPDIR\fR, else /tmp ++.SS modinfo ++.IX Subsection "modinfo" ++modinfo [\-adlpn0] [\-F keyword] MODULE ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-a Shortcut for \*(Aq\-F author\*(Aq ++\& \-d Shortcut for \*(Aq\-F description\*(Aq ++\& \-l Shortcut for \*(Aq\-F license\*(Aq ++\& \-p Shortcut for \*(Aq\-F parm\*(Aq ++\& \-F keyword Keyword to look for ++\& \-0 NUL terminated output ++.Ve ++.SS modprobe ++.IX Subsection "modprobe" ++modprobe [\-rq] MODULE [SYMBOL=VALUE]... ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-r Remove MODULE ++\& \-q Quiet ++.Ve ++.SS more ++.IX Subsection "more" ++more [FILE]... ++.PP ++View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time ++.SS mount ++.IX Subsection "mount" ++mount [OPTIONS] [\-o OPT] DEVICE NODE ++.PP ++Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc. ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-a Mount all filesystems in fstab ++\& \-f Dry run ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-r Read\-only mount ++\& \-t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s) ++\& \-T FILE Read FILE instead of /etc/fstab ++\& \-O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (\-a only) ++\&\-o OPT: ++\& loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) ++\& [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous ++\& [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times ++\& [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories ++\& [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time ++\& [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files ++\& [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files ++\& [no]suid (Dis)allow set\-user\-id\-root programs ++\& [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree ++\& [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree ++\& [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree ++\& [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted ++\& [r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location ++\& move Relocate an existing mount point ++\& remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags ++\& ro Same as \-r ++.Ve ++.PP ++There are filesystem\-specific \-o flags. ++.SS mountpoint ++.IX Subsection "mountpoint" ++mountpoint [\-q] { [\-dn] DIR | \-x DEVICE } ++.PP ++Check if DIR is a mountpoint ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-q Quiet ++\& \-d Print major:minor of the filesystem ++\& \-n Print device name of the filesystem ++\& \-x Print major:minor of DEVICE ++.Ve ++.SS mpstat ++.IX Subsection "mpstat" ++mpstat [\-A] [\-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [\-u] [\-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] ++.PP ++Per\-processor statistics ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-A Same as \-I ALL \-u \-P ALL ++\& \-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU Report interrupt statistics ++\& \-P num|ALL Processor to monitor ++\& \-u Report CPU utilization ++.Ve ++.SS mt ++.IX Subsection "mt" ++mt [\-f DEVICE] OPCODE VALUE ++.PP ++Control magnetic tape drive operation ++.PP ++Opcodes: ++.PP ++bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase ++fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ++ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity ++setpart tell unload unlock weof wset ++.SS mv ++.IX Subsection "mv" ++mv [\-finT] SOURCE DEST ++or: mv [\-fin] SOURCE... { \-t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY } ++.PP ++Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCEs to DIRECTORY ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-f Don\*(Aqt prompt before overwriting ++\& \-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt overwrite an existing file ++\& \-T Refuse to move if DEST is a directory ++\& \-t DIR Move all SOURCEs into DIR ++.Ve ++.SS nameif ++.IX Subsection "nameif" ++nameif [\-s] [\-c FILE] [IFNAME SELECTOR]... ++.PP ++Rename network interface while it in the down state. ++The device matched by SELECTOR is renamed to IFNAME. ++SELECTOR can be a combination of: ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& driver=STRING ++\& bus=STRING ++\& phy_address=NUM ++\& [mac=]XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX ++\& ++\& \-c FILE Configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) ++\& \-s Log to syslog ++.Ve ++.SS nanddump ++.IX Subsection "nanddump" ++nanddump [\-no] [\-\-bb padbad|skipbad] [\-s ADDR] [\-l LEN] [\-f FILE] MTD_DEVICE ++.PP ++Dump MTD_DEVICE ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-n Read without ecc ++\& \-o Dump oob data ++\& \-s ADDR Start address ++\& \-l LEN Length ++\& \-f FILE Dump to file (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdout) ++\& \-\-bb METHOD ++\& skipbad: skip bad blocks ++\& padbad: substitute bad blocks by 0xff (default) ++.Ve ++.SS nandwrite ++.IX Subsection "nandwrite" ++nandwrite [\-np] [\-s ADDR] MTD_DEVICE [FILE] ++.PP ++Write to MTD_DEVICE ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-n Write without ecc ++\& \-p Pad to page size ++\& \-s ADDR Start address ++.Ve ++.SS nbd\-client ++.IX Subsection "nbd-client" ++nbd\-client { [\-b BLKSIZE] [\-N NAME] [\-t SEC] [\-p] HOST [PORT] | \-d } BLOCKDEV ++.PP ++Connect to HOST and provide network block device on BLOCKDEV ++.SS nc ++.IX Subsection "nc" ++nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT \- connect ++nc [OPTIONS] \-l \-p PORT [HOST] [PORT] \- listen ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) ++\& \-l Listen mode, for inbound connects ++\& \-lk With \-e, provides persistent server ++\& \-p PORT Local port ++\& \-s ADDR Local address ++\& \-w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads ++\& \-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt do DNS resolution ++\& \-u UDP mode ++\& \-b Allow broadcasts ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-o FILE Hex dump traffic ++\& \-z Zero\-I/O mode (scanning) ++.Ve ++.SS netstat ++.IX Subsection "netstat" ++netstat [\-ral] [\-tuwx] [\-enWp] ++.PP ++Display networking information ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-r Routing table ++\& \-a All sockets ++\& \-l Listening sockets ++\& Else: connected sockets ++\& \-t TCP sockets ++\& \-u UDP sockets ++\& \-w Raw sockets ++\& \-x Unix sockets ++\& Else: all socket types ++\& \-e Other/more information ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names ++\& \-W Wide display ++\& \-p Show PID/program name for sockets ++.Ve ++.SS nice ++.IX Subsection "nice" ++nice [\-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS] ++.PP ++Change scheduling priority, run PROG ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST ++.Ve ++.SS nl ++.IX Subsection "nl" ++nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-b STYLE Which lines to number \- a: all, t: nonempty, n: none ++\& \-i N Line number increment ++\& \-s STRING Use STRING as line number separator ++\& \-v N Start from N ++\& \-w N Width of line numbers ++.Ve ++.SS nmeter ++.IX Subsection "nmeter" ++nmeter [\-d MSEC] FORMAT_STRING ++.PP ++Monitor system in real time ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-d MSEC Milliseconds between updates, default:1000, none:\-1 ++.Ve ++.PP ++Format specifiers: ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& %Nc or %[cN] CPU. N \- bar size (default 10) ++\& (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) ++\& %[nINTERFACE] Network INTERFACE ++\& %m Allocated memory ++\& %[md] Dirty file\-backed memory ++\& %[mw] Memory being written to storage ++\& %[mf] Free memory ++\& %[mt] Total memory ++\& %s Allocated swap ++\& %f Number of used file descriptors ++\& %Ni Total/specific IRQ rate ++\& %x Context switch rate ++\& %p Forks ++\& %[pn] # of processes ++\& %b Block io ++\& %Nt Time (with N decimal points) ++\& %NT Zero\-based timestamp (with N decimal points) ++\& %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL ++.Ve ++.SS nohup ++.IX Subsection "nohup" ++nohup PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non\-tty ++.SS nologin ++.IX Subsection "nologin" ++nologin ++.PP ++Politely refuse a login ++.SS nproc ++.IX Subsection "nproc" ++nproc [\-\-all] [\-\-ignore=N] ++.PP ++Print number of available CPUs ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-\-all Number of installed CPUs ++\& \-\-ignore=N Exclude N CPUs ++.Ve ++.SS nsenter ++.IX Subsection "nsenter" ++nsenter [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-t PID Target process to get namespaces from ++\& \-m[FILE] Enter mount namespace ++\& \-u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc) ++\& \-i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace ++\& \-n[FILE] Enter network namespace ++\& \-p[FILE] Enter pid namespace ++\& \-U[FILE] Enter user namespace ++\& \-S UID Set uid in entered namespace ++\& \-G GID Set gid in entered namespace ++\& \-\-preserve\-credentials Don\*(Aqt touch uids or gids ++\& \-r[DIR] Set root directory ++\& \-w[DIR] Set working directory ++\& \-F Don\*(Aqt fork before exec\*(Aqing PROG ++.Ve ++.SS nslookup ++.IX Subsection "nslookup" ++nslookup [\-type=QUERY_TYPE] [\-debug] HOST [DNS_SERVER] ++.PP ++Query DNS about HOST ++.PP ++QUERY_TYPE: soa,ns,a,aaaa,cname,mx,txt,ptr,srv,any ++.SS ntpd ++.IX Subsection "ntpd" ++ntpd [\-dnqNwl] [\-I IFACE] [\-S PROG] [\-k KEYFILE] [\-p [keyno:N:]PEER]... ++.PP ++NTP client/server ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-d[d] Verbose ++\& \-n Run in foreground ++\& \-q Quit after clock is set ++\& \-N Run at high priority ++\& \-w Do not set time (only query peers), implies \-n ++\& \-S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 min ++\& \-k FILE Key file (ntp.keys compatible) ++\& \-p [keyno:NUM:]PEER ++\& Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated) ++\& Use key NUM for authentication ++\& If \-p is not given, \*(Aqserver HOST\*(Aq lines ++\& from /etc/ntp.conf are used ++\& \-l Also run as server on port 123 ++\& \-I IFACE Bind server to IFACE, implies \-l ++.Ve ++.SS od ++.IX Subsection "od" ++od [\-abcdfhilovxs] [\-t TYPE] [\-A RADIX] [\-N SIZE] [\-j SKIP] [\-S MINSTR] [\-w WIDTH] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default ++.SS openvt ++.IX Subsection "openvt" ++openvt [\-c N] [\-sw] [PROG ARGS] ++.PP ++Start PROG on a new virtual terminal ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c N Use specified VT ++\& \-s Switch to the VT ++\& \-w Wait for PROG to exit ++.Ve ++.SS partprobe ++.IX Subsection "partprobe" ++partprobe DEVICE... ++.PP ++Ask kernel to rescan partition table ++.SS passwd ++.IX Subsection "passwd" ++passwd [\-a ALG] [\-dlu] [USER] ++.PP ++Change USER\*(Aqs password (default: current user) ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-a ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++\& \-d Set password to \*(Aq\*(Aq ++\& \-l Lock (disable) account ++\& \-u Unlock (enable) account ++.Ve ++.SS paste ++.IX Subsection "paste" ++paste [\-d LIST] [\-s] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab ++\& \-s Serial: one file at a time ++.Ve ++.SS patch ++.IX Subsection "patch" ++patch [\-RNE] [\-p N] [\-i DIFF] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]] ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-p N Strip N leading components from file names ++\& \-i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin ++\& \-R Reverse patch ++\& \-N Ignore already applied patches ++\& \-E Remove output files if they become empty ++\& \-\-dry\-run Don\*(Aqt actually change files ++.Ve ++.SS pgrep ++.IX Subsection "pgrep" ++pgrep [\-flanovx] [\-s SID|\-P PPID|PATTERN] ++.PP ++Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-l Show command name too ++\& \-a Show command line too ++\& \-f Match against entire command line ++\& \-n Show the newest process only ++\& \-o Show the oldest process only ++\& \-v Negate the match ++\& \-x Match whole name (not substring) ++\& \-s Match session ID (0 for current) ++\& \-P Match parent process ID ++.Ve ++.SS pidof ++.IX Subsection "pidof" ++pidof [\-s] [\-o PID] [NAME]... ++.PP ++List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-s Show only one PID ++\& \-o PID Omit given pid ++\& Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof\*(Aqs parent ++.Ve ++.SS ping ++.IX Subsection "ping" ++ping [OPTIONS] HOST ++.PP ++Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-4,\-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++\& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings ++\& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++\& \-i SECS Interval ++\& \-A Ping as soon as reply is received ++\& \-t TTL Set TTL ++\& \-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++\& \-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++\& (after all \-c CNT packets are sent) ++\& \-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++\& (can exit earlier with \-c CNT) ++\& \-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++\& \-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern ++.Ve ++.SS ping6 ++.IX Subsection "ping6" ++ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST ++.PP ++Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST ++.PP ++.Vb 11 ++\& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings ++\& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++\& \-i SECS Interval ++\& \-A Ping as soon as reply is received ++\& \-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++\& \-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++\& (after all \-c CNT packets are sent) ++\& \-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++\& (can exit earlier with \-c CNT) ++\& \-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++\& \-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern ++.Ve ++.SS pivot_root ++.IX Subsection "pivot_root" ++pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD ++.PP ++Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT ++the new root file system ++.SS pkill ++.IX Subsection "pkill" ++pkill [\-l|\-SIGNAL] [\-xfvnoe] [\-s SID|\-P PPID|PATTERN] ++.PP ++Send signal to processes selected by regex PATTERN ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-l List all signals ++\& \-x Match whole name (not substring) ++\& \-f Match against entire command line ++\& \-s SID Match session ID (0 for current) ++\& \-P PPID Match parent process ID ++\& \-v Negate the match ++\& \-n Signal the newest process only ++\& \-o Signal the oldest process only ++\& \-e Display name and PID of the process being killed ++.Ve ++.SS pmap ++.IX Subsection "pmap" ++pmap [\-xq] PID... ++.PP ++Display process memory usage ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-x Show details ++\& \-q Quiet ++.Ve ++.SS popmaildir ++.IX Subsection "popmaildir" ++popmaildir [OPTIONS] MAILDIR [CONN_HELPER ARGS] ++.PP ++Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-s Skip authorization ++\& \-T Get messages with TOP instead of RETR ++\& \-k Keep retrieved messages on the server ++\& \-t SEC Network timeout ++\& \-F \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq Filter program (may be repeated) ++\& \-M \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq Delivery program ++.Ve ++.PP ++Fetch from plain POP3 server: ++popmaildir \-k DIR nc pop3.server.com 110 <user_and_pass.txt ++Fetch from SSLed POP3 server and delete fetched emails: ++popmaildir DIR \-\- openssl s_client \-quiet \-connect pop3.server.com:995 <user_and_pass.txt ++.SS poweroff ++.IX Subsection "poweroff" ++poweroff [\-d DELAY] [\-nf] ++.PP ++Halt and shut off power ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-d SEC Delay interval ++\& \-n Do not sync ++\& \-f Force (don\*(Aqt go through init) ++.Ve ++.SS powertop ++.IX Subsection "powertop" ++powertop ++.PP ++Analyze power consumption on Intel\-based laptops ++.SS printenv ++.IX Subsection "printenv" ++printenv [VARIABLE]... ++.PP ++Print environment VARIABLEs. ++If no VARIABLE specified, print all. ++.SS printf ++.IX Subsection "printf" ++printf FORMAT [ARG]... ++.PP ++Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a\-la C printf) ++.SS ps ++.IX Subsection "ps" ++ps [\-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [\-T] ++.PP ++Show list of processes ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display ++\& \-T Show threads ++.Ve ++.SS pscan ++.IX Subsection "pscan" ++pscan [\-cb] [\-p MIN_PORT] [\-P MAX_PORT] [\-t TIMEOUT] [\-T MIN_RTT] HOST ++.PP ++Scan HOST, print all open ports ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-c Show closed ports too ++\& \-b Show blocked ports too ++\& \-p PORT Scan from this port (default 1) ++\& \-P PORT Scan up to this port (default 1024) ++\& \-t MS Timeout (default 5000 ms) ++\& \-T MS Minimum rtt (default 5 ms) ++.Ve ++.SS pstree ++.IX Subsection "pstree" ++pstree [\-p] [PID|USER] ++.PP ++Display process tree, optionally start from USER or PID ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-p Show pids ++.Ve ++.SS pwd ++.IX Subsection "pwd" ++pwd ++.PP ++Print the full filename of the current working directory ++.SS pwdx ++.IX Subsection "pwdx" ++pwdx PID... ++.PP ++Show current directory for PIDs ++.SS raidautorun ++.IX Subsection "raidautorun" ++raidautorun DEVICE ++.PP ++Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays ++.SS rdate ++.IX Subsection "rdate" ++rdate [\-s/\-p] HOST ++.PP ++Set and print time from HOST using RFC 868 ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-s Only set system time ++\& \-p Only print time ++.Ve ++.SS rdev ++.IX Subsection "rdev" ++rdev ++.PP ++Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at \*(Aq/\*(Aq ++.SS readahead ++.IX Subsection "readahead" ++readahead [FILE]... ++.PP ++Preload FILEs to RAM ++.SS readlink ++.IX Subsection "readlink" ++readlink [\-fnv] FILE ++.PP ++Display the value of a symlink ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt add newline ++\& \-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks ++\& \-v Verbose ++.Ve ++.SS readprofile ++.IX Subsection "readprofile" ++readprofile [OPTIONS] ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-m MAPFILE (Default: /boot/System.map) ++\& \-p PROFILE (Default: /proc/profile) ++\& \-M NUM Set the profiling multiplier to NUM ++\& \-i Print only info about the sampling step ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 ++\& \-b Print individual histogram\-bin counts ++\& \-s Print individual counters within functions ++\& \-r Reset all the counters (root only) ++\& \-n Disable byte order auto\-detection ++.Ve ++.SS realpath ++.IX Subsection "realpath" ++realpath FILE... ++.PP ++Print absolute pathnames of FILEs ++.SS reboot ++.IX Subsection "reboot" ++reboot [\-d DELAY] [\-nf] ++.PP ++Reboot the system ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-d SEC Delay interval ++\& \-n Do not sync ++\& \-f Force (don\*(Aqt go through init) ++.Ve ++.SS reformime ++.IX Subsection "reformime" ++reformime [OPTIONS] ++.PP ++Parse MIME\-encoded message on stdin ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-x PREFIX Extract content of MIME sections to files ++\& \-X PROG ARGS Filter content of MIME sections through PROG ++\& Must be the last option ++.Ve ++.PP ++Other options are silently ignored ++.SS remove\-shell ++.IX Subsection "remove-shell" ++remove\-shell SHELL... ++.PP ++Remove SHELLs from /etc/shells ++.SS renice ++.IX Subsection "renice" ++renice [\-n] PRIORITY [[\-p|g|u] ID...]... ++.PP ++Change scheduling priority of a running process ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-n Add PRIORITY to current nice value ++\& Without \-n, nice value is set to PRIORITY ++\& \-p Process ids (default) ++\& \-g Process group ids ++\& \-u Process user names ++.Ve ++.SS reset ++.IX Subsection "reset" ++reset ++.PP ++Reset terminal (ESC codes) and termios (signals, buffering, echo) ++.SS resize ++.IX Subsection "resize" ++resize ++.PP ++Resize the screen ++.SS resume ++.IX Subsection "resume" ++resume BLOCKDEV [OFFSET] ++.PP ++Restore system state from \*(Aqsuspend\-to\-disk\*(Aq data in BLOCKDEV ++.SS rev ++.IX Subsection "rev" ++rev [FILE]... ++.PP ++Reverse lines of FILE ++.SS rm ++.IX Subsection "rm" ++rm [\-irf] FILE... ++.PP ++Remove (unlink) FILEs ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-i Always prompt before removing ++\& \-f Never prompt ++\& \-R,\-r Recurse ++.Ve ++.SS rmdir ++.IX Subsection "rmdir" ++rmdir [\-p] DIRECTORY... ++.PP ++Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-p Include parents ++\& \-\-ignore\-fail\-on\-non\-empty ++.Ve ++.SS rmmod ++.IX Subsection "rmmod" ++rmmod MODULE... ++.PP ++Unload kernel modules ++.SS route ++.IX Subsection "route" ++route [\-ne] [\-A inet[6]] [{add|del} [\-net|\-host] TARGET [netmask MASK] ++ [gw GATEWAY] [metric N] [mss BYTES] [window BYTES] [reject] [IFACE]] ++.PP ++Show or edit kernel routing tables ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names ++\& \-e Display other/more information ++\& \-A inet[6] Select address family ++.Ve ++.SS rpm ++.IX Subsection "rpm" ++rpm \-i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm \-qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm ++.PP ++Manipulate RPM packages ++.PP ++Commands: ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-i Install package ++\& \-qp Query package ++\& \-qpi Show information ++\& \-qpl List contents ++\& \-qpd List documents ++\& \-qpc List config files ++.Ve ++.SS rpm2cpio ++.IX Subsection "rpm2cpio" ++rpm2cpio PACKAGE.rpm ++.PP ++Output a cpio archive of the rpm file ++.SS rtcwake ++.IX Subsection "rtcwake" ++rtcwake [\-a | \-l | \-u] [\-d DEV] [\-m MODE] [\-s SEC | \-t TIME] ++.PP ++Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-a Read clock mode from /etc/adjtime (default) ++\& \-l Clock is set to local time ++\& \-u Clock is set to UTC time ++\& \-d DEV Specify the RTC device ++\& \-m MODE Set sleep state (default: standby) ++\& \-s SEC Set timeout in SEC seconds from now ++\& \-t TIME Set timeout to TIME seconds from epoch ++.Ve ++.SS run\-init ++.IX Subsection "run-init" ++run\-init [\-d CAP,CAP...] [\-n] [\-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS] ++.PP ++Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: ++.PP ++chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, ++execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint. ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch ++\& \-d CAPS Drop capabilities ++\& \-n Dry run ++.Ve ++.SS run\-parts ++.IX Subsection "run-parts" ++run\-parts [\-a ARG]... [\-u UMASK] [\-\-reverse] [\-\-test] [\-\-exit\-on\-error] [\-\-list] DIRECTORY ++.PP ++Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-a ARG Pass ARG as argument to scripts ++\& \-u UMASK Set UMASK before running scripts ++\& \-\-reverse Reverse execution order ++\& \-\-test Dry run ++\& \-\-exit\-on\-error Exit if a script exits with non\-zero ++\& \-\-list Print names of matching files even if they are not executable ++.Ve ++.SS runlevel ++.IX Subsection "runlevel" ++runlevel [FILE] ++.PP ++Find the current and previous system runlevel ++.PP ++If no utmp FILE exists or if no runlevel record can be found, ++print "unknown" ++.SS runsv ++.IX Subsection "runsv" ++runsv DIR ++.PP ++Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service ++.SS runsvdir ++.IX Subsection "runsvdir" ++runsvdir [\-P] [\-s SCRIPT] DIR ++.PP ++Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it. ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-P Put each runsv in a new session ++\& \-s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed ++.Ve ++.SS rx ++.IX Subsection "rx" ++rx FILE ++.PP ++Receive a file using the xmodem protocol ++.SS script ++.IX Subsection "script" ++script [\-afq] [\-t[FILE]] [\-c PROG] [OUTFILE] ++.PP ++Default OUTFILE is \*(Aqtypescript\*(Aq ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-a Append output ++\& \-c PROG Run PROG, not shell ++\& \-q Quiet ++\& \-t[FILE] Send timing to stderr or FILE ++.Ve ++.SS scriptreplay ++.IX Subsection "scriptreplay" ++scriptreplay TIMINGFILE [TYPESCRIPT [DIVISOR]] ++.PP ++Play back typescripts, using timing information ++.SS sed ++.IX Subsection "sed" ++sed [\-i[SFX]] [\-nrE] [\-f FILE]... [\-e CMD]... [FILE]... ++or: sed [\-i[SFX]] [\-nrE] CMD [FILE]... ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed ++\& \-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed ++\& \-i[SFX] Edit files in\-place (otherwise write to stdout) ++\& Optionally back files up, appending SFX ++\& \-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space ++\& \-r,\-E Use extended regex syntax ++.Ve ++.PP ++If no \-e or \-f, the first non\-option argument is the sed command string. ++Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none). ++.SS seedrng ++.IX Subsection "seedrng" ++seedrng [\-d DIR] [\-n] ++.PP ++Seed the kernel RNG from seed files ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-d DIR Use seed files in DIR (default: /var/lib/seedrng) ++\& \-n Do not credit randomness, even if creditable ++.Ve ++.SS sendmail ++.IX Subsection "sendmail" ++sendmail [\-tv] [\-f SENDER] [\-amLOGIN 4<user_pass.txt | \-auUSER \-apPASS] ++ [\-w SECS] [\-H \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq | \-S HOST] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]... ++.PP ++Read email from stdin and send it ++.PP ++Standard options: ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-t Read additional recipients from message body ++\& \-f SENDER For use in MAIL FROM:<sender>. Can be empty string ++\& Default: \-auUSER, or username of current UID ++\& \-o OPTIONS Various options. \-oi implied, others are ignored ++\& \-i \-oi synonym, implied and ignored ++.Ve ++.PP ++Busybox specific options: ++.PP ++.Vb 12 ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-w SECS Network timeout ++\& \-H \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq Run connection helper. Examples: ++\& openssl s_client \-quiet \-tls1 \-starttls smtp \-connect smtp.gmail.com:25 ++\& openssl s_client \-quiet \-tls1 \-connect smtp.gmail.com:465 ++\& $SMTP_ANTISPAM_DELAY: seconds to wait after helper connect ++\& \-S HOST[:PORT] Server (default $SMTPHOST or 127.0.0.1) ++\& \-amLOGIN Log in using AUTH LOGIN ++\& \-amPLAIN or AUTH PLAIN ++\& (\-amCRAM\-MD5 not supported) ++\& \-auUSER Username for AUTH ++\& \-apPASS Password for AUTH ++.Ve ++.PP ++If no \-a options are given, authentication is not done. ++If \-amLOGIN is given but no \-au/\-ap, user/password is read from fd #4. ++Other options are silently ignored; \-oi is implied. ++Use makemime to create emails with attachments. ++.SS seq ++.IX Subsection "seq" ++seq [\-w] [\-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST ++.PP ++Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. ++FIRST, INC default to 1. ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-w Pad with leading zeros ++\& \-s SEP String separator ++.Ve ++.SS setarch ++.IX Subsection "setarch" ++setarch PERSONALITY [\-R] PROG ARGS ++.PP ++PERSONALITY may be: ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation ++\& linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation ++\& ++\& \-R Disable address space randomization ++.Ve ++.SS setconsole ++.IX Subsection "setconsole" ++setconsole [\-r] [DEVICE] ++.PP ++Make writes to /dev/console appear on DEVICE (default: /dev/tty). ++Does not redirect kernel log output or reads from /dev/console. ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-r Reset: writes to /dev/console go to kernel log tty(s) ++.Ve ++.SS setfattr ++.IX Subsection "setfattr" ++setfattr [\-h] \-n|\-x ATTR [\-v VALUE] FILE... ++.PP ++Set extended attributes ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-h Do not follow symlinks ++\& \-x ATTR Remove attribute ATTR ++\& \-n ATTR Set attribute ATTR to VALUE ++\& \-v VALUE (default: empty) ++.Ve ++.SS setfont ++.IX Subsection "setfont" ++setfont [\-m MAPFILE] [\-C TTY] FILE ++.PP ++Load a console font ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-m MAPFILE Load console screen map ++\& \-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty ++.Ve ++.SS setkeycodes ++.IX Subsection "setkeycodes" ++setkeycodes { SCANCODE KEYCODE }... ++.PP ++Modify kernel\*(Aqs scancode\-to\-keycode map, ++allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes. ++.PP ++SCANCODE is either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), KEYCODE is decimal. ++.SS setlogcons ++.IX Subsection "setlogcons" ++setlogcons [N] ++.PP ++Pin kernel output to VT console N. Default:0 (do not pin) ++.SS setpriv ++.IX Subsection "setpriv" ++setpriv [OPTIONS] PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Run PROG with different privilege settings ++.PP ++\&\-d,\-\-dump Show current capabilities ++\&\-\-nnp,\-\-no\-new\-privs Ignore setuid/setgid bits and file capabilities ++\&\-\-inh\-caps CAP,CAP Set inheritable capabilities ++\&\-\-ambient\-caps CAP,CAP Set ambient capabilities ++.SS setserial ++.IX Subsection "setserial" ++setserial [\-abGvz] { DEVICE [PARAMETER [ARG]]... | \-g DEVICE... } ++.PP ++Print or set serial port parameters ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-a Print all ++\& \-b Print summary ++\& \-G Print as setserial PARAMETERs ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-z Zero out serial flags before setting ++\& \-g All args are device names ++.Ve ++.PP ++PARAMETERs: (* = takes ARG, ^ = can be turned off by preceding ^) ++ *port, *irq, *divisor, *uart, *baud_base, *close_delay, *closing_wait, ++ ^fourport, ^auto_irq, ^skip_test, ^sak, ^session_lockout, ^pgrp_lockout, ++ ^callout_nohup, ^split_termios, ^hup_notify, ^low_latency, autoconfig, ++ spd_normal, spd_hi, spd_vhi, spd_shi, spd_warp, spd_cust ++ARG for uart: ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& unknown, 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A, Cirrus, 16650, 16650V2, 16750, ++\& 16950, 16954, 16654, 16850, RSA, NS16550A, XSCALE, RM9000, OCTEON, AR7, ++\& U6_16550A ++.Ve ++.SS setsid ++.IX Subsection "setsid" ++setsid [\-c] PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal ++and will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc). ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-c Set controlling terminal to stdin ++.Ve ++.SS setuidgid ++.IX Subsection "setuidgid" ++setuidgid USER PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Set uid and gid to USER\*(Aqs uid and gid, drop supplementary group ids, ++run PROG ++.SS sh ++.IX Subsection "sh" ++sh [\-il] [\-|+Cabefmnuvx] [\-|+o OPT]... [\-c \*(AqSCRIPT\*(Aq [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | \-s ARGS] ++.PP ++Unix shell interpreter ++.SS sha1sum ++.IX Subsection "sha1sum" ++sha1sum [\-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print or check SHA1 checksums ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success ++\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++.Ve ++.SS sha256sum ++.IX Subsection "sha256sum" ++sha256sum [\-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print or check SHA256 checksums ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success ++\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++.Ve ++.SS sha384sum ++.IX Subsection "sha384sum" ++sha384sum [\-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print or check SHA384 checksums ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success ++\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++.Ve ++.SS sha3sum ++.IX Subsection "sha3sum" ++sha3sum [\-c[sw]] [\-a BITS] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print or check SHA3 checksums ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success ++\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++\& \-a BITS 224 (default), 256, 384, 512 ++.Ve ++.SS sha512sum ++.IX Subsection "sha512sum" ++sha512sum [\-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print or check SHA512 checksums ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success ++\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++.Ve ++.SS showkey ++.IX Subsection "showkey" ++showkey [\-a | \-k | \-s] ++.PP ++Show keys pressed ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys ++\& \-k Display interpreted keycodes (default) ++\& \-s Display raw scan\-codes ++.Ve ++.SS shred ++.IX Subsection "shred" ++shred [\-fuz] [\-n N] [\-s SIZE] FILE... ++.PP ++Overwrite/delete FILEs ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-f Chmod to ensure writability ++\& \-s SIZE Size to write ++\& \-n N Overwrite N times (default 3) ++\& \-z Final overwrite with zeros ++\& \-u Remove file ++.Ve ++.SS shuf ++.IX Subsection "shuf" ++shuf [\-n NUM] [\-o FILE] [\-z] [FILE | \-e [ARG...] | \-i L\-H] ++.PP ++Randomly permute lines ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-n NUM Output at most NUM lines ++\& \-o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output ++\& \-z NUL terminated output ++\& \-e Treat ARGs as lines ++\& \-i L\-H Treat numbers L\-H as lines ++.Ve ++.SS slattach ++.IX Subsection "slattach" ++slattach [\-ehmLF] [\-c SCRIPT] [\-s BAUD] [\-p PROTOCOL] SERIAL_DEVICE ++.PP ++Configure serial line as SLIP network interface ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-p PROT Protocol: slip, cslip (default), slip6, clisp6, adaptive ++\& \-s BAUD Line speed ++\& \-e Exit after initialization ++\& \-h Exit if carrier is lost (else never exits) ++\& \-c PROG Run PROG on carrier loss ++\& \-m Do NOT set raw 8bit mode ++\& \-L Enable 3\-wire operation ++\& \-F Disable RTS/CTS flow control ++.Ve ++.SS sleep ++.IX Subsection "sleep" ++sleep [N]... ++.PP ++Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can ++have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays ++.SS smemcap ++.IX Subsection "smemcap" ++smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR ++.PP ++Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout ++.SS softlimit ++.IX Subsection "softlimit" ++softlimit [\-a BYTES] [\-m BYTES] [\-d BYTES] [\-s BYTES] [\-l BYTES] ++ [\-f BYTES] [\-c BYTES] [\-r BYTES] [\-o N] [\-p N] [\-t N] ++ PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Set soft resource limits, then run PROG ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-a BYTES Limit total size of all segments ++\& \-m BYTES Same as \-d BYTES \-s BYTES \-l BYTES \-a BYTES ++\& \-d BYTES Limit data segment ++\& \-s BYTES Limit stack segment ++\& \-l BYTES Limit locked memory size ++\& \-o N Limit number of open files per process ++\& \-p N Limit number of processes per uid ++\&Options controlling file sizes: ++\& ++\& \-f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++\& \-c BYTES Limit core file size ++\&Efficiency opts: ++\& ++\& \-r BYTES Limit resident set size ++\& \-t N Limit CPU time, process receives ++\& a SIGXCPU after N seconds ++.Ve ++.SS sort ++.IX Subsection "sort" ++sort [\-nrughMcszbdfiokt] [\-o FILE] [\-k START[.OFS][OPTS][,END[.OFS][OPTS]] [\-t CHAR] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Sort lines of text ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-o FILE Output to FILE ++\& \-c Check whether input is sorted ++\& \-b Ignore leading blanks ++\& \-f Ignore case ++\& \-i Ignore unprintable characters ++\& \-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) ++\& \-n Sort numbers ++\& \-g General numerical sort ++\& \-h Sort human readable numbers (2K 1G) ++\& \-M Sort month ++\& \-V Sort version ++\& \-t CHAR Field separator ++\& \-k N[,M] Sort by Nth field ++\& \-r Reverse sort order ++\& \-s Stable (don\*(Aqt sort ties alphabetically) ++\& \-u Suppress duplicate lines ++\& \-z NUL terminated input and output ++.Ve ++.SS split ++.IX Subsection "split" ++split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]] ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-b N[k|m] Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes ++\& \-l N Split by N lines ++\& \-a N Use N letters as suffix ++.Ve ++.SS ssl_client ++.IX Subsection "ssl_client" ++ssl_client [\-n SNI] { \-s FD [\-r FD] | HOST | \-e PROG ARGS } ++.SS ssl_server ++.IX Subsection "ssl_server" ++ssl_server \-f PRIVKEY_CERT.pem PROG ARGSInetd\-style TLS server ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-f PEMFILE HAProxy\-style CRT file ++.Ve ++.SS start\-stop\-daemon ++.IX Subsection "start-stop-daemon" ++start\-stop\-daemon \-S|\-K [OPTIONS] [\-\- ARGS] ++.PP ++Search for matching processes, and then ++\&\-S: start a process unless a matching process is found ++\&\-K: stop all matching processes ++.PP ++Process matching: ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-u USERNAME|UID Match only this user\*(Aqs processes ++\& \-n NAME Match processes with NAME ++\& in comm field in /proc/PID/stat ++\& \-x EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command ++\& in /proc/PID/cmdline ++\& \-p FILE Match a process with PID from FILE ++\& All specified conditions must match ++\&\-S only: ++\& \-x EXECUTABLE Program to run ++\& \-a NAME Zeroth argument ++\& \-b Background ++\& \-O FILE Append stdout and stderr to FILE ++\& \-N N Change nice level ++\& \-c USER[:[GRP]] Change user/group ++\& \-d DIR Change to DIR ++\& \-m Write PID to pidfile specified by \-p ++\&\-K only: ++\& \-s SIG Signal to send ++\& \-t Match only, exit with 0 if found ++\&Other: ++\& ++\& \-o Exit with status 0 if nothing is done ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-q Quiet ++.Ve ++.SS stat ++.IX Subsection "stat" ++stat [\-ltf] [\-c FMT] FILE... ++.PP ++Display file (default) or filesystem status ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-c FMT Use the specified format ++\& \-f Display filesystem status ++\& \-L Follow links ++\& \-t Terse display ++.Ve ++.PP ++FMT sequences for files: ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& %a Access rights in octal ++\& %A Access rights in human readable form ++\& %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) ++\& %B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b ++\& %d Device number in decimal ++\& %D Device number in hex ++\& %f Raw mode in hex ++\& %F File type ++\& %g Group ID ++\& %G Group name ++\& %h Number of hard links ++\& %i Inode number ++\& %n File name ++\& %N File name, with \-> TARGET if symlink ++\& %o I/O block size ++\& %s Total size in bytes ++\& %t Major device type in hex ++\& %T Minor device type in hex ++\& %u User ID ++\& %U User name ++\& %x Time of last access ++\& %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch ++\& %y Time of last modification ++\& %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch ++\& %z Time of last change ++\& %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch ++.Ve ++.PP ++FMT sequences for file systems: ++.PP ++.Vb 12 ++\& %a Free blocks available to non\-superuser ++\& %b Total data blocks ++\& %c Total file nodes ++\& %d Free file nodes ++\& %f Free blocks ++\& %i File System ID in hex ++\& %l Maximum length of filenames ++\& %n File name ++\& %s Block size (for faster transfer) ++\& %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) ++\& %t Type in hex ++\& %T Type in human readable form ++.Ve ++.SS strings ++.IX Subsection "strings" ++strings [\-fo] [\-t o|d|x] [\-n LEN] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Display printable strings in a binary file ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-f Precede strings with filenames ++\& \-o Precede strings with octal offsets ++\& \-t o|d|x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16 ++\& \-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) ++.Ve ++.SS stty ++.IX Subsection "stty" ++stty [\-a|g] [\-F DEVICE] [SETTING]... ++.PP ++Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, ++and deviations from stty sane ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin ++\& \-a Print all current settings in human\-readable form ++\& \-g Print in stty\-readable form ++\& [SETTING] See manpage ++.Ve ++.SS su ++.IX Subsection "su" ++su [\-lmp] [\-s SH] [\-] [USER [FILE ARGS | \-c \*(AqCMD\*(Aq [ARG0 ARGS]]] ++.PP ++Run shell under USER (by default, root) ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-,\-l Clear environment, go to home dir, run shell as login shell ++\& \-p,\-m Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME ++\& \-c CMD Command to pass to \*(Aqsh \-c\*(Aq ++\& \-s SH Shell to use instead of user\*(Aqs default ++.Ve ++.SS sulogin ++.IX Subsection "sulogin" ++sulogin [\-t N] [TTY] ++.PP ++Single user login ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-p Start a login shell ++\& \-t SEC Timeout ++.Ve ++.SS sum ++.IX Subsection "sum" ++sum [\-rs] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Checksum and count the blocks in a file ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) ++\& \-s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks) ++.Ve ++.SS sv ++.IX Subsection "sv" ++sv [\-v] [\-w SEC] CMD SERVICE_DIR... ++.PP ++Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. ++Commands (only first character is enough): ++.PP ++status: query service status ++up: if service isn\*(Aqt running, start it. If service stops, restart it ++once: like \*(Aqup\*(Aq, but if service stops, don\*(Aqt restart it ++down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish ++ if it exists. After it stops, don\*(Aqt restart service ++exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, ++ runsv exits too ++pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send ++STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service ++.SS svc ++.IX Subsection "svc" ++svc [\-udopchaitkx] SERVICE_DIR... ++.PP ++Control services monitored by runsv supervisor ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-u If service is not running, start it; restart if it stops ++\& \-d If service is running, send TERM+CONT signals; do not restart it ++\& \-o Once: if service is not running, start it; do not restart it ++\& \-pchaitk Send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, TERM, KILL signal to service ++\& \-x Exit: runsv will exit as soon as the service is down ++.Ve ++.SS svlogd ++.IX Subsection "svlogd" ++svlogd [\-tttv] [\-r C] [\-R CHARS] [\-l MATCHLEN] [\-b BUFLEN] DIR... ++.PP ++Read log data from stdin and write to rotated log files in DIRs ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-r C Replace non\-printable characters with C ++\& \-R CHARS Also replace CHARS with C (default _) ++\& \-t Timestamp with @tai64n ++\& \-tt Timestamp with yyyy\-mm\-dd_hh:mm:ss.sssss ++\& \-ttt Timestamp with yyyy\-mm\-ddThh:mm:ss.sssss ++\& \-v Verbose ++.Ve ++.PP ++DIR/config file modifies behavior: ++sSIZE \- when to rotate logs (default 1000000, 0 disables) ++nNUM \- number of files to retain ++!PROG \- process rotated log with PROG +++,\-PATTERN \- (de)select line for logging ++E,ePATTERN \- (de)select line for stderr ++.SS svok ++.IX Subsection "svok" ++svok SERVICE_DIR ++.PP ++Check whether runsv supervisor is running. ++Exit code is 0 if it does, 100 if it does not, ++111 (with error message) if SERVICE_DIR does not exist. ++.SS swapoff ++.IX Subsection "swapoff" ++swapoff [\-a] [DEVICE] ++.PP ++Stop swapping on DEVICE ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-a Stop swapping on all swap devices ++.Ve ++.SS swapon ++.IX Subsection "swapon" ++swapon [\-a] [\-e] [\-d[POL]] [\-p PRI] [DEVICE] ++.PP ++Start swapping on DEVICE ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-a Start swapping on all swap devices ++\& \-d[POL] Discard blocks at swapon (POL=once), ++\& as freed (POL=pages), or both (POL omitted) ++\& \-e Silently skip devices that do not exist ++\& \-p PRI Set swap device priority ++.Ve ++.SS switch_root ++.IX Subsection "switch_root" ++switch_root [\-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS] ++.PP ++Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: ++.PP ++chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, ++execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint. ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch ++.Ve ++.SS sync ++.IX Subsection "sync" ++sync [\-df] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk ++ \-d Avoid syncing metadata ++ \-f Sync filesystems underlying FILEs ++.SS sysctl ++.IX Subsection "sysctl" ++sysctl [\-enq] { \-a | \-p [FILE]... | [\-w] [KEY[=VALUE]]... } ++.PP ++Show/set kernel parameters ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-e Don\*(Aqt warn about unknown keys ++\& \-n Don\*(Aqt show key names ++\& \-q Quiet ++\& \-a Show all values ++\& \-p Set values from FILEs (default /etc/sysctl.conf) ++\& \-w Set values ++.Ve ++.SS syslogd ++.IX Subsection "syslogd" ++syslogd [OPTIONS] ++.PP ++System logging utility ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-n Run in foreground ++\& \-R HOST[:PORT] Log to HOST:PORT (default PORT:514) ++\& \-L Log locally and via network (default is network only if \-R) ++\& \-C[size_kb] Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it) ++\& \-K Log to kernel printk buffer (use dmesg to read it) ++\& \-O FILE Log to FILE (default: /var/log/messages, stdout if \-) ++\& \-s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotation (default 200KB, 0=off) ++\& \-b N N rotated logs to keep (default 1, max 99, 0=purge) ++\& \-l N Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1\-8) ++\& \-S Smaller output ++\& \-t Strip client\-generated timestamps ++\& \-D Drop duplicates ++\& \-f FILE Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf) ++.Ve ++.SS tac ++.IX Subsection "tac" ++tac [FILE]... ++.PP ++Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse ++.SS tail ++.IX Subsection "tail" ++tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Print last 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin) to. ++With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header. ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-c [+]N[bkm] Print last N bytes ++\& \-n N[bkm] Print last N lines ++\& \-n +N[bkm] Start on Nth line and print the rest ++\& (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++\& \-q Never print headers ++\& \-v Always print headers ++\& \-f Print data as file grows ++\& \-F Same as \-f, but keep retrying ++\& \-s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with \-f ++.Ve ++.SS tar ++.IX Subsection "tar" ++tar c|x|t [\-zJjahmvokO] [\-f TARFILE] [\-C DIR] [\-T FILE] [\-X FILE] [LONGOPT]... [FILE]... ++.PP ++Create, extract, or list files from a tar file ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& c Create ++\& x Extract ++\& t List ++\& \-f FILE Name of TARFILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdin/out) ++\& \-C DIR Change to DIR before operation ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-O Extract to stdout ++\& \-m Don\*(Aqt restore mtime ++\& \-o Don\*(Aqt restore user:group ++\& \-k Don\*(Aqt replace existing files ++\& \-z (De)compress using gzip ++\& \-J (De)compress using xz ++\& \-j (De)compress using bzip2 ++\& \-\-lzma (De)compress using lzma ++\& \-a (De)compress based on extension ++\& \-h Follow symlinks ++\& \-T FILE File with names to include ++\& \-X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude ++\& \-\-exclude PATTERN Glob pattern to exclude ++\& \-\-overwrite Replace existing files ++\& \-\-strip\-components NUM NUM of leading components to strip ++\& \-\-no\-recursion Don\*(Aqt descend in directories ++\& \-\-numeric\-owner Use numeric user:group ++\& \-\-no\-same\-permissions Don\*(Aqt restore access permissions ++\& \-\-to\-command COMMAND Pipe files to COMMAND ++.Ve ++.SS taskset ++.IX Subsection "taskset" ++taskset [\-ap] [HEXMASK | \-c LIST] { PID | PROG ARGS } ++.PP ++Set or get CPU affinity ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-p Operate on PID ++\& \-a Operate on all threads ++\& \-c Affinity is a list, not mask ++.Ve ++.SS tc ++.IX Subsection "tc" ++tc OBJECT CMD [dev STRING] ++.PP ++OBJECT: qdisc|class|filter ++CMD: add|del|change|replace|show ++.PP ++qdisc [handle QHANDLE] [root|ingress|parent CLASSID] ++ [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS]] ++ QDISC_KIND := [p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc. ++qdisc show [dev STRING] [ingress] ++class [classid CLASSID] [root|parent CLASSID] ++ [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS] ] ++class show [ dev STRING ] [root|parent CLASSID] ++filter [pref PRIO] [protocol PROTO] ++ [root|classid CLASSID] [handle FILTERID] ++ [[FILTER_TYPE] [help|OPTIONS]] ++filter show [dev STRING] [root|parent CLASSID] ++.SS tcpsvd ++.IX Subsection "tcpsvd" ++tcpsvd [\-hEv] [\-c N] [\-C N[:MSG]] [\-b N] [\-u USER] [\-l NAME] IP PORT PROG ++.PP ++Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connections. ++Run PROG for each connection. ++.PP ++.Vb 12 ++\& IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++\& PROG ARGS Program to run ++\& \-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++\& \-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++\& \-b N Allow backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs (default 20) ++\& \-C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP: ++\& new connections from this IP address are closed ++\& immediately, MSG is written to the peer before close ++\& \-E Don\*(Aqt set up environment ++\& \-h Look up peer\*(Aqs hostname ++\& \-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++\& \-v Verbose ++.Ve ++.PP ++Environment if no \-E: ++PROTO=\*(AqTCP\*(Aq ++TCPREMOTEADDR=\*(Aqip:port\*(Aq (\*(Aq[ip]:port\*(Aq for IPv6) ++TCPLOCALADDR=\*(Aqip:port\*(Aq ++TCPORIGDSTADDR=\*(Aqip:port\*(Aq of destination before firewall ++ Useful for REDIRECTed\-to\-local connections: ++ iptables \-t nat \-A PREROUTING \-p tcp \-\-dport 80 \-j REDIRECT \-\-to 8080 ++TCPCONCURRENCY=num_of_connects_from_this_ip ++If \-h: ++TCPLOCALHOST=\*(Aqhostname\*(Aq (\-l NAME is used if specified) ++TCPREMOTEHOST=\*(Aqhostname\*(Aq ++.SS tee ++.IX Subsection "tee" ++tee [\-ai] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-a Append to the given FILEs, don\*(Aqt overwrite ++\& \-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT) ++.Ve ++.SS telnet ++.IX Subsection "telnet" ++telnet [\-a] [\-l USER] HOST [PORT] ++.PP ++Connect to telnet server ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-a Automatic login with $USER envvar ++\& \-l USER Automatic login as USER ++.Ve ++.SS telnetd ++.IX Subsection "telnetd" ++telnetd [OPTIONS] ++.PP ++Handle incoming telnet connections ++.PP ++.Vb 12 ++\& \-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect (default /bin/login) ++\& \-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue.net ++\& \-K Close connection as soon as login exits ++\& (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) ++\& \-p PORT Port to listen on. Default 23 ++\& \-b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to ++\& \-F Run in foreground ++\& \-i Inetd mode ++\& \-w SEC Inetd \*(Aqwait\*(Aq mode, linger time SEC ++\& inetd.conf line: 23 stream tcp wait root telnetd telnetd \-w10 ++\& \-S Log to syslog (implied by \-i or without \-F and \-w) ++\& \-v Verbose ++.Ve ++.SS tftp ++.IX Subsection "tftp" ++tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT] ++.PP ++Transfer a file from/to tftp server ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-l FILE Local FILE ++\& \-r FILE Remote FILE ++\& \-g Get file ++\& \-p Put file ++\& \-b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes ++.Ve ++.SS tftpd ++.IX Subsection "tftpd" ++tftpd [\-crl] [\-u USER] [DIR] ++.PP ++Transfer a file on tftp client\*(Aqs request ++.PP ++tftpd is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: ++ 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd \-l /files/to/serve ++Can be run from udpsvd: ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& udpsvd \-vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve ++\& ++\& \-r Prohibit upload ++\& \-c Allow file creation via upload ++\& \-u USER Access files as USER ++\& \-l Log to syslog (inetd mode requires this) ++.Ve ++.SS time ++.IX Subsection "time" ++time [\-vpa] [\-o FILE] PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-p POSIX output format ++\& \-f FMT Custom format ++\& \-o FILE Write result to FILE ++\& \-a Append (else overwrite) ++.Ve ++.SS timeout ++.IX Subsection "timeout" ++timeout [\-s SIG] [\-k KILL_SECS] SECS PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Run PROG. Send SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. ++Default SIG: TERM.If it still exists in KILL_SECS seconds, send KILL. ++.SS top ++.IX Subsection "top" ++top [\-bmH] [\-n COUNT] [\-d SECONDS] ++.PP ++Show a view of process activity in real time. ++Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS ++and show a screenful of them. ++Keys: ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time ++\& S: show memory ++\& R: reverse sort ++\& H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP ++\& Q,^C: exit ++\&Options: ++\& ++\& \-b Batch mode ++\& \-n N Exit after N iterations ++\& \-d SEC Delay between updates ++\& \-m Same as \*(Aqs\*(Aq key ++\& \-H Show threads ++.Ve ++.SS touch ++.IX Subsection "touch" ++touch [\-cham] [\-d DATE] [\-t DATE] [\-r FILE] FILE... ++.PP ++Update mtime of FILEs ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-c Don\*(Aqt create files ++\& \-h Don\*(Aqt follow links ++\& \-a Change only atime ++\& \-m Change only mtime ++\& \-d DT Date/time to use ++\& \-t DT Date/time to use ++\& \-r FILE Use FILE\*(Aqs date/time ++.Ve ++.SS tr ++.IX Subsection "tr" ++tr [\-cds] STRING1 [STRING2] ++.PP ++Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c Take complement of STRING1 ++\& \-d Delete input characters coded STRING1 ++\& \-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character ++.Ve ++.SS traceroute ++.IX Subsection "traceroute" ++traceroute [\-46IFlnrv] [\-f 1ST_TTL] [\-m MAXTTL] [\-q PROBES] [\-p PORT] ++ [\-t TOS] [\-w WAIT_SEC] [\-s SRC_IP] [\-i IFACE] ++ [\-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES] ++.PP ++Trace the route to HOST ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-4,\-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++\& \-F Set don\*(Aqt fragment bit ++\& \-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++\& \-l Display TTL value of the returned packet ++\& \-n Print numeric addresses ++\& \-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-f N First number of hops (default 1) ++\& \-m N Max number of hops ++\& \-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++\& \-p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++\& (default 33434) ++\& \-s IP Source address ++\& \-i IFACE Source interface ++\& \-t N Type\-of\-service in probe packets (default 0) ++\& \-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++\& \-z MSEC Wait before each send ++.Ve ++.SS traceroute6 ++.IX Subsection "traceroute6" ++traceroute6 [\-Inrv] [\-f 1ST_TTL] [\-m MAXTTL] [\-q PROBES] [\-p PORT] ++ [\-t TOS] [\-w WAIT_SEC] [\-s SRC_IP] [\-i IFACE] ++ [\-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES] ++.PP ++Trace the route to HOST ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++\& \-n Print numeric addresses ++\& \-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++\& \-v Verbose ++\& \-f N First number of hops (default 1) ++\& \-m N Max number of hops ++\& \-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++\& \-p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++\& (default 33434) ++\& \-s IP Source address ++\& \-i IFACE Source interface ++\& \-t N Type\-of\-service in probe packets (default 0) ++\& \-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++\& \-z MSEC Wait before each send ++.Ve ++.SS truncate ++.IX Subsection "truncate" ++truncate [\-c] \-s SIZE FILE... ++.PP ++Truncate FILEs to SIZE ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-c Do not create files ++\& \-s SIZE ++.Ve ++.SS ts ++.IX Subsection "ts" ++ts [\-is] [STRFTIME] ++.PP ++Pipe stdin to stdout, add timestamp to each line ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-s Time since start ++\& \-i Time since previous line ++.Ve ++.SS tsort ++.IX Subsection "tsort" ++tsort [FILE] ++.PP ++Topological sort ++.SS tty ++.IX Subsection "tty" ++tty [\-s] ++.PP ++Print file name of stdin\*(Aqs terminal ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-s Print nothing, only return exit status ++.Ve ++.SS ttysize ++.IX Subsection "ttysize" ++ttysize [w] [h] ++.PP ++Print dimensions of stdin tty, or 80x24 ++.SS tunctl ++.IX Subsection "tunctl" ++tunctl [\-f DEVICE] [\-t NAME | \-d NAME] [\-u USER] [\-g GRP] [\-b] ++.PP ++Create or delete TUN/TAP interfaces ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-f DEV TUN device (default /dev/net/tun) ++\& \-t NAME Create iface (default: tapN) ++\& \-d NAME Delete iface ++\& \-u USER Set iface owner ++\& \-g GRP Set iface group ++\& \-b Brief output ++.Ve ++.SS ubiattach ++.IX Subsection "ubiattach" ++ubiattach \-m MTD_NUM [\-d UBI_NUM] [\-O VID_HDR_OFF] UBI_CTRL_DEV ++.PP ++Attach MTD device to UBI ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-m MTD_NUM MTD device number to attach ++\& \-d UBI_NUM UBI device number to assign ++\& \-O VID_HDR_OFF VID header offset ++.Ve ++.SS ubidetach ++.IX Subsection "ubidetach" ++ubidetach \-d UBI_NUM UBI_CTRL_DEV ++.PP ++Detach MTD device from UBI ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-d UBI_NUM UBI device number ++.Ve ++.SS ubimkvol ++.IX Subsection "ubimkvol" ++ubimkvol \-N NAME [\-s SIZE | \-m] UBI_DEVICE ++.PP ++Create UBI volume ++.PP ++.Vb 7 ++\& \-a ALIGNMENT Volume alignment (default 1) ++\& \-m Set volume size to maximum available ++\& \-n VOLID Volume ID. If not specified, ++\& assigned automatically ++\& \-N NAME Volume name ++\& \-s SIZE Size in bytes ++\& \-t TYPE Volume type (static|dynamic) ++.Ve ++.SS ubirename ++.IX Subsection "ubirename" ++ubirename UBI_DEVICE OLD_VOLNAME NEW_VOLNAME [OLD2 NEW2]... ++.PP ++Rename UBI volumes on UBI_DEVICE ++.SS ubirmvol ++.IX Subsection "ubirmvol" ++ubirmvol \-n VOLID | \-N VOLNAME UBI_DEVICE ++.PP ++Remove UBI volume ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-n VOLID Volume ID ++\& \-N VOLNAME Volume name ++.Ve ++.SS ubirsvol ++.IX Subsection "ubirsvol" ++ubirsvol \-n VOLID \-s SIZE UBI_DEVICE ++.PP ++Resize UBI volume ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-n VOLID Volume ID ++\& \-s SIZE Size in bytes ++.Ve ++.SS ubiupdatevol ++.IX Subsection "ubiupdatevol" ++ubiupdatevol \-t UBI_DEVICE | [\-s SIZE] UBI_DEVICE IMG_FILE ++.PP ++Update UBI volume ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-t Truncate to zero size ++\& \-s SIZE Size in bytes to resize to ++.Ve ++.SS udhcpc ++.IX Subsection "udhcpc" ++udhcpc [\-fbqvRB] [\-a[MSEC]] [\-t N] [\-T SEC] [\-A SEC|\-n] ++ [\-i IFACE] [\-s PROG] [\-p PIDFILE] ++ [\-oC] [\-r IP] [\-V VENDOR] [\-F NAME] [\-x OPT:VAL]... [\-O OPT]... ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++\& \-s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) ++\& \-p FILE Create pidfile ++\& \-B Request broadcast replies ++\& \-t N Send up to N discover packets (default 3) ++\& \-T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++\& \-A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++\& \-b Background if lease is not obtained ++\& \-n Exit if lease is not obtained ++\& \-q Exit after obtaining lease ++\& \-R Release IP on exit ++\& \-f Run in foreground ++\& \-S Log to syslog too ++\& \-a[MSEC] Validate offered address with ARP ping ++\& \-r IP Request this IP address ++\& \-o Don\*(Aqt request any options (unless \-O is given) ++\& \-O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++\& \-x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++\& Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++\& \-x hostname:bbox \- option 12 ++\& \-x lease:3600 \- option 51 (lease time) ++\& \-x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE \- option 61 (client id) ++\& \-x 14:\*(Aq"dumpfile"\*(Aq \- option 14 (shell\-quoted) ++\& \-F NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME ++\& \-V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default \*(Aqudhcp VERSION\*(Aq) ++\& \-C Don\*(Aqt send MAC as client identifier ++\& \-v Verbose ++\&Signals: ++\& ++\& USR1 Renew lease ++\& USR2 Release lease ++.Ve ++.SS udhcpc6 ++.IX Subsection "udhcpc6" ++udhcpc6 [\-fbqvR] [\-t N] [\-T SEC] [\-A SEC|\-n] [\-i IFACE] [\-s PROG] ++ [\-p PIDFILE] [\-mldo] [\-r IPv6] [\-x OPT:VAL]... [\-O OPT]... ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++\& \-p FILE Create pidfile ++\& \-s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default6.script) ++\& \-t N Send up to N discover packets ++\& \-T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++\& \-A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++\& \-b Background if lease is not obtained ++\& \-n Exit if lease is not obtained ++\& \-q Exit after obtaining lease ++\& \-R Release IP on exit ++\& \-f Run in foreground ++\& \-S Log to syslog too ++\& \-m Send multicast renew requests rather than unicast ones ++\& \-l Send \*(Aqinformation request\*(Aq instead of \*(Aqsolicit\*(Aq ++\& (used for servers which do not assign IPv6 addresses) ++\& \-r IPv6 Request this address (\*(Aqno\*(Aq to not request any IP) ++\& \-d Request prefix ++\& \-o Don\*(Aqt request any options (unless \-O is given) ++\& \-O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++\& \-x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++\& Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++\& \-x hostname:bbox \- option 12 ++\& \-x lease:3600 \- option 51 (lease time) ++\& \-x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE \- option 61 (client id) ++\& \-x 14:\*(Aq"dumpfile"\*(Aq \- option 14 (shell\-quoted) ++\& \-v Verbose ++\&Signals: ++\& ++\& USR1 Renew lease ++\& USR2 Release lease ++.Ve ++.SS udhcpd ++.IX Subsection "udhcpd" ++udhcpd [\-fS] [\-I ADDR] [\-a MSEC] [CONFFILE] ++.PP ++DHCP server ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-f Run in foreground ++\& \-S Log to syslog too ++\& \-I ADDR Local address ++\& \-a MSEC Timeout for ARP ping (default 2000) ++\&Signals: ++\& ++\& USR1 Update lease file ++.Ve ++.SS udpsvd ++.IX Subsection "udpsvd" ++udpsvd [\-hEv] [\-c N] [\-u USER] [\-l NAME] IP PORT PROG ++.PP ++Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets. ++Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same ++peer ip:port to it. ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++\& PROG ARGS Program to run ++\& \-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++\& \-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++\& \-E Don\*(Aqt set up environment ++\& \-h Look up peer\*(Aqs hostname ++\& \-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++\& \-v Verbose ++.Ve ++.PP ++Environment if no \-E: ++PROTO=\*(AqUDP\*(Aq ++UDPREMOTEADDR=\*(Aqip:port\*(Aq (\*(Aq[ip]:port\*(Aq for IPv6) ++UDPLOCALADDR=\*(Aqip:port\*(Aq ++If \-h: ++UDPLOCALHOST=\*(Aqhostname\*(Aq (\-l NAME is used if specified) ++UDPREMOTEHOST=\*(Aqhostname\*(Aq ++.SS uevent ++.IX Subsection "uevent" ++uevent [PROG ARGS] ++.PP ++uevent runs PROG for every netlink notification. ++PROG\*(Aqs environment contains data passed from the kernel. ++Typical usage (daemon for dynamic device node creation): ++ # uevent mdev & mdev \-s ++.SS umount ++.IX Subsection "umount" ++umount [\-rlfda] [\-t FSTYPE] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY ++.PP ++Unmount filesystems ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& \-a Unmount all filesystems ++\& \-r Remount devices read\-only if mount is busy ++\& \-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) ++\& \-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) ++\& \-d Free loop device if it has been used ++\& \-t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s) ++.Ve ++.SS uname ++.IX Subsection "uname" ++uname [\-amnrspvio] ++.PP ++Print system information ++.PP ++.Vb 9 ++\& \-a Print all ++\& \-m Machine (hardware) type ++\& \-n Hostname ++\& \-r Kernel release ++\& \-s Kernel name (default) ++\& \-p Processor type ++\& \-v Kernel version ++\& \-i Hardware platform ++\& \-o OS name ++.Ve ++.SS unexpand ++.IX Subsection "unexpand" ++unexpand [\-fa][\-t N] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-a Convert all blanks ++\& \-f Convert only leading blanks ++\& \-t N Tabstops every N chars ++.Ve ++.SS uniq ++.IX Subsection "uniq" ++uniq [\-cduiz] [\-f,s,w N] [FILE [OUTFILE]] ++.PP ++Discard duplicate lines ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences ++\& \-d Only print duplicate lines ++\& \-u Only print unique lines ++\& \-i Ignore case ++\& \-z NUL terminated output ++\& \-f N Skip first N fields ++\& \-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) ++\& \-w N Compare N characters in line ++.Ve ++.SS unix2dos ++.IX Subsection "unix2dos" ++unix2dos [\-ud] [FILE] ++.PP ++Convert FILE in\-place from Unix to DOS format. ++When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-u dos2unix ++\& \-d unix2dos ++.Ve ++.SS unlink ++.IX Subsection "unlink" ++unlink FILE ++.PP ++Delete FILE by calling \fBunlink()\fR ++.SS unlzma ++.IX Subsection "unlzma" ++unlzma [\-cfk] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-c Write to stdout ++\& \-f Force ++\& \-k Keep input files ++\& \-t Test integrity ++.Ve ++.SS unshare ++.IX Subsection "unshare" ++unshare [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] ++.PP ++.Vb 12 ++\& \-m,\-\-mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace ++\& \-u,\-\-uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.) ++\& \-i,\-\-ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace ++\& \-n,\-\-net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace ++\& \-p,\-\-pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace ++\& \-U,\-\-user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace ++\& \-f Fork before execing PROG ++\& \-r Map current user to root (implies \-U) ++\& \-\-mount\-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies \-m) ++\& \-\-propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged ++\& Modify mount propagation in mount namespace ++\& \-\-setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces ++.Ve ++.SS unxz ++.IX Subsection "unxz" ++unxz [\-cfk] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& \-c Write to stdout ++\& \-f Force ++\& \-k Keep input files ++\& \-t Test integrity ++.Ve ++.SS unzip ++.IX Subsection "unzip" ++unzip [\-lnojpqK] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [\-x FILE]... [\-d DIR] ++.PP ++Extract FILEs from ZIP archive ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-l List contents (with \-q for short form) ++\& \-n Never overwrite files (default: ask) ++\& \-o Overwrite ++\& \-j Do not restore paths ++\& \-p Write to stdout ++\& \-t Test ++\& \-q Quiet ++\& \-K Do not clear SUID bit ++\& \-x FILE Exclude FILEs ++\& \-d DIR Extract into DIR ++.Ve ++.SS uptime ++.IX Subsection "uptime" ++uptime ++.PP ++Display the time since the last boot ++.SS users ++.IX Subsection "users" ++users ++.PP ++Print the users currently logged on ++.SS usleep ++.IX Subsection "usleep" ++usleep N ++.PP ++Pause for N microseconds ++.SS uudecode ++.IX Subsection "uudecode" ++uudecode [\-o OUTFILE] [INFILE] ++.PP ++Uudecode a file ++Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless \-o is given ++.SS uuencode ++.IX Subsection "uuencode" ++uuencode [\-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME ++.PP ++Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521 ++.Ve ++.SS uuidgen ++.IX Subsection "uuidgen" ++uuidgen ++.PP ++Generate a random UUID ++.SS vconfig ++.IX Subsection "vconfig" ++vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS] ++.PP ++Create and remove virtual ethernet devices ++.PP ++.Vb 6 ++\& add IFACE VLAN_ID ++\& rem VLAN_NAME ++\& set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS ++\& set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++\& set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++\& set_name_type NAME_TYPE ++.Ve ++.SS vi ++.IX Subsection "vi" ++vi [\-c CMD] [\-R] [\-H] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Edit FILE ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT and ~/.exrc also available) ++\& \-R Read\-only ++\& \-H List available features ++.Ve ++.SS vlock ++.IX Subsection "vlock" ++vlock [\-a] ++.PP ++Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock. ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-a Lock all VTs ++.Ve ++.SS vmstat ++.IX Subsection "vmstat" ++vmstat [\-n] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] ++.PP ++Show virtual memory statistics ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-n Show header once ++.Ve ++.SS volname ++.IX Subsection "volname" ++volname [DEVICE] ++.PP ++Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom) ++.SS w ++.IX Subsection "w" ++w ++.PP ++Show who is logged on ++.SS wall ++.IX Subsection "wall" ++wall [FILE] ++.PP ++Write content of FILE or stdin to all logged\-in users ++.SS watch ++.IX Subsection "watch" ++watch [\-n SEC] [\-tx] PROG ARGS ++.PP ++Run PROG periodically ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-n SEC Period (default 2) ++\& \-t Don\*(Aqt print header ++\& \-x exec(PROG,ARGS) instead of sh \-c \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq ++.Ve ++.SS watchdog ++.IX Subsection "watchdog" ++watchdog [\-t N[ms]] [\-T N[ms]] [\-F] DEV ++.PP ++Periodically write to watchdog device DEV ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& \-T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) ++\& \-t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) ++\& \-F Run in foreground ++.Ve ++.PP ++Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds ++.SS wc ++.IX Subsection "wc" ++wc [\-cmlwL] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Count lines, words, and bytes for FILEs (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-c Count bytes ++\& \-m Count characters ++\& \-l Count newlines ++\& \-w Count words ++\& \-L Print longest line length ++.Ve ++.SS wget ++.IX Subsection "wget" ++wget [\-cqS] [\-\-spider] [\-O FILE] [\-o LOGFILE] [\-\-header STR] ++ [\-\-post\-data STR | \-\-post\-file FILE] [\-Y on/off] ++ [\-\-no\-check\-certificate] [\-P DIR] [\-U AGENT] [\-T SEC] URL... ++.PP ++Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP ++.PP ++.Vb 10 ++\& \-\-spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists ++\& \-\-header STR Add STR (of form \*(Aqheader: value\*(Aq) to headers ++\& \-\-post\-data STR Send STR using POST method ++\& \-\-post\-file FILE Send FILE using POST method ++\& \-\-no\-check\-certificate Don\*(Aqt validate the server\*(Aqs certificate ++\& \-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer ++\& \-q Quiet ++\& \-P DIR Save to DIR (default .) ++\& \-S Show server response ++\& \-T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds ++\& \-O FILE Save to FILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdout) ++\& \-o LOGFILE Log messages to FILE ++\& \-U STR Use STR for User\-Agent header ++\& \-Y on/off Use proxy ++.Ve ++.SS which ++.IX Subsection "which" ++which [\-a] COMMAND... ++.PP ++Locate COMMAND ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& \-a Show all matches ++.Ve ++.SS who ++.IX Subsection "who" ++who [\-aH] ++.PP ++Show who is logged on ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-a Show all ++\& \-H Print column headers ++.Ve ++.SS whoami ++.IX Subsection "whoami" ++whoami ++.PP ++Print the user name associated with the current effective user id ++.SS whois ++.IX Subsection "whois" ++whois [\-i] [\-h SERVER] [\-p PORT] NAME... ++.PP ++Query WHOIS info about NAME ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& \-i Show redirect results too ++\& \-h,\-p Server to query ++.Ve ++.SS xargs ++.IX Subsection "xargs" ++xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] ++.PP ++Run PROG on every item given by stdin ++.PP ++.Vb 12 ++\& \-0 NUL terminated input ++\& \-a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++\& \-o Reopen stdin as /dev/tty ++\& \-r Don\*(Aqt run command if input is empty ++\& \-t Print the command on stderr before execution ++\& \-p Ask user whether to run each command ++\& \-E STR,\-e[STR] STR stops input processing ++\& \-I STR Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line ++\& \-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG ++\& \-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes ++\& \-P N Run up to N PROGs in parallel ++\& \-x Exit if size is exceeded ++.Ve ++.SS xxd ++.IX Subsection "xxd" ++xxd [\-ri] [\-ps] [\-g N] [\-c N] [\-l LEN] [\-s OFS] [\-o OFS] [FILE] ++.PP ++Hex dump FILE (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 8 ++\& \-g N Bytes per group (default 2) ++\& \-c N Bytes per line (default:16, \-ps:30, \-i:12) ++\& \-ps Show only hex bytes (no offset/spaces) ++\& \-i C include file style ++\& \-l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++\& \-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes ++\& \-o OFFSET Add OFFSET to displayed offset ++\& \-r Reverse (with \-p, assumes no offsets in input) ++.Ve ++.SS xz ++.IX Subsection "xz" ++xz \-d [\-cfk] [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-d Decompress ++\& \-c Write to stdout ++\& \-f Force ++\& \-k Keep input files ++\& \-t Test integrity ++.Ve ++.SS xzcat ++.IX Subsection "xzcat" ++xzcat [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress to stdout ++.SS yes ++.IX Subsection "yes" ++yes [STRING] ++.PP ++Repeatedly print a line with STRING, or \*(Aqy\*(Aq ++.SS zcat ++.IX Subsection "zcat" ++zcat [FILE]... ++.PP ++Decompress to stdout ++.SS zcip ++.IX Subsection "zcip" ++zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT ++.PP ++Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link\-local address ++.PP ++.Vb 5 ++\& \-f Run in foreground ++\& \-q Quit after obtaining address ++\& \-r 169.254.x.x Request this address first ++\& \-l x.x.0.0 Use this range instead of 169.254 ++\& \-v Verbose ++.Ve ++.PP ++\&\f(CW$LOGGING\fR=none Suppress logging ++\&\f(CW$LOGGING\fR=syslog Log to syslog ++.PP ++With no \-q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, ++exits only on I/O errors (link down etc) ++.SH "LIBC NSS" ++.IX Header "LIBC NSS" ++GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior ++of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads ++system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented ++using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the ++/lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make ++use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions ++that require NSS. ++.PP ++If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions to ++directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without ++using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the need for ++installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries. ++.PP ++When used with glibc, the BusyBox \*(Aqnetworking\*(Aq applets will similarly require ++that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, ++/etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*). ++.PP ++Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In ++addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the ++use of any NSS support files or libraries. ++.SH MAINTAINER ++.IX Header "MAINTAINER" ++Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> ++.SH AUTHORS ++.IX Header "AUTHORS" ++The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or ++not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be ++listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be ++listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is ++incorrect, please send in an update. ++.PP ++Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& run\-parts ++.Ve ++.PP ++Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the ++\& core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. ++\& Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that ++\& nobody is going to actually read. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm ++.Ve ++.PP ++Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& ftpput, ftpget ++.Ve ++.PP ++Edward Betts <edward@debian.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& expr, hostid, logname, whoami ++.Ve ++.PP ++John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& du, nslookup, sort ++.Ve ++.PP ++Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& tiny\-ls(ls) ++.Ve ++.PP ++Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& fbset, ping, hostname ++.Ve ++.PP ++Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, ++\& various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance ++.Ve ++.PP ++Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& ipcalc ++.Ve ++.PP ++Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& tftp client insmod powerpc support ++.Ve ++.PP ++Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& httpd ++.Ve ++.PP ++Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, ++\& logread), various fixes. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& mktemp.c ++.Ve ++.PP ++Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& documentation, bugfixes, test suite ++.Ve ++.PP ++Stephan Linz <linz@li\-pro.net> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence ++.Ve ++.PP ++John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& tr ++.Ve ++.PP ++Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au> ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, ++\& nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. ++\& Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 3 ++\& cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, ++\& mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, ++\& get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines ++\& ++\& also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in ++\& ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, ++\& mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, ++\& interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route ++.Ve ++.PP ++Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru> ++.PP ++.Vb 4 ++\& cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); ++\& ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; ++\& locale, various fixes ++\& and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can ++\& still be found hiding here and there... ++.Ve ++.PP ++Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& bug fixes, member of fan club ++.Ve ++.PP ++Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& wget \- Contributed by permission of Covad Communications ++.Ve ++.PP ++Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& Lots of bugs fixes and patches. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis\-sw.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& Remote logging feature for syslogd ++.Ve ++.PP ++Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix ++.Ve ++.PP ++Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 2 ++\& grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), ++\& style\-guide, new\-applet\-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& gzip, mini\-netcat(nc) ++.Ve ++.PP ++Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance ++.Ve ++.PP ++Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt. ++.Ve ++.PP ++Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes ++.Ve ++.PP ++Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& port: dnsd ++.Ve ++.PP ++Bernhard Reutner\-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& misc ++.Ve ++.PP ++Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc ++.Ve ++.PP ++Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com> ++.PP ++.Vb 1 ++\& fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes) ++.Ve +diff --color -ruN busybox-1.38.0/docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html modified-busybox/docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html +--- busybox-1.38.0/docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 ++++ modified-busybox/docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html 2026-06-04 00:42:45.400846821 +0200 +@@ -0,0 +1,4903 @@ ++<?xml version="1.0" ?> ++<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> ++<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> ++<head> ++<title>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</title> ++<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> ++<link rev="made" href="mailto:" /> ++</head> ++ ++<body> ++ ++ ++ ++<h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1> ++ ++<p>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</p> ++ ++<h1 id="SYNTAX">SYNTAX</h1> ++ ++<pre><code>busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or ++ ++<applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked</code></pre> ++ ++<h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1> ++ ++<p>BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts.</p> ++ ++<p>BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.</p> ++ ++<p>BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.</p> ++ ++<p>After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.</p> ++ ++<h1 id="USAGE">USAGE</h1> ++ ++<p>BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common operations.</p> ++ ++<p>You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering</p> ++ ++<pre><code>/bin/busybox ls</code></pre> ++ ++<p>will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.</p> ++ ++<p>Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.</p> ++ ++<p>For example, entering</p> ++ ++<pre><code>ln -s /bin/busybox ls ++./ls</code></pre> ++ ++<p>will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run the 'make install' command.</p> ++ ++<p>If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.</p> ++ ++<h1 id="COMMON-OPTIONS">COMMON OPTIONS</h1> ++ ++<p>Most BusyBox applets support the <b>--help</b> argument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.</p> ++ ++<h1 id="COMMANDS">COMMANDS</h1> ++ ++<p>Currently available applets include:</p> ++ ++<p><code>[</code>, <code>[[</code>, <a href="#acpid"><code>acpid</code></a>, <a href="#add-shell"><code>add-shell</code></a>, <a href="#addgroup"><code>addgroup</code></a>, <a href="#adduser"><code>adduser</code></a>, <a href="#adjtimex"><code>adjtimex</code></a>, <a href="#arch"><code>arch</code></a>, <a href="#arp"><code>arp</code></a>, <a href="#arping"><code>arping</code></a>, <code>ascii</code>, <a href="#ash"><code>ash</code></a>, <a href="#awk"><code>awk</code></a>, <a href="#base32"><code>base32</code></a>, <a href="#base64"><code>base64</code></a>, <a href="#basename"><code>basename</code></a>, <a href="#bc"><code>bc</code></a>, <a href="#beep"><code>beep</code></a>, <a href="#blkdiscard"><code>blkdiscard</code></a>, <a href="#blkid"><code>blkid</code></a>, <a href="#blockdev"><code>blockdev</code></a>, <a href="#bootchartd"><code>bootchartd</code></a>, <a href="#brctl"><code>brctl</code></a>, <a href="#bunzip2"><code>bunzip2</code></a>, <a href="#bzcat"><code>bzcat</code></a>, <a href="#bzip2"><code>bzip2</code></a>, <a href="#cal"><code>cal</code></a>, <a href="#cat"><code>cat</code></a>, <a href="#chat"><code>chat</code></a>, <a href="#chattr"><code>chattr</code></a>, <a href="#chgrp"><code>chgrp</code></a>, <a href="#chmod"><code>chmod</code></a>, <a href="#chown"><code>chown</code></a>, <a href="#chpasswd"><code>chpasswd</code></a>, <a href="#chpst"><code>chpst</code></a>, <a href="#chroot"><code>chroot</code></a>, <a href="#chrt"><code>chrt</code></a>, <a href="#chvt"><code>chvt</code></a>, <a href="#cksum"><code>cksum</code></a>, <a href="#clear"><code>clear</code></a>, <a href="#cmp"><code>cmp</code></a>, <a href="#comm"><code>comm</code></a>, <a href="#conspy"><code>conspy</code></a>, <a href="#cp"><code>cp</code></a>, <a href="#cpio"><code>cpio</code></a>, <a href="#crc32"><code>crc32</code></a>, <a href="#crond"><code>crond</code></a>, <a href="#crontab"><code>crontab</code></a>, <a href="#cryptpw"><code>cryptpw</code></a>, <a href="#cttyhack"><code>cttyhack</code></a>, <a href="#cut"><code>cut</code></a>, <a href="#date"><code>date</code></a>, <a href="#dc"><code>dc</code></a>, <a href="#dd"><code>dd</code></a>, <a href="#deallocvt"><code>deallocvt</code></a>, <a href="#delgroup"><code>delgroup</code></a>, <a href="#deluser"><code>deluser</code></a>, <a href="#depmod"><code>depmod</code></a>, <a href="#devmem"><code>devmem</code></a>, <a href="#df"><code>df</code></a>, <a href="#dhcprelay"><code>dhcprelay</code></a>, <a href="#diff"><code>diff</code></a>, <a href="#dirname"><code>dirname</code></a>, <a href="#dmesg"><code>dmesg</code></a>, <a href="#dnsd"><code>dnsd</code></a>, <code>dnsdomainname</code>, <a href="#dos2unix"><code>dos2unix</code></a>, <a href="#dpkg"><code>dpkg</code></a>, <a href="#dpkg-deb"><code>dpkg-deb</code></a>, <a href="#du"><code>du</code></a>, <a href="#dumpkmap"><code>dumpkmap</code></a>, <a href="#dumpleases"><code>dumpleases</code></a>, <a href="#echo"><code>echo</code></a>, <a href="#ed"><code>ed</code></a>, <code>egrep</code>, <a href="#eject"><code>eject</code></a>, <a href="#env"><code>env</code></a>, <a href="#envdir"><code>envdir</code></a>, <a href="#envuidgid"><code>envuidgid</code></a>, <a href="#ether-wake"><code>ether-wake</code></a>, <a href="#expand"><code>expand</code></a>, <a href="#expr"><code>expr</code></a>, <a href="#factor"><code>factor</code></a>, <a href="#fakeidentd"><code>fakeidentd</code></a>, <a href="#fallocate"><code>fallocate</code></a>, <code>false</code>, <a href="#fatattr"><code>fatattr</code></a>, <a href="#fbset"><code>fbset</code></a>, <a href="#fbsplash"><code>fbsplash</code></a>, <a href="#fdflush"><code>fdflush</code></a>, <a href="#fdformat"><code>fdformat</code></a>, <a href="#fdisk"><code>fdisk</code></a>, <a href="#fgconsole"><code>fgconsole</code></a>, <code>fgrep</code>, <a href="#find"><code>find</code></a>, <a href="#findfs"><code>findfs</code></a>, <a href="#flock"><code>flock</code></a>, <a href="#fold"><code>fold</code></a>, <a href="#free"><code>free</code></a>, <a href="#freeramdisk"><code>freeramdisk</code></a>, <a href="#fsck"><code>fsck</code></a>, <a href="#fsck.minix"><code>fsck.minix</code></a>, <a href="#fsfreeze"><code>fsfreeze</code></a>, <a href="#fstrim"><code>fstrim</code></a>, <a href="#fsync"><code>fsync</code></a>, <a href="#ftpd"><code>ftpd</code></a>, <a href="#ftpget"><code>ftpget</code></a>, <a href="#ftpput"><code>ftpput</code></a>, <a href="#fuser"><code>fuser</code></a>, <a href="#getfattr"><code>getfattr</code></a>, <a href="#getopt"><code>getopt</code></a>, <a href="#getty"><code>getty</code></a>, <a href="#grep"><code>grep</code></a>, <a href="#groups"><code>groups</code></a>, <a href="#gunzip"><code>gunzip</code></a>, <a href="#gzip"><code>gzip</code></a>, <a href="#halt"><code>halt</code></a>, <a href="#hd"><code>hd</code></a>, <a href="#hdparm"><code>hdparm</code></a>, <a href="#head"><code>head</code></a>, <a href="#hexdump"><code>hexdump</code></a>, <a href="#hexedit"><code>hexedit</code></a>, <a href="#hostid"><code>hostid</code></a>, <a href="#hostname"><code>hostname</code></a>, <a href="#httpd"><code>httpd</code></a>, <a href="#hush"><code>hush</code></a>, <a href="#hwclock"><code>hwclock</code></a>, <a href="#i2cdetect"><code>i2cdetect</code></a>, <a href="#i2cdump"><code>i2cdump</code></a>, <a href="#i2cget"><code>i2cget</code></a>, <a href="#i2cset"><code>i2cset</code></a>, <a href="#i2ctransfer"><code>i2ctransfer</code></a>, <a href="#id"><code>id</code></a>, <a href="#ifconfig"><code>ifconfig</code></a>, <a href="#ifdown"><code>ifdown</code></a>, <a href="#ifenslave"><code>ifenslave</code></a>, <a href="#ifplugd"><code>ifplugd</code></a>, <a href="#ifup"><code>ifup</code></a>, <a href="#inetd"><code>inetd</code></a>, <a href="#init"><code>init</code></a>, <a href="#insmod"><code>insmod</code></a>, <a href="#install"><code>install</code></a>, <a href="#ionice"><code>ionice</code></a>, <a href="#iostat"><code>iostat</code></a>, <a href="#ip"><code>ip</code></a>, <a href="#ipaddr"><code>ipaddr</code></a>, <a href="#ipcalc"><code>ipcalc</code></a>, <a href="#ipcrm"><code>ipcrm</code></a>, <a href="#ipcs"><code>ipcs</code></a>, <a href="#iplink"><code>iplink</code></a>, <a href="#ipneigh"><code>ipneigh</code></a>, <a href="#iproute"><code>iproute</code></a>, <a href="#iprule"><code>iprule</code></a>, <a href="#iptunnel"><code>iptunnel</code></a>, <a href="#kbd_mode"><code>kbd_mode</code></a>, <a href="#kill"><code>kill</code></a>, <a href="#killall"><code>killall</code></a>, <a href="#killall5"><code>killall5</code></a>, <a href="#klogd"><code>klogd</code></a>, <a href="#last"><code>last</code></a>, <a href="#less"><code>less</code></a>, <a href="#link"><code>link</code></a>, <code>linux32</code>, <code>linux64</code>, <code>linuxrc</code>, <a href="#ln"><code>ln</code></a>, <a href="#loadfont"><code>loadfont</code></a>, <a href="#loadkmap"><code>loadkmap</code></a>, <a href="#logger"><code>logger</code></a>, <a href="#login"><code>login</code></a>, <a href="#logname"><code>logname</code></a>, <a href="#logread"><code>logread</code></a>, <a href="#losetup"><code>losetup</code></a>, <a href="#lpd"><code>lpd</code></a>, <a href="#lpq"><code>lpq</code></a>, <a href="#lpr"><code>lpr</code></a>, <a href="#ls"><code>ls</code></a>, <a href="#lsattr"><code>lsattr</code></a>, <a href="#lsblk"><code>lsblk</code></a>, <a href="#lsmod"><code>lsmod</code></a>, <a href="#lsof"><code>lsof</code></a>, <a href="#lspci"><code>lspci</code></a>, <code>lsscsi</code>, <code>lsusb</code>, <a href="#lzcat"><code>lzcat</code></a>, <a href="#lzma"><code>lzma</code></a>, <a href="#lzop"><code>lzop</code></a>, <a href="#makedevs"><code>makedevs</code></a>, <a href="#makemime"><code>makemime</code></a>, <a href="#man"><code>man</code></a>, <a href="#md5sum"><code>md5sum</code></a>, <a href="#mdev"><code>mdev</code></a>, <a href="#mesg"><code>mesg</code></a>, <a href="#microcom"><code>microcom</code></a>, <a href="#mim"><code>mim</code></a>, <a href="#mkdir"><code>mkdir</code></a>, <a href="#mkdosfs"><code>mkdosfs</code></a>, <a href="#mke2fs"><code>mke2fs</code></a>, <a href="#mkfifo"><code>mkfifo</code></a>, <a href="#mkfs.ext2"><code>mkfs.ext2</code></a>, <a href="#mkfs.minix"><code>mkfs.minix</code></a>, <a href="#mkfs.vfat"><code>mkfs.vfat</code></a>, <a href="#mknod"><code>mknod</code></a>, <a href="#mkpasswd"><code>mkpasswd</code></a>, <a href="#mkswap"><code>mkswap</code></a>, <a href="#mktemp"><code>mktemp</code></a>, <a href="#modinfo"><code>modinfo</code></a>, <a href="#modprobe"><code>modprobe</code></a>, <a href="#more"><code>more</code></a>, <a href="#mount"><code>mount</code></a>, <a href="#mountpoint"><code>mountpoint</code></a>, <a href="#mpstat"><code>mpstat</code></a>, <a href="#mt"><code>mt</code></a>, <a href="#mv"><code>mv</code></a>, <a href="#nameif"><code>nameif</code></a>, <a href="#nanddump"><code>nanddump</code></a>, <a href="#nandwrite"><code>nandwrite</code></a>, <a href="#nbd-client"><code>nbd-client</code></a>, <a href="#nc"><code>nc</code></a>, <a href="#netstat"><code>netstat</code></a>, <a href="#nice"><code>nice</code></a>, <a href="#nl"><code>nl</code></a>, <a href="#nmeter"><code>nmeter</code></a>, <a href="#nohup"><code>nohup</code></a>, <a href="#nologin"><code>nologin</code></a>, <a href="#nproc"><code>nproc</code></a>, <a href="#nsenter"><code>nsenter</code></a>, <a href="#nslookup"><code>nslookup</code></a>, <a href="#ntpd"><code>ntpd</code></a>, <a href="#od"><code>od</code></a>, <a href="#openvt"><code>openvt</code></a>, <a href="#partprobe"><code>partprobe</code></a>, <a href="#passwd"><code>passwd</code></a>, <a href="#paste"><code>paste</code></a>, <a href="#patch"><code>patch</code></a>, <a href="#pgrep"><code>pgrep</code></a>, <a href="#pidof"><code>pidof</code></a>, <a href="#ping"><code>ping</code></a>, <a href="#ping6"><code>ping6</code></a>, <code>pipe_progress</code>, <a href="#pivot_root"><code>pivot_root</code></a>, <a href="#pkill"><code>pkill</code></a>, <a href="#pmap"><code>pmap</code></a>, <a href="#popmaildir"><code>popmaildir</code></a>, <a href="#poweroff"><code>poweroff</code></a>, <a href="#powertop"><code>powertop</code></a>, <a href="#printenv"><code>printenv</code></a>, <a href="#printf"><code>printf</code></a>, <a href="#ps"><code>ps</code></a>, <a href="#pscan"><code>pscan</code></a>, <a href="#pstree"><code>pstree</code></a>, <a href="#pwd"><code>pwd</code></a>, <a href="#pwdx"><code>pwdx</code></a>, <a href="#raidautorun"><code>raidautorun</code></a>, <a href="#rdate"><code>rdate</code></a>, <a href="#rdev"><code>rdev</code></a>, <a href="#readahead"><code>readahead</code></a>, <a href="#readlink"><code>readlink</code></a>, <a href="#readprofile"><code>readprofile</code></a>, <a href="#realpath"><code>realpath</code></a>, <a href="#reboot"><code>reboot</code></a>, <a href="#reformime"><code>reformime</code></a>, <a href="#remove-shell"><code>remove-shell</code></a>, <a href="#renice"><code>renice</code></a>, <a href="#reset"><code>reset</code></a>, <a href="#resize"><code>resize</code></a>, <a href="#resume"><code>resume</code></a>, <a href="#rev"><code>rev</code></a>, <a href="#rm"><code>rm</code></a>, <a href="#rmdir"><code>rmdir</code></a>, <a href="#rmmod"><code>rmmod</code></a>, <a href="#route"><code>route</code></a>, <a href="#rpm"><code>rpm</code></a>, <a href="#rpm2cpio"><code>rpm2cpio</code></a>, <a href="#rtcwake"><code>rtcwake</code></a>, <a href="#run-init"><code>run-init</code></a>, <a href="#run-parts"><code>run-parts</code></a>, <a href="#runlevel"><code>runlevel</code></a>, <a href="#runsv"><code>runsv</code></a>, <a href="#runsvdir"><code>runsvdir</code></a>, <a href="#rx"><code>rx</code></a>, <a href="#script"><code>script</code></a>, <a href="#scriptreplay"><code>scriptreplay</code></a>, <a href="#sed"><code>sed</code></a>, <a href="#seedrng"><code>seedrng</code></a>, <a href="#sendmail"><code>sendmail</code></a>, <a href="#seq"><code>seq</code></a>, <a href="#setarch"><code>setarch</code></a>, <a href="#setconsole"><code>setconsole</code></a>, <a href="#setfattr"><code>setfattr</code></a>, <a href="#setfont"><code>setfont</code></a>, <a href="#setkeycodes"><code>setkeycodes</code></a>, <a href="#setlogcons"><code>setlogcons</code></a>, <a href="#setpriv"><code>setpriv</code></a>, <a href="#setserial"><code>setserial</code></a>, <a href="#setsid"><code>setsid</code></a>, <a href="#setuidgid"><code>setuidgid</code></a>, <a href="#sh"><code>sh</code></a>, <a href="#sha1sum"><code>sha1sum</code></a>, <a href="#sha256sum"><code>sha256sum</code></a>, <a href="#sha384sum"><code>sha384sum</code></a>, <a href="#sha3sum"><code>sha3sum</code></a>, <a href="#sha512sum"><code>sha512sum</code></a>, <a href="#showkey"><code>showkey</code></a>, <a href="#shred"><code>shred</code></a>, <a href="#shuf"><code>shuf</code></a>, <a href="#slattach"><code>slattach</code></a>, <a href="#sleep"><code>sleep</code></a>, <a href="#smemcap"><code>smemcap</code></a>, <a href="#softlimit"><code>softlimit</code></a>, <a href="#sort"><code>sort</code></a>, <a href="#split"><code>split</code></a>, <a href="#ssl_client"><code>ssl_client</code></a>, <a href="#ssl_server"><code>ssl_server</code></a>, <a href="#start-stop-daemon"><code>start-stop-daemon</code></a>, <a href="#stat"><code>stat</code></a>, <a href="#strings"><code>strings</code></a>, <a href="#stty"><code>stty</code></a>, <a href="#su"><code>su</code></a>, <a href="#sulogin"><code>sulogin</code></a>, <a href="#sum"><code>sum</code></a>, <a href="#sv"><code>sv</code></a>, <a href="#svc"><code>svc</code></a>, <a href="#svlogd"><code>svlogd</code></a>, <a href="#svok"><code>svok</code></a>, <a href="#swapoff"><code>swapoff</code></a>, <a href="#swapon"><code>swapon</code></a>, <a href="#switch_root"><code>switch_root</code></a>, <a href="#sync"><code>sync</code></a>, <a href="#sysctl"><code>sysctl</code></a>, <a href="#syslogd"><code>syslogd</code></a>, <a href="#tac"><code>tac</code></a>, <a href="#tail"><code>tail</code></a>, <a href="#tar"><code>tar</code></a>, <a href="#taskset"><code>taskset</code></a>, <a href="#tc"><code>tc</code></a>, <a href="#tcpsvd"><code>tcpsvd</code></a>, <a href="#tee"><code>tee</code></a>, <a href="#telnet"><code>telnet</code></a>, <a href="#telnetd"><code>telnetd</code></a>, <code>test</code>, <a href="#tftp"><code>tftp</code></a>, <a href="#tftpd"><code>tftpd</code></a>, <a href="#time"><code>time</code></a>, <a href="#timeout"><code>timeout</code></a>, <a href="#top"><code>top</code></a>, <a href="#touch"><code>touch</code></a>, <a href="#tr"><code>tr</code></a>, <a href="#traceroute"><code>traceroute</code></a>, <a href="#traceroute6"><code>traceroute6</code></a>, <code>tree</code>, <code>true</code>, <a href="#truncate"><code>truncate</code></a>, <a href="#ts"><code>ts</code></a>, <a href="#tsort"><code>tsort</code></a>, <a href="#tty"><code>tty</code></a>, <a href="#ttysize"><code>ttysize</code></a>, <a href="#tunctl"><code>tunctl</code></a>, <a href="#ubiattach"><code>ubiattach</code></a>, <a href="#ubidetach"><code>ubidetach</code></a>, <a href="#ubimkvol"><code>ubimkvol</code></a>, <a href="#ubirename"><code>ubirename</code></a>, <a href="#ubirmvol"><code>ubirmvol</code></a>, <a href="#ubirsvol"><code>ubirsvol</code></a>, <a href="#ubiupdatevol"><code>ubiupdatevol</code></a>, <a href="#udhcpc"><code>udhcpc</code></a>, <a href="#udhcpc6"><code>udhcpc6</code></a>, <a href="#udhcpd"><code>udhcpd</code></a>, <a href="#udpsvd"><code>udpsvd</code></a>, <a href="#uevent"><code>uevent</code></a>, <a href="#umount"><code>umount</code></a>, <a href="#uname"><code>uname</code></a>, <a href="#unexpand"><code>unexpand</code></a>, <a href="#uniq"><code>uniq</code></a>, <a href="#unix2dos"><code>unix2dos</code></a>, <a href="#unlink"><code>unlink</code></a>, <a href="#unlzma"><code>unlzma</code></a>, <a href="#unshare"><code>unshare</code></a>, <a href="#unxz"><code>unxz</code></a>, <a href="#unzip"><code>unzip</code></a>, <a href="#uptime"><code>uptime</code></a>, <a href="#users"><code>users</code></a>, <a href="#usleep"><code>usleep</code></a>, <a href="#uudecode"><code>uudecode</code></a>, <a href="#uuencode"><code>uuencode</code></a>, <a href="#uuidgen"><code>uuidgen</code></a>, <a href="#vconfig"><code>vconfig</code></a>, <a href="#vi"><code>vi</code></a>, <a href="#vlock"><code>vlock</code></a>, <a href="#vmstat"><code>vmstat</code></a>, <a href="#volname"><code>volname</code></a>, <a href="#w"><code>w</code></a>, <a href="#wall"><code>wall</code></a>, <a href="#watch"><code>watch</code></a>, <a href="#watchdog"><code>watchdog</code></a>, <a href="#wc"><code>wc</code></a>, <a href="#wget"><code>wget</code></a>, <a href="#which"><code>which</code></a>, <a href="#who"><code>who</code></a>, <a href="#whoami"><code>whoami</code></a>, <a href="#whois"><code>whois</code></a>, <a href="#xargs"><code>xargs</code></a>, <a href="#xxd"><code>xxd</code></a>, <a href="#xz"><code>xz</code></a>, <a href="#xzcat"><code>xzcat</code></a>, <a href="#yes"><code>yes</code></a>, <a href="#zcat"><code>zcat</code></a>, <a href="#zcip"><code>zcip</code></a></p> ++ ++<h1 id="COMMAND-DESCRIPTIONS">COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS</h1> ++ ++<h2 id="acpid">acpid</h2> ++ ++<p>acpid [-df] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-a ACTIONFILE] [-M MAPFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [-p PIDFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Log to stderr, not log file (implies -f) ++-f Run in foreground ++-c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] ++-e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] ++-l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log] ++-p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid] ++-a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf] ++-M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map]</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v</p> ++ ++<h2 id="add-shell">add-shell</h2> ++ ++<p>add-shell SHELL...</p> ++ ++<p>Add SHELLs to /etc/shells</p> ++ ++<h2 id="addgroup">addgroup</h2> ++ ++<p>addgroup [-g GID] [-S] [USER] GROUP</p> ++ ++<p>Add a group or add a user to a group</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-g GID Group id ++-S Create a system group</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="adduser">adduser</h2> ++ ++<p>adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP]</p> ++ ++<p>Create new user, or add USER to GROUP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h DIR Home directory ++-g GECOS GECOS field ++-s SHELL Login shell ++-G GRP Group ++-S Create a system user ++-D Don't assign a password ++-H Don't create home directory ++-u UID User id ++-k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="adjtimex">adjtimex</h2> ++ ++<p>adjtimex [-q] [-o OFS] [-f FREQ] [-p TCONST] [-t TICK]</p> ++ ++<p>Read or set kernel time variables. See adjtimex(2)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-q Quiet ++-o OFF Time offset, microseconds ++-f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) ++-t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 ++ (positive -t or -f values make clock run faster) ++-p TCONST</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="arch">arch</h2> ++ ++<p>arch</p> ++ ++<p>Print system architecture</p> ++ ++<h2 id="arp">arp</h2> ++ ++<p>arp [-vn] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -a [HOSTNAME] [-v] [-i IF] -d HOSTNAME [pub] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [temp] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask MASK] pub [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask MASK] pub</p> ++ ++<p>Manipulate ARP cache</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Display (all) hosts ++-d Delete ARP entry ++-s Set new entry ++-v Verbose ++-n Don't resolve names ++-i IF Network interface ++-D Read HWADDR from IFACE ++-A,-p AF Protocol family ++-H HWTYPE Hardware address type</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="arping">arping</h2> ++ ++<p>arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP] DST_IP</p> ++ ++<p>Send ARP requests/replies</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Quit on first ARP reply ++-q Quiet ++-b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast ++-D Exit with 1 if DST_IP replies ++-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors ++-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors ++-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests ++-w TIMEOUT Seconds to wait for ARP reply ++-I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++-s SRC_IP Sender IP address ++DST_IP Target IP address</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ash">ash</h2> ++ ++<p>ash [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Unix shell interpreter</p> ++ ++<h2 id="awk">awk</h2> ++ ++<p>awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v VAR=VAL Set variable ++-F SEP Use SEP as field separator ++-f/-E FILE Read program from FILE ++-e AWK_PROGRAM</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="base32">base32</h2> ++ ++<p>base32 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Base32 encode or decode FILE to standard output</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decode data ++-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="base64">base64</h2> ++ ++<p>base64 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decode data ++-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="basename">basename</h2> ++ ++<p>basename FILE [SUFFIX] | -a FILE... | -s SUFFIX FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Strip directory path and SUFFIX from FILE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a All arguments are FILEs ++-s SUFFIX Remove SUFFIX (implies -a)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="bc">bc</h2> ++ ++<p>bc [-sqlw] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Arbitrary precision calculator</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-q Quiet ++-l Load standard library ++-s Be POSIX compatible ++-w Warn if extensions are used</code></pre> ++ ++<p>$BC_LINE_LENGTH changes output width</p> ++ ++<h2 id="beep">beep</h2> ++ ++<p>beep -f FREQ -l LEN -d DELAY -r COUNT -n</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Frequency in Hz ++-l Length in ms ++-d Delay in ms ++-r Repetitions ++-n Start new tone</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="blkdiscard">blkdiscard</h2> ++ ++<p>blkdiscard [-o OFS] [-l LEN] [-s] DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Discard sectors on DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o OFS Byte offset into device ++-l LEN Number of bytes to discard ++-s Perform a secure discard</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="blkid">blkid</h2> ++ ++<p>blkid [BLOCKDEV]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print UUIDs of all filesystems</p> ++ ++<h2 id="blockdev">blockdev</h2> ++ ++<p>blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<pre><code>--setro Set ro ++--setrw Set rw ++--getro Get ro ++--getss Get sector size ++--getbsz Get block size ++--setbsz BYTES Set block size ++--getsz Get device size in 512-byte sectors ++--getsize64 Get device size in bytes ++--getra Get readahead in 512-byte sectors ++--setra SECTORS Set readahead ++--flushbufs Flush buffers ++--rereadpt Reread partition table</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="bootchartd">bootchartd</h2> ++ ++<p>bootchartd start [PROG ARGS]|stop|init</p> ++ ++<p>Create /var/log/bootchart.tgz with boot chart data</p> ++ ++<p>start: start background logging; with PROG, run PROG, then kill logging with USR1 stop: send USR1 to all bootchartd processes init: start background logging; stop when getty/xdm is seen (for init scripts) Under PID 1: as init, then exec $bootchart_init, /init, /sbin/init</p> ++ ++<h2 id="brctl">brctl</h2> ++ ++<p>brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [ARGS]]</p> ++ ++<p>Manage ethernet bridges Commands:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>show [BRIDGE]... Show bridges ++addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE ++delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE ++addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE ++delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE ++showmacs BRIDGE List MAC addresses ++showstp BRIDGE Show STP info ++stp BRIDGE 1/yes/on|0/no/off Set STP on/off ++setageing BRIDGE SECONDS Set ageing time ++setfd BRIDGE SECONDS Set bridge forward delay ++sethello BRIDGE SECONDS Set hello time ++setmaxage BRIDGE SECONDS Set max message age ++setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority ++setportprio BRIDGE IFACE PRIO Set port priority ++setpathcost BRIDGE IFACE COST Set path cost</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="bunzip2">bunzip2</h2> ++ ++<p>bunzip2 [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="bzcat">bzcat</h2> ++ ++<p>bzcat [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="bzip2">bzip2</h2> ++ ++<p>bzip2 [-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-1..9 Compression level ++-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cal">cal</h2> ++ ++<p>cal [-jmy] [[MONTH] YEAR]</p> ++ ++<p>Display a calendar</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-j Use julian dates ++-m Week starts on Monday ++-y Display the entire year</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cat">cat</h2> ++ ++<p>cat [-nbvteA] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print FILEs to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Number output lines ++-b Number nonempty lines ++-v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x ++-t ...and tabs as ^I ++-e ...and end lines with $ ++-A Same as -vte</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chat">chat</h2> ++ ++<p>chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND]]...]</p> ++ ++<p>Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A script consists of "expect-send" argument pairs. Example:</p> ++ ++<p>chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="chattr">chattr</h2> ++ ++<p>chattr [-R] [-v VERSION] [-p PROJID] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Change ext2 file attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -R Recurse ++ -v NUM Set version/generation number ++ -p NUM Set project number ++Modifiers: ++ ++ -,+,= Remove/add/set attributes ++Attributes: ++ ++ A No atime ++ a Append only ++ C No copy-on-write ++ c Compressed ++ D Synchronous dir updates ++ d Don't backup with dump ++ E Encrypted ++ e File uses extents ++ F Case-insensitive dir ++ I Indexed dir ++ i Immutable ++ j Write data to journal first ++ N File is stored in inode ++ P Hierarchical project ID dir ++ S Synchronous file updates ++ s Zero storage when deleted ++ T Top of dir hierarchy ++ t Don't tail-merge with other files ++ u Allow undelete ++ V Verity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chgrp">chgrp</h2> ++ ++<p>chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Change the group membership of FILEs to GROUP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++-L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++-H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++-P Don't traverse symlinks (default) ++-R Recurse ++-c List changed files ++-v Verbose ++-f Hide errors</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chmod">chmod</h2> ++ ++<p>chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>MODE is octal number (bit pattern sstrwxrwxrwx) or [ugoa]{+|-|=}[rwxXst]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-R Recurse ++-c List changed files ++-v Verbose ++-f Hide errors</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chown">chown</h2> ++ ++<p>chown [-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[GRP]] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Change the owner and/or group of FILEs to USER and/or GRP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++-L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++-H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++-P Don't traverse symlinks (default) ++-R Recurse ++-c List changed files ++-v Verbose ++-f Hide errors</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chpasswd">chpasswd</h2> ++ ++<p>chpasswd [-me] [-c ALG] [-R DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-e Supplied passwords are in encrypted form ++-m Encrypt using md5, not des ++-c ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++-R DIR Directory to chroot into</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chpst">chpst</h2> ++ ++<p>chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] [-/ DIR] [-n NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Change the process state, run PROG</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid ++-U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment ++-e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files ++ in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file ++-/ DIR Chroot to DIR ++-n NICE Add NICE to nice value ++-m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES ++-d BYTES Limit data segment ++-o N Limit number of open files per process ++-p N Limit number of processes per uid ++-f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++-c BYTES Limit core file size ++-v Verbose ++-P Create new process group ++-0 Close stdin ++-1 Close stdout ++-2 Close stderr</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chroot">chroot</h2> ++ ++<p>chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT</p> ++ ++<h2 id="chrt">chrt</h2> ++ ++<p>chrt -m | [-rfobi] { -p [PRIO] PID | PRIO PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<p>Change scheduling priority and class (default RR) for a process</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m Show min/max priorities ++-p Operate on PID ++-r Set SCHED_RR class ++-f Set SCHED_FIFO class ++-o Set SCHED_OTHER class ++-b Set SCHED_BATCH class ++-i Set SCHED_IDLE class</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="chvt">chvt</h2> ++ ++<p>chvt N</p> ++ ++<p>Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN</p> ++ ++<h2 id="cksum">cksum</h2> ++ ++<p>cksum FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="clear">clear</h2> ++ ++<p>clear</p> ++ ++<p>Clear screen</p> ++ ++<h2 id="cmp">cmp</h2> ++ ++<p>cmp [-l|s] [-n NUM] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]</p> ++ ++<p>Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l Show decimal offset and octal byte value for differing bytes, ++ don't stop on first mismatch ++-s Quiet ++-n NUM Compare at most NUM bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="comm">comm</h2> ++ ++<p>comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2</p> ++ ++<p>Compare FILE1 with FILE2</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 ++-2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 ++-3 Suppress lines common to both files</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="conspy">conspy</h2> ++ ++<p>conspy [-vcsndfFQ] [-x COL] [-y LINE] [CONSOLE_NO]</p> ++ ++<p>A text-mode VNC like program for Linux virtual consoles. To exit, quickly press ESC 3 times.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Don't send keystrokes to the console ++-c Create missing /dev/{tty,vcsa}N ++-s Open a SHELL session ++-n Black & white ++-d Dump console to stdout ++-f Follow cursor ++-F Assume console is on a framebuffer device ++-Q Disable exit on ESC-ESC-ESC ++-x COL Starting column ++-y LINE Starting line</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cp">cp</h2> ++ ++<p>cp [-arPLHpfinlsTu] SOURCE DEST or: cp [-arPLHpfinlsu] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY }</p> ++ ++<p>Copy SOURCEs to DEST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Same as -dpR ++-R,-r Recurse ++-d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R) ++-L Follow all symlinks ++-H Follow symlinks on command line ++-p Preserve file attributes if possible ++-f Overwrite ++-i Prompt before overwrite ++-n Don't overwrite ++-l,-s Create (sym)links ++-T Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory ++-t DIR Copy all SOURCEs into DIR ++-u Copy only newer files</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cpio">cpio</h2> ++ ++<p>cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-R USER[:GRP]] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR] [EXTR_FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Extract (-i) or list (-t) files from a cpio archive on stdin, or take file list from stdin and create an archive (-o) or copy files (-p)</p> ++ ++<p>Main operation mode:</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -t List ++ -i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all) ++ -o Create (requires -H newc) ++ -p DIR Copy files to DIR ++Options: ++ ++ -H newc Archive format ++ -d Make leading directories ++ -m Restore mtime ++ -v Verbose ++ -u Overwrite ++ -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file ++ -R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files ++ -L Dereference symlinks ++ -0 NUL terminated input ++ --ignore-devno ++ --renumber-inodes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="crc32">crc32</h2> ++ ++<p>crc32 FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="crond">crond</h2> ++ ++<p>crond [-fbS] [-l N] [-d N] [-L LOGFILE] [-c DIR]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Foreground ++-b Background (default) ++-S Log to syslog (default) ++-l N Set log level. Most verbose 0, default 8 ++-d N Set log level, log to stderr ++-L FILE Log to FILE ++-c DIR Cron dir. Default:/var/spool/cron/crontabs</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="crontab">crontab</h2> ++ ++<p>crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Crontab directory ++-u User ++-l List crontab ++-e Edit crontab ++-r Delete crontab ++FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cryptpw">cryptpw</h2> ++ ++<p>cryptpw [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT]</p> ++ ++<p>Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P N Read password from fd N ++-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++-S SALT</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cttyhack">cttyhack</h2> ++ ++<p>cttyhack [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. Example for /etc/inittab (for busybox init): ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh Giving controlling tty to shell running with PID 1: $ exec cttyhack sh Starting interactive shell from boot shell script:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>setsid cttyhack sh</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="cut">cut</h2> ++ ++<p>cut {-b|c LIST | -f|F LIST [-d SEP] [-s]} [-D] [-O SEP] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print selected fields from FILEs to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST ++-c LIST Output only characters from LIST ++-d SEP Input field delimiter (default -f TAB, -F run of whitespace) ++-f LIST Print only these fields (-d is single char) ++-F LIST Print only these fields (-d is regex) ++-s Drop lines with no delimiter (else print them in full) ++-D Don't sort ranges; line without delimiters has one field ++--output-delimiter SEP Output field delimeter ++-n Ignored</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="date">date</h2> ++ ++<p>date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [[-s] TIME]</p> ++ ++<p>Display time (using +FMT), or set time</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) ++[-s] TIME Set time to TIME ++-d TIME Display TIME, not 'now' ++-D FMT FMT (strptime format) for -s/-d TIME conversion ++-r FILE Display last modification time of FILE ++-R Output RFC-2822 date ++-I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 date ++ SPEC=date (default), hours, minutes, seconds or ns</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Recognized TIME formats:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>@seconds_since_1970 ++hh:mm[:ss] ++[YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] ++YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] ++[[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss] ++'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dc">dc</h2> ++ ++<p>dc [-x] [-eSCRIPT]... [-fFILE]... [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: Arithmetic: + - * / % ^ ~ - divide with remainder | - modular exponentiation v - square root p - print top of the stack without popping f - print entire stack k - pop the value and set precision i - pop the value and set input radix o - pop the value and set output radix Examples: dc -e'2 2 + p' -> 4, dc -e'8 8 * 2 2 + / p' -> 16</p> ++ ++<h2 id="dd">dd</h2> ++ ++<p>dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] [iflag=skip_bytes|count_bytes|fullblock|direct] [oflag=seek_bytes|append|direct]</p> ++ ++<p>Copy a file with converting and formatting</p> ++ ++<pre><code>if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout ++bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time ++ibs=N Read N bytes at a time ++obs=N Write N bytes at a time ++count=N Copy only N input blocks ++skip=N Skip N input blocks ++seek=N Skip N output blocks ++conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file ++conv=noerror Continue after read errors ++conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros ++conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing ++conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes ++iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes ++iflag=count_bytes count=N is in bytes ++oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes ++iflag=direct O_DIRECT input ++oflag=direct O_DIRECT output ++iflag=fullblock Read full blocks ++oflag=append Open output in append mode ++status=noxfer Suppress rate output ++status=none Suppress all output</code></pre> ++ ++<p>N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M, GB, G</p> ++ ++<h2 id="deallocvt">deallocvt</h2> ++ ++<p>deallocvt [N]</p> ++ ++<p>Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN</p> ++ ++<h2 id="delgroup">delgroup</h2> ++ ++<p>delgroup [USER] GROUP</p> ++ ++<p>Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP</p> ++ ++<h2 id="deluser">deluser</h2> ++ ++<p>deluser [--remove-home] USER</p> ++ ++<p>Delete USER from the system</p> ++ ++<h2 id="depmod">depmod</h2> ++ ++<p>depmod [-n]</p> ++ ++<p>Generate modules.dep.bb</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Dry run: print file to stdout</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="devmem">devmem</h2> ++ ++<p>devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]</p> ++ ++<p>Read/write from physical address</p> ++ ++<pre><code>ADDRESS Address to act upon ++WIDTH Width (8/16/...) ++VALUE Data to be written</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="df">df</h2> ++ ++<p>df [-PkmhTai] [-B SIZE] [-t TYPE] [FILESYSTEM]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print filesystem usage statistics</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P POSIX output format ++-k 1024-byte blocks (default) ++-m 1M-byte blocks ++-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) ++-T Print filesystem type ++-t TYPE Print only mounts of this type ++-a Show all filesystems ++-i Inodes ++-B SIZE Blocksize</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dhcprelay">dhcprelay</h2> ++ ++<p>dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2]... SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP]</p> ++ ++<p>Relay DHCP requests between clients and server. Without SERVER_IP, requests are broadcast on SERVER_IFACE.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="diff">diff</h2> ++ ++<p>diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2</p> ++ ++<p>Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. This implementation supports unified diffs only.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Treat all files as text ++-b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace ++-B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank ++-d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes ++-i Ignore case differences ++-L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header ++-N Treat absent files as empty ++-q Output only whether files differ ++-r Recurse ++-S Start with FILE when comparing directories ++-T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary ++-s Report when two files are the same ++-t Expand tabs to spaces in output ++-U Output LINES lines of context ++-w Ignore all whitespace</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dirname">dirname</h2> ++ ++<p>dirname FILENAME</p> ++ ++<p>Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME</p> ++ ++<h2 id="dmesg">dmesg</h2> ++ ++<p>dmesg [-cr] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]</p> ++ ++<p>Print or control the kernel ring buffer</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Clear ring buffer after printing ++-n LEVEL Set console logging level ++-s SIZE Buffer size ++-r Print raw message buffer</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dnsd">dnsd</h2> ++ ++<p>dnsd [-dvs] [-c CONFFILE] [-t TTL_SEC] [-p PORT] [-i ADDR]</p> ++ ++<p>Small static DNS server daemon</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c FILE Config file ++-t SEC TTL ++-p PORT Listen on PORT ++-i ADDR Listen on ADDR ++-d Daemonize ++-v Verbose ++-s Send successful replies only. Use this if you want ++ to use /etc/resolv.conf with two nameserver lines: ++ nameserver DNSD_SERVER ++ nameserver NORMAL_DNS_SERVER</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dos2unix">dos2unix</h2> ++ ++<p>dos2unix [-ud] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u dos2unix ++-d unix2dos</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dpkg">dpkg</h2> ++ ++<p>dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F OPT] PACKAGE</p> ++ ++<p>Install, remove and manage Debian packages</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i,--install Install the package ++-l,--list List of installed packages ++--configure Configure an unpackaged package ++-P,--purge Purge all files of a package ++-r,--remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package ++--unpack Unpack a package, but don't configure it ++--force-depends Ignore dependency problems ++--force-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing ++--force-confold Keep old config files when installing</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dpkg-deb">dpkg-deb</h2> ++ ++<p>dpkg-deb [-cefxX] FILE [DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>Perform actions on Debian packages (.deb)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c List files ++-f Print control fields ++-e Extract control files to DIR (default: ./DEBIAN) ++-x Extract files to DIR (no default) ++-X Verbose extract</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="du">du</h2> ++ ++<p>du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Summarize disk space used for FILEs (or directories)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Show file sizes too ++-b Apparent size (including holes) ++-L Follow all symlinks ++-H Follow symlinks on command line ++-d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N ++-c Show grand total ++-l Count sizes many times if hard linked ++-s Display only a total for each argument ++-x Skip directories on different filesystems ++-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G) ++-m Sizes in megabytes ++-k Sizes in kilobytes (default)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="dumpkmap">dumpkmap</h2> ++ ++<p>dumpkmap > keymap</p> ++ ++<p>Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="dumpleases">dumpleases</h2> ++ ++<p>dumpleases [-r|-a] [-d] [-f LEASEFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f FILE Lease file ++-r Show remaining time ++-a Show expiration time ++-d Show time in seconds</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="echo">echo</h2> ++ ++<p>echo [-neE] [ARG]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print ARGs to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n No trailing newline ++-e Interpret backslash escapes (\t=tab etc) ++-E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ed">ed</h2> ++ ++<p>ed [-p PROMPT] [-s] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="eject">eject</h2> ++ ++<p>eject [-s] [-t] [-T] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Eject DEVICE or default /dev/cdrom</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s SCSI device ++-t Close tray ++-T Open/close tray (toggle)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="env">env</h2> ++ ++<p>env [-i0] [-u NAME]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Print current environment or run PROG after setting up environment</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-, -i Start with empty environment ++-0 NUL terminated output ++-u NAME Remove variable from environment</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="envdir">envdir</h2> ++ ++<p>envdir DIR PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Set various environment variables as specified by files in the directory DIR, run PROG</p> ++ ++<h2 id="envuidgid">envuidgid</h2> ++ ++<p>envuidgid USER PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Set $UID to USER's uid and $GID to USER's gid, run PROG</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ether-wake">ether-wake</h2> ++ ++<p>ether-wake [-b] [-i IFACE] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]/a.b.c.d] MAC</p> ++ ++<p>Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known 'ethers' entry.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b Broadcast the packet ++-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++-p PASSWORD Append four or six byte PASSWORD to the packet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="expand">expand</h2> ++ ++<p>expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Don't convert tabs after non blanks ++-t Tabstops every N chars</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="expr">expr</h2> ++ ++<p>expr EXPRESSION</p> ++ ++<p>Print the value of EXPRESSION</p> ++ ++<p>EXPRESSION may be:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ++ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ++ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ++ARG1 <= ARG2 ++ARG1 = ARG2 ++ARG1 != ARG2 ++ARG1 >= ARG2 ++ARG1 > ARG2 ++ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: ++ARG1 - ARG2 ++ARG1 * ARG2 ++ARG1 / ARG2 ++ARG1 % ARG2 ++STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING ++match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP ++substr STRING POS LEN Substring of STRING, POS counts from 1 ++index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 ++length STRING Length of STRING ++quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if ++ it is a keyword like 'match' or an ++ operator like '/' ++(EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="factor">factor</h2> ++ ++<p>factor [NUMBER]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print prime factors</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fakeidentd">fakeidentd</h2> ++ ++<p>fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING]</p> ++ ++<p>Provide fake ident (auth) service</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Run in foreground ++-i Inetd mode ++-w Inetd 'wait' mode ++-b ADDR Bind to specified address ++STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fallocate">fallocate</h2> ++ ++<p>fallocate [-o OFS] -l LEN FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Preallocate space for FILE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o OFS Offset of range ++-l LEN Length of range</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fatattr">fatattr</h2> ++ ++<p>fatattr [-+rhsvda] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Change file attributes on FAT filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>- Clear attributes +++ Set attributes ++r Read only ++h Hidden ++s System ++v Volume label ++d Directory ++a Archive</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fbset">fbset</h2> ++ ++<p>fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE]</p> ++ ++<p>Show and modify frame buffer settings</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fbsplash">fbsplash</h2> ++ ++<p>fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Image ++-c Hide cursor ++-d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) ++-i Config file (var=value): ++ BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT ++ BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B,IMG_LEFT,IMG_TOP ++-f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) ++ commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fdflush">fdflush</h2> ++ ++<p>fdflush DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fdformat">fdformat</h2> ++ ++<p>fdformat [-n] DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Format floppy disk</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Don't verify after format</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fdisk">fdisk</h2> ++ ++<p>fdisk [-uls] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] [-t PARTTYPE] DISK</p> ++ ++<p>Change partition table</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) ++-l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit ++-s Show sizes in kb for each DISK, then exit ++-b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors ++-T PARTTYPE Force 'dos' partition if 'gpt' also present ++-C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors ++-H HEADS Typically 255 ++-S SECTORS Typically 63</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fgconsole">fgconsole</h2> ++ ++<p>fgconsole</p> ++ ++<p>Get active console</p> ++ ++<h2 id="find">find</h2> ++ ++<p>find [-HL] [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Search for files and perform actions on them. First failed action stops processing of current file. Defaults: PATH is current directory, action is '-print'</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-L,-follow Follow symlinks ++-H ...on command line only ++-xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems ++-maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies ++ actions to command line arguments only ++-mindepth N Don't act on first N levels ++-depth Act on directory *after* traversing it</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Actions:</p> ++ ++<pre><code> ( ACTIONS ) Group actions for -o / -a ++ ! ACT Invert ACT's success/failure ++ ACT1 [-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2 ++ ACT1 -o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2 ++ Note: -a has higher priority than -o ++ -name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN ++ -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name ++ -path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN ++ -ipath PATTERN Case insensitive -path ++ -regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN ++ -type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p) ++ -executable File is executable ++ -perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (-MASK), ++ or exactly MASK bits are set in file's mode ++ -mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N days in the past ++ -atime DAYS atime +N/-N/N days in the past ++ -ctime DAYS ctime +N/-N/N days in the past ++ -mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N minutes in the past ++ -amin MINS atime +N/-N/N minutes in the past ++ -cmin MINS ctime +N/-N/N minutes in the past ++ -newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE's ++ -inum N File has inode number N ++ -samefile FILE File is same as FILE ++ -user NAME/ID File is owned by given user ++ -group NAME/ID File is owned by given group ++ -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)) ++ +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N ++ -links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N ++ -empty Match empty file/directory ++ -prune If current file is directory, don't descend into it ++If none of the following actions is specified, -print is assumed ++ -print Print file name ++ -print0 Print file name, NUL terminated ++ -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by ++ file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero ++ -exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names ++ -ok CMD ARG ; Prompt and run CMD with {} replaced ++ -delete Delete current file/directory. Turns on -depth option ++ -quit Exit</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="findfs">findfs</h2> ++ ++<p>findfs LABEL=label | UUID=uuid</p> ++ ++<p>Find filesystem device based on label or UUID</p> ++ ++<h2 id="flock">flock</h2> ++ ++<p>flock [-sxun] FD | { FILE [-c] PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<p>[Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Shared lock ++-x Exclusive lock (default) ++-u Unlock FD ++-n Fail rather than wait</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fold">fold</h2> ++ ++<p>fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Wrap input lines in FILEs (or stdin), writing to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b Count bytes rather than columns ++-s Break at spaces ++-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="free">free</h2> ++ ++<p>free [-bkmgh]</p> ++ ++<p>Display free and used memory</p> ++ ++<h2 id="freeramdisk">freeramdisk</h2> ++ ++<p>freeramdisk DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fsck">fsck</h2> ++ ++<p>fsck [-ANPRTV] [-t FSTYPE] [FS_OPTS] [BLOCKDEV]...</p> ++ ++<p>Check and repair filesystems</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems ++-N Don't execute, just show what would be done ++-P With -A, check filesystems in parallel ++-R With -A, skip the root filesystem ++-T Don't show title on startup ++-V Verbose ++-t TYPE List of filesystem types to check</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fsck.minix">fsck.minix</h2> ++ ++<p>fsck.minix [-larvsmf] BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<p>Check MINIX filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all filenames ++-r Perform interactive repairs ++-a Perform automatic repairs ++-v Verbose ++-s Output superblock information ++-m Show "mode not cleared" warnings ++-f Force file system check</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fsfreeze">fsfreeze</h2> ++ ++<p>fsfreeze --[un]freeze MOUNTPOINT</p> ++ ++<p>Flush and halt writes to MOUNTPOINT</p> ++ ++<h2 id="fstrim">fstrim</h2> ++ ++<p>fstrim [OPTIONS] MOUNTPOINT</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o OFFSET Offset in bytes to discard from ++-l LEN Bytes to discard ++-m MIN Minimum extent length ++-v Print number of discarded bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fsync">fsync</h2> ++ ++<p>fsync [-d] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Avoid syncing metadata</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ftpd">ftpd</h2> ++ ++<p>ftpd [-wvS] [-a USER] [-t SEC] [-T SEC] [DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>FTP server. Chroots to DIR, if this fails (run by non-root), cds to it. It is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve Can be run from tcpsvd:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve ++ ++-w Allow upload ++-A No login required, client access occurs under ftpd's UID ++-a USER Enable 'anonymous' login and map it to USER ++-v Log errors to stderr. -vv: verbose log ++-S Log errors to syslog. -SS: verbose log ++-t,-T N Idle and absolute timeout</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ftpget">ftpget</h2> ++ ++<p>ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Download a file via FTP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Continue previous transfer ++-v Verbose ++-u USER Username ++-p PASS Password ++-P PORT</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ftpput">ftpput</h2> ++ ++<p>ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Upload a file to a FTP server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-u USER Username ++-p PASS Password ++-P PORT</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="fuser">fuser</h2> ++ ++<p>fuser [-msk46] [-SIGNAL] FILE or PORT/PROTO</p> ++ ++<p>Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs ++-4,-6 Search only IPv4/IPv6 space ++-s Don't display PIDs ++-k Kill found processes ++-SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="getfattr">getfattr</h2> ++ ++<p>getfattr [-h] {-d|-n ATTR} FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Get extended attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Do not follow symlinks ++-d Dump all attributes ++-n ATTR Get attribute ATTR</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="getopt">getopt</h2> ++ ++<p>getopt [OPTIONS] [--] OPTSTRING PARAMS</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Allow long options starting with single - ++-l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize ++-n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported ++-o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize ++-q No error messages on unrecognized options ++-Q No normal output ++-s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions ++-T Version test (exits with 4) ++-u Don't quote output</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Example:</p> ++ ++<p>O=`getopt -l bb: -- ab:c:: "$@"` || exit 1 eval set -- "$O" while true; do case "$1" in -a) echo A; shift;; -b|--bb) echo "B:'$2'"; shift 2;; -c) case "$2" in "") echo C; shift 2;; *) echo "C:'$2'"; shift 2;; esac;; --) shift; break;; *) echo Error; exit 1;; esac done</p> ++ ++<h2 id="getty">getty</h2> ++ ++<p>getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... TTY [TERMTYPE]</p> ++ ++<p>Open TTY, prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control ++-L Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state) ++-m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message ++-n Don't prompt for login name ++-w Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue ++-i Don't display /etc/issue ++-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue ++-l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login ++-t SEC Terminate after SEC if no login name is read ++-I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else ++-H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname</code></pre> ++ ++<p>BAUD_RATE of 0 leaves it unchanged</p> ++ ++<h2 id="grep">grep</h2> ++ ++<p>grep [-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [-m N] [-A|B|C N] { PATTERN | -e PATTERN... | -f FILE... } [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-H Add 'filename:' prefix ++-h Do not add 'filename:' prefix ++-n Add 'line_no:' prefix ++-l Show only names of files that match ++-L Show only names of files that don't match ++-c Show only count of matching lines ++-o Show only the matching part of line ++-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise ++-v Select non-matching lines ++-s Suppress open and read errors ++-r Recurse ++-R Recurse and dereference symlinks ++-i Ignore case ++-w Match whole words only ++-x Match whole lines only ++-F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp) ++-E PATTERN is an extended regexp ++-m N Match up to N times per file ++-A N Print N lines of trailing context ++-B N Print N lines of leading context ++-C N Same as '-A N -B N' ++-e PTRN Pattern to match ++-f FILE Read pattern from file</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="groups">groups</h2> ++ ++<p>groups [USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Print the groups USER is in</p> ++ ++<h2 id="gunzip">gunzip</h2> ++ ++<p>gunzip [-cfkt] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="gzip">gzip</h2> ++ ++<p>gzip [-cfkdt] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Compress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="halt">halt</h2> ++ ++<p>halt [-d DELAY] [-nfw]</p> ++ ++<p>Halt the system</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d SEC Delay interval ++-n Do not sync ++-f Force (don't go through init) ++-w Only write a wtmp record</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="hd">hd</h2> ++ ++<p>hd FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>hd is an alias for hexdump -C</p> ++ ++<h2 id="hdparm">hdparm</h2> ++ ++<p>hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Get/set fs readahead ++-A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1) ++-b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) ++-B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) ++-c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting ++-C Check IDE power mode status ++-d Get/set using_dma flag ++-D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt ++-f Flush buffer cache for device on exit ++-g Display drive geometry ++-h Display terse usage information ++-i Display drive identification ++-I Detailed/current information directly from drive ++-k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) ++-K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) ++-L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) ++-m Get/set multiple sector count ++-n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) ++-p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) ++-P Set drive prefetch count ++-Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported) ++-r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) ++-R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++-S Set standby (spindown) timeout ++-t Perform device read timings ++-T Perform cache read timings ++-u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) ++-U Unregister an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++-v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives ++-V Display program version and exit immediately ++-w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) ++-W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++-x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++-X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) ++-y Put IDE drive in standby mode ++-Y Put IDE drive to sleep ++-Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode ++-z Reread partition table</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="head">head</h2> ++ ++<p>head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print first 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin). With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n N[bkm] Print first N lines ++-n -N[bkm] Print all except N last lines ++-c [-]N[bkm] Print first N bytes ++ (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++-q Never print headers ++-v Always print headers</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="hexdump">hexdump</h2> ++ ++<p>hexdump [-bcdoxCv] [-e FMT] [-f FMT_FILE] [-n LEN] [-s OFS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b 1-byte octal display ++-c 1-byte character display ++-d 2-byte decimal display ++-o 2-byte octal display ++-x 2-byte hex display ++-C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line ++-v Show all (no dup folding) ++-e FORMAT_STR Example: '16/1 "%02x|""\n"' ++-f FORMAT_FILE ++-n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="hexedit">hexedit</h2> ++ ++<p>hexedit FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Edit FILE in hexadecimal</p> ++ ++<h2 id="hostid">hostid</h2> ++ ++<p>hostid</p> ++ ++<p>Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine</p> ++ ++<h2 id="hostname">hostname</h2> ++ ++<p>hostname [-sidf] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Show or set hostname or DNS domain name</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Short ++-i Addresses for the hostname ++-d DNS domain name ++-f Fully qualified domain name ++-F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="httpd">httpd</h2> ++ ++<p>httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-M MAXCONN] [-K KILLSEC] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING</p> ++ ++<p>Listen for incoming HTTP requests</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Inetd mode ++-f Run in foreground ++-v[v] Verbose ++-p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80) ++-M NUM Pause if NUM connections are open (default 256) ++-K NUM Kill CGIs after NUM seconds ++-u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port ++-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication ++-h HOME Home directory (default .) ++-c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf) ++-m STRING MD5 crypt STRING ++-e STRING HTML encode STRING ++-d STRING URL decode STRING</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="hush">hush</h2> ++ ++<p>hush [-enxl] [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Unix shell interpreter</p> ++ ++<h2 id="hwclock">hwclock</h2> ++ ++<p>hwclock [-ul] [-f DEV] [-s|-w|--systz|--param-get PARAM|--param-set PARAM=VAL]</p> ++ ++<p>Show or set hardware clock (RTC)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f DEV Use this device (e.g. /dev/rtc2) ++-u Assume RTC is kept in UTC ++-l Assume RTC is kept in local time ++ (if neither is given, read from /etc/adjtime) ++-s Set system time from RTC ++-w Set RTC from system time ++--systz Set in-kernel timezone, correct system time ++ if RTC is kept in local time ++--param-get PARAM Get RTC parameter ++--param-set PARAM=VAL Set RTC parameter</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2cdetect">i2cdetect</h2> ++ ++<p>i2cdetect -l | -F I2CBUS | [-ya] [-q|-r] I2CBUS [FIRST LAST]</p> ++ ++<p>Detect I2C chips</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List installed buses ++-F BUS# List functionalities on this bus ++-y Disable interactive mode ++-a Force scanning of non-regular addresses ++-q Use smbus quick write commands for probing (default) ++-r Use smbus read byte commands for probing ++FIRST and LAST limit probing range</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2cdump">i2cdump</h2> ++ ++<p>i2cdump [-fy] [-r FIRST-LAST] BUS ADDR [MODE]</p> ++ ++<p>Examine I2C registers</p> ++ ++<pre><code> I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++MODE is: ++ ++ b Byte (default) ++ w Word ++ W Word on even register addresses ++ i I2C block ++ s SMBus block ++ c Consecutive byte ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -r Limit the number of registers being accessed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2cget">i2cget</h2> ++ ++<p>i2cget [-fy] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS [DATA-ADDRESS [MODE]]</p> ++ ++<p>Read from I2C/SMBus chip registers</p> ++ ++<pre><code> I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++MODE is: ++ ++ b Read byte data (default) ++ w Read word data ++ c Write byte/read byte ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2cset">i2cset</h2> ++ ++<p>i2cset [-fy] [-m MASK] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS DATA-ADDRESS [VALUE] ... [MODE]</p> ++ ++<p>Set I2C registers</p> ++ ++<pre><code> I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++MODE is: ++ ++ c Byte, no value ++ b Byte data (default) ++ w Word data ++ i I2C block data ++ s SMBus block data ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -r Read back and compare the result ++ -m MASK Mask specifying which bits to write</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="i2ctransfer">i2ctransfer</h2> ++ ++<p>i2ctransfer [-fay] I2CBUS { rLENGTH[@ADDR] | wLENGTH[@ADDR] DATA...}...</p> ++ ++<p>Read/write I2C data in one transfer</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Force access to busy addresses ++-a Force access to non-regular addresses ++-y Disable interactive mode</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="id">id</h2> ++ ++<p>id [-ugGnr] [USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Print information about USER or the current user</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u User ID ++-g Group ID ++-G Supplementary group IDs ++-n Print names instead of numbers ++-r Print real ID instead of effective ID</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifconfig">ifconfig</h2> ++ ++<p>ifconfig [-a] [IFACE] [ADDRESS]</p> ++ ++<p>Configure a network interface</p> ++ ++<pre><code>[add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++[del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++[[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] ++[netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] ++[outfill NN] [keepalive NN] ++[hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] ++[[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] ++[multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic] ++[mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] ++[up|down] ...</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifdown">ifdown</h2> ++ ++<p>ifdown [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Deconfigure all interfaces ++-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++-n Dry run ++ (note: doesn't disable mappings) ++-m Don't run any mappings ++-v Print out what would happen before doing it ++-f Force</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifenslave">ifenslave</h2> ++ ++<p>ifenslave [-cdf] MASTER_IFACE SLAVE_IFACE...</p> ++ ++<p>Configure network interfaces for parallel routing</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Change active slave ++-d Remove slave interface from bonding device ++-f Force, even if interface is not Ethernet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifplugd">ifplugd</h2> ++ ++<p>ifplugd [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Network interface plug detection daemon</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Run in foreground ++-s Don't log to syslog ++-i IFACE Interface ++-f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up ++ (otherwise exit on error) ++-a Don't up interface at each link probe ++-M Monitor creation/destruction of interface ++ (otherwise it must exist) ++-A Don't up newly appeared interface ++-r PROG Script to run ++-x ARG Extra argument for script ++-I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script ++-p Don't run "up" script on startup ++-q Don't run "down" script on exit ++-l Always run script on startup ++-t SECS Poll time in seconds ++-u SECS Delay before running script after link up ++-d SECS Delay after link down ++-m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto) ++-k Kill running daemon</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ifup">ifup</h2> ++ ++<p>ifup [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Configure all interfaces ++-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++-n Dry run ++ (note: doesn't disable mappings) ++-m Don't run any mappings ++-v Print out what would happen before doing it ++-f Force</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="inetd">inetd</h2> ++ ++<p>inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Listen for network connections and launch programs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Run in foreground ++-e Log to stderr ++-q N Socket listen queue (default 128) ++-R N Pause services after N connects/min ++ (default 0 - disabled) ++Default CONFFILE is /etc/inetd.conf</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="init">init</h2> ++ ++<p>init</p> ++ ++<p>Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits. It (re)spawns children according to /etc/inittab. Signals:</p> ++ ++<p>HUP: reload /etc/inittab TSTP: stop respawning until CONT QUIT: re-exec another init USR1/TERM/USR2/INT: run halt/reboot/poweroff/Ctrl-Alt-Del script</p> ++ ++<h2 id="insmod">insmod</h2> ++ ++<p>insmod FILE [SYMBOL=VALUE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Load kernel module</p> ++ ++<h2 id="install">install</h2> ++ ++<p>install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [-t DIR] [SOURCE]... DEST</p> ++ ++<p>Copy files and set attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Just copy (default) ++-d Create directories ++-D Create leading target directories ++-s Strip symbol table ++-p Preserve date ++-o USER Set ownership ++-g GRP Set group ownership ++-m MODE Set permissions ++-t DIR Install to DIR</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ionice">ionice</h2> ++ ++<p>ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-t] { -p PID | PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<p>Change I/O priority and class</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c N Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle ++-n N Priority ++-t Ignore errors</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="iostat">iostat</h2> ++ ++<p>iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL [COUNT]]</p> ++ ++<p>Report CPU and I/O statistics</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Show CPU utilization ++-d Show device utilization ++-t Print current time ++-z Omit devices with no activity ++-k Use kb/s ++-m Use Mb/s</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ip">ip</h2> ++ ++<p>ip [OPTIONS] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>OPTIONS := -f[amily] inet|inet6|link | -o[neline]</p> ++ ++<p>ip addr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX] ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ip link set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] [promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] ip tunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ip neigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] ip rule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ipaddr">ipaddr</h2> ++ ++<p>ipaddr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX]</p> ++ ++<p>ipaddr add|change|replace|delete dev IFACE [CONFFLAG-LIST] IFADDR IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR|+|-] [anycast ADDR] [label STRING] [scope SCOPE] PREFIX := ADDR[/MASK] SCOPE := [host|link|global|NUMBER] CONFFLAG-LIST := [CONFFLAG-LIST] CONFFLAG CONFFLAG := [noprefixroute] ipaddr show|flush [dev IFACE] [scope SCOPE] [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ipcalc">ipcalc</h2> ++ ++<p>ipcalc [-bnmphs] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [NETMASK]</p> ++ ++<p>Calculate and display network settings from IP address</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b Broadcast address ++-n Network address ++-m Default netmask for IP ++-p Prefix for IP/NETMASK ++-h Resolved host name ++-s No error messages</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ipcrm">ipcrm</h2> ++ ++<p>ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id]</p> ++ ++<p>Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-mM Remove memory segment after last detach ++-qQ Remove message queue ++-sS Remove semaphore</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ipcs">ipcs</h2> ++ ++<p>ipcs [[-smq] -i SHMID] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]]</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -i ID Show specific resource ++Resource specification: ++ ++ -m Shared memory segments ++ -q Message queues ++ -s Semaphore arrays ++ -a All (default) ++Output format: ++ ++ -t Time ++ -c Creator ++ -p Pid ++ -l Limits ++ -u Summary</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="iplink">iplink</h2> ++ ++<p>iplink set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] [promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] iplink add [link IFACE] IFACE [address MAC] type TYPE [ARGS] iplink delete IFACE type TYPE [ARGS] TYPE ARGS := vlan VLANARGS | vrf table NUM | can CANARGS VLANARGS := id VLANID [protocol 802.1q|802.1ad] [reorder_hdr on|off] [gvrp on|off] [mvrp on|off] [loose_binding on|off] CANARGS := [bitrate BITRATE [sample-point SAMPLE-POINT]] | [tq TQ prop-seg PROP_SEG phase-seg1 PHASE-SEG1 phase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [sjw SJW]] [dbitrate BITRATE [dsample-point SAMPLE-POINT]] | [dtq TQ dprop-seg PROP_SEG dphase-seg1 PHASE-SEG1 dphase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [dsjw SJW]] [loopback on|off] [listen-only on|off] [triple-sampling on|off] [one-shot on|off] [berr-reporting on|off] [fd on|off] [fd-non-iso on|off] [presume-ack on|off] [restart-ms TIME-MS] [restart] [termination 0..65535] iplink show [IFACE]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ipneigh">ipneigh</h2> ++ ++<p>ipneigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="iproute">iproute</h2> ++ ++<p>iproute list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE</p> ++ ++<p>iproute list|flush SELECTOR SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] PREFIX := default|ADDR[/MASK] iproute get ADDR [from ADDR iif IFACE] [oif IFACE] [tos TOS] iproute add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [INFO_SPEC] NODE_SPEC := PREFIX [table TABLE_ID] [proto RTPROTO] [scope SCOPE] [metric METRIC] INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS NH := [via [inet|inet6] ADDR] [dev IFACE] [src ADDR] [onlink] OPTIONS := [mtu [lock] NUM] [advmss [lock] NUM]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="iprule">iprule</h2> ++ ++<p>iprule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION</p> ++ ++<pre><code>SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK[/MASK]] ++ [dev IFACE] [pref NUMBER] ++ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDR] ++ [prohibit|reject|unreachable] ++ [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] ++TABLE_ID := [local|main|default|NUMBER]</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="iptunnel">iptunnel</h2> ++ ++<p>iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL]</p> ++ ++<p>iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY] [[i|o]csum] [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="kbd_mode">kbd_mode</h2> ++ ++<p>kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY]</p> ++ ++<p>Report or set VT console keyboard mode</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Default (ASCII) ++-k Medium-raw (keycode) ++-s Raw (scancode) ++-u Unicode (utf-8) ++-C TTY Affect TTY</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="kill">kill</h2> ++ ++<p>kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...</p> ++ ++<p>Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all signal names and numbers</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="killall">killall</h2> ++ ++<p>killall [-lq] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME...</p> ++ ++<p>Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all signal names and numbers ++-q Don't complain if no processes were killed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="killall5">killall5</h2> ++ ++<p>killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...</p> ++ ++<p>Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all signal names and numbers ++-o PID Don't signal this PID</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="klogd">klogd</h2> ++ ++<p>klogd [-c N] [-n]</p> ++ ++<p>Log kernel messages to syslog</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c N Print to console messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) ++-n Run in foreground</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="last">last</h2> ++ ++<p>last [-HW] [-f FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Show listing of the last users that logged into the system</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-W Display with no host column truncation ++-f FILE Read from FILE instead of /var/log/wtmp</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="less">less</h2> ++ ++<p>less [-EFIMmNSRh~] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-E Quit once the end of a file is reached ++-F Quit if entire file fits on first screen ++-I Ignore case in all searches ++-M,-m Display status line with line numbers ++ and percentage through the file ++-N Prefix line number to each line ++-S Truncate long lines ++-R Remove color escape codes in input ++-~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="link">link</h2> ++ ++<p>link FILE LINK</p> ++ ++<p>Create hard LINK to FILE</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ln">ln</h2> ++ ++<p>ln [-sfnbtv] [-S SUF] TARGET... LINK|DIR</p> ++ ++<p>Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks ++-f Remove existing destinations ++-n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file ++-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation ++-S SUF Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files ++-T Treat LINK as a file, not DIR ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="loadfont">loadfont</h2> ++ ++<p>loadfont < font</p> ++ ++<p>Load a console font from stdin</p> ++ ++<h2 id="loadkmap">loadkmap</h2> ++ ++<p>loadkmap < keymap</p> ++ ++<p>Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin</p> ++ ++<h2 id="logger">logger</h2> ++ ++<p>logger [-s] [-t TAG] [-p PRIO] [MESSAGE]</p> ++ ++<p>Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Log to stderr as well as the system log ++-t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) ++-p PRIO Priority (number or FACILITY.LEVEL pair)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="login">login</h2> ++ ++<p>login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Begin a new session on the system</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated) ++-h HOST Host user came from (for network logins) ++-p Preserve environment</code></pre> ++ ++<p>$LOGIN_TIMEOUT Seconds (default 60, 0 - disable) $LOGIN_PRE_SUID_SCRIPT Execute before user ID change</p> ++ ++<h2 id="logname">logname</h2> ++ ++<p>logname</p> ++ ++<p>Print the name of the current user</p> ++ ++<h2 id="logread">logread</h2> ++ ++<p>logread [-fF]</p> ++ ++<p>Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Output data as log grows ++-F Same as -f, but dump buffer first</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="losetup">losetup</h2> ++ ++<p>losetup [-rP] [-o OFS] {-f|LOOPDEV} FILE: associate loop devices losetup -c LOOPDEV: reread file size losetup -d LOOPDEV: disassociate losetup -a: show status losetup -f: show next free loop device</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE ++-P Scan for partitions ++-r Read-only ++-f Show/use next free loop device</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lpd">lpd</h2> ++ ++<p>lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]]</p> ++ ++<p>SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print is passed in $DATAFILE variable. Example:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lpq">lpq</h2> ++ ++<p>lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID]... [-fs]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++-d Delete jobs ++-f Force any waiting job to be printed ++-s Short display</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lpr">lpr</h2> ++ ++<p>lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++-m Send mail on completion ++-h Print banner page too ++-V Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ls">ls</h2> ++ ++<p>ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>List directory contents</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-1 One column output ++-a Include names starting with . ++-A Like -a, but exclude . and .. ++-x List by lines ++-d List directory names, not contents ++-L Follow symlinks ++-H Follow symlinks on command line ++-R Recurse ++-p Append / to directory names ++-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names ++-l Long format ++-i List inode numbers ++-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names ++-s List allocated blocks ++-lc List ctime ++-lu List atime ++--full-time List full date/time ++-h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G) ++--group-directories-first ++-S Sort by size ++-X Sort by extension ++-v Sort by version ++-t Sort by mtime ++-tc Sort by ctime ++-tu Sort by atime ++-r Reverse sort order ++-w N Format N columns wide ++--color[={always,never,auto}]</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lsattr">lsattr</h2> ++ ++<p>lsattr [-Radlpv] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>List ext2 file attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-R Recurse ++-a Include names starting with . ++-d List directory names, not contents ++-l List long flag names ++-p List project ID ++-v List version/generation number</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lsblk">lsblk</h2> ++ ++<p>lsblk [BLOCKDEV]...</p> ++ ++<p>List block devices</p> ++ ++<h2 id="lsmod">lsmod</h2> ++ ++<p>lsmod</p> ++ ++<p>List loaded kernel modules</p> ++ ++<h2 id="lsof">lsof</h2> ++ ++<p>lsof</p> ++ ++<p>Show all open files</p> ++ ++<h2 id="lspci">lspci</h2> ++ ++<p>lspci [-mk]</p> ++ ++<p>List all PCI devices</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m Parsable output ++-k Show driver</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lzcat">lzcat</h2> ++ ++<p>lzcat [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="lzma">lzma</h2> ++ ++<p>lzma -d [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="lzop">lzop</h2> ++ ++<p>lzop [-cfUvd123456789CF] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-1..9 Compression level ++-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-U Delete input files ++-v Verbose ++-F Don't store or verify checksum ++-C Also write checksum of compressed block</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="makedevs">makedevs</h2> ++ ++<p>makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir</p> ++ ++<p>Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. Device table entries take the form of:</p> ++ ++<p><name> <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count> Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular file d Directory c Character device b Block device p Fifo (named pipe) uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="makemime">makemime</h2> ++ ++<p>makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o FILE Output. Default: stdout ++-a HDR Add header(s). Examples: ++ "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`" ++-c CT Content type. Default: application/octet-stream ++-C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Other options are silently ignored</p> ++ ++<h2 id="man">man</h2> ++ ++<p>man [-aw] [SECTION] MANPAGE[.SECTION]...</p> ++ ++<p>Display manual page</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Display all pages ++-w Show page locations</code></pre> ++ ++<p>$COLUMNS overrides output width</p> ++ ++<h2 id="md5sum">md5sum</h2> ++ ++<p>md5sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check MD5 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mdev">mdev</h2> ++ ++<p>mdev [-vS] { [-s] | [-df] }</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-S Log to syslog too ++-s Scan /sys and populate /dev ++-d Daemon, listen on netlink ++-f Run in foreground</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it: echo /sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug</p> ++ ++<p>It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines [-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH]|[!] [@|$|*PROG] where DEVNAME is device name regex, @major,minor[-minor2], or environment variable regex. A common use of the latter is to load modules for hotplugged devices:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>$MODALIAS=.* 0:0 660 @modprobe "$MODALIAS"</code></pre> ++ ++<p>If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value to match $SEQNUM variable. This prevents plug/unplug races. To activate this feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot.</p> ++ ++<p>If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="mesg">mesg</h2> ++ ++<p>mesg [y|n]</p> ++ ++<p>Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access to your terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal</p> ++ ++<h2 id="microcom">microcom</h2> ++ ++<p>microcom [-d DELAY_MS] [-t TIMEOUT_MS ] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY</p> ++ ++<p>Copy bytes from stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d DELAY Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending ++ every next byte to it ++-t TIMEOUT Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms ++-s SPEED Set serial line to SPEED ++-X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mim">mim</h2> ++ ++<p>mim [-f FILE] [SHELL_OPTIONS] [TARGET] ...</p> ++ ++<p>Run a script from a Makefile-like specification file</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f FILE Spec file (default Mimfile)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkdir">mkdir</h2> ++ ++<p>mkdir [-m MODE] [-p] DIRECTORY...</p> ++ ++<p>Create DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MODE Mode ++-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkdosfs">mkdosfs</h2> ++ ++<p>mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Make a FAT32 filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-n LBL Volume label</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mke2fs">mke2fs</h2> ++ ++<p>mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++-F Force ++-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++-I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++-L LBL Volume label ++-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++-n Dry run</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkfifo">mkfifo</h2> ++ ++<p>mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME</p> ++ ++<p>Create named pipe</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkfs.ext2">mkfs.ext2</h2> ++ ++<p>mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++-F Force ++-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++-I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++-L LBL Volume label ++-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++-n Dry run</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</h2> ++ ++<p>mkfs.minix [-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Make a MINIX filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check device for bad blocks ++-n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames ++-i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem ++-l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE ++-v Make version 2 filesystem</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkfs.vfat">mkfs.vfat</h2> ++ ++<p>mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Make a FAT32 filesystem</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-n LBL Volume label</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mknod">mknod</h2> ++ ++<p>mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]</p> ++ ++<p>Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw) ++TYPE: ++ b Block device ++ c or u Character device ++ p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkpasswd">mkpasswd</h2> ++ ++<p>mkpasswd [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT]</p> ++ ++<p>Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P N Read password from fd N ++-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++-S SALT</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mkswap">mkswap</h2> ++ ++<p>mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-L LBL Label</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mktemp">mktemp</h2> ++ ++<p>mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]</p> ++ ++<p>Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). Without TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Make directory, not file ++-q Fail silently on errors ++-t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE ++-p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t) ++-u Do not create anything; print a name</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Base directory is: -p DIR, else $TMPDIR, else /tmp</p> ++ ++<h2 id="modinfo">modinfo</h2> ++ ++<p>modinfo [-adlpn0] [-F keyword] MODULE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Shortcut for '-F author' ++-d Shortcut for '-F description' ++-l Shortcut for '-F license' ++-p Shortcut for '-F parm' ++-F keyword Keyword to look for ++-0 NUL terminated output</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="modprobe">modprobe</h2> ++ ++<p>modprobe [-rq] MODULE [SYMBOL=VALUE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r Remove MODULE ++-q Quiet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="more">more</h2> ++ ++<p>more [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time</p> ++ ++<h2 id="mount">mount</h2> ++ ++<p>mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPT] DEVICE NODE</p> ++ ++<p>Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -a Mount all filesystems in fstab ++ -f Dry run ++ -v Verbose ++ -r Read-only mount ++ -t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s) ++ -T FILE Read FILE instead of /etc/fstab ++ -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only) ++-o OPT: ++ loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) ++ [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous ++ [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times ++ [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories ++ [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time ++ [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files ++ [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files ++ [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs ++ [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree ++ [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree ++ [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree ++ [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted ++ [r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location ++ move Relocate an existing mount point ++ remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags ++ ro Same as -r</code></pre> ++ ++<p>There are filesystem-specific -o flags.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="mountpoint">mountpoint</h2> ++ ++<p>mountpoint [-q] { [-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE }</p> ++ ++<p>Check if DIR is a mountpoint</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-q Quiet ++-d Print major:minor of the filesystem ++-n Print device name of the filesystem ++-x Print major:minor of DEVICE</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mpstat">mpstat</h2> ++ ++<p>mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL [COUNT]]</p> ++ ++<p>Per-processor statistics</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-A Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL ++-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU Report interrupt statistics ++-P num|ALL Processor to monitor ++-u Report CPU utilization</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="mt">mt</h2> ++ ++<p>mt [-f DEVICE] OPCODE VALUE</p> ++ ++<p>Control magnetic tape drive operation</p> ++ ++<p>Opcodes:</p> ++ ++<p>bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset</p> ++ ++<h2 id="mv">mv</h2> ++ ++<p>mv [-finT] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY }</p> ++ ++<p>Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCEs to DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Don't prompt before overwriting ++-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite ++-n Don't overwrite an existing file ++-T Refuse to move if DEST is a directory ++-t DIR Move all SOURCEs into DIR</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nameif">nameif</h2> ++ ++<p>nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [IFNAME SELECTOR]...</p> ++ ++<p>Rename network interface while it in the down state. The device matched by SELECTOR is renamed to IFNAME. SELECTOR can be a combination of:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>driver=STRING ++bus=STRING ++phy_address=NUM ++[mac=]XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX ++ ++-c FILE Configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) ++-s Log to syslog</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nanddump">nanddump</h2> ++ ++<p>nanddump [-no] [--bb padbad|skipbad] [-s ADDR] [-l LEN] [-f FILE] MTD_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Dump MTD_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Read without ecc ++-o Dump oob data ++-s ADDR Start address ++-l LEN Length ++-f FILE Dump to file ('-' for stdout) ++--bb METHOD ++ skipbad: skip bad blocks ++ padbad: substitute bad blocks by 0xff (default)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nandwrite">nandwrite</h2> ++ ++<p>nandwrite [-np] [-s ADDR] MTD_DEVICE [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Write to MTD_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Write without ecc ++-p Pad to page size ++-s ADDR Start address</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nbd-client">nbd-client</h2> ++ ++<p>nbd-client { [-b BLKSIZE] [-N NAME] [-t SEC] [-p] HOST [PORT] | -d } BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<p>Connect to HOST and provide network block device on BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<h2 id="nc">nc</h2> ++ ++<p>nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST] [PORT] - listen</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) ++-l Listen mode, for inbound connects ++-lk With -e, provides persistent server ++-p PORT Local port ++-s ADDR Local address ++-w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads ++-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent ++-n Don't do DNS resolution ++-u UDP mode ++-b Allow broadcasts ++-v Verbose ++-o FILE Hex dump traffic ++-z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="netstat">netstat</h2> ++ ++<p>netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp]</p> ++ ++<p>Display networking information</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r Routing table ++-a All sockets ++-l Listening sockets ++ Else: connected sockets ++-t TCP sockets ++-u UDP sockets ++-w Raw sockets ++-x Unix sockets ++ Else: all socket types ++-e Other/more information ++-n Don't resolve names ++-W Wide display ++-p Show PID/program name for sockets</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nice">nice</h2> ++ ++<p>nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Change scheduling priority, run PROG</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nl">nl</h2> ++ ++<p>nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b STYLE Which lines to number - a: all, t: nonempty, n: none ++-i N Line number increment ++-s STRING Use STRING as line number separator ++-v N Start from N ++-w N Width of line numbers</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nmeter">nmeter</h2> ++ ++<p>nmeter [-d MSEC] FORMAT_STRING</p> ++ ++<p>Monitor system in real time</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d MSEC Milliseconds between updates, default:1000, none:-1</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Format specifiers:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>%Nc or %[cN] CPU. N - bar size (default 10) ++ (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) ++%[nINTERFACE] Network INTERFACE ++%m Allocated memory ++%[md] Dirty file-backed memory ++%[mw] Memory being written to storage ++%[mf] Free memory ++%[mt] Total memory ++%s Allocated swap ++%f Number of used file descriptors ++%Ni Total/specific IRQ rate ++%x Context switch rate ++%p Forks ++%[pn] # of processes ++%b Block io ++%Nt Time (with N decimal points) ++%NT Zero-based timestamp (with N decimal points) ++%r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nohup">nohup</h2> ++ ++<p>nohup PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty</p> ++ ++<h2 id="nologin">nologin</h2> ++ ++<p>nologin</p> ++ ++<p>Politely refuse a login</p> ++ ++<h2 id="nproc">nproc</h2> ++ ++<p>nproc [--all] [--ignore=N]</p> ++ ++<p>Print number of available CPUs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>--all Number of installed CPUs ++--ignore=N Exclude N CPUs</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nsenter">nsenter</h2> ++ ++<p>nsenter [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-t PID Target process to get namespaces from ++-m[FILE] Enter mount namespace ++-u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc) ++-i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace ++-n[FILE] Enter network namespace ++-p[FILE] Enter pid namespace ++-U[FILE] Enter user namespace ++-S UID Set uid in entered namespace ++-G GID Set gid in entered namespace ++--preserve-credentials Don't touch uids or gids ++-r[DIR] Set root directory ++-w[DIR] Set working directory ++-F Don't fork before exec'ing PROG</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="nslookup">nslookup</h2> ++ ++<p>nslookup [-type=QUERY_TYPE] [-debug] HOST [DNS_SERVER]</p> ++ ++<p>Query DNS about HOST</p> ++ ++<p>QUERY_TYPE: soa,ns,a,aaaa,cname,mx,txt,ptr,srv,any</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ntpd">ntpd</h2> ++ ++<p>ntpd [-dnqNwl] [-I IFACE] [-S PROG] [-k KEYFILE] [-p [keyno:N:]PEER]...</p> ++ ++<p>NTP client/server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d[d] Verbose ++-n Run in foreground ++-q Quit after clock is set ++-N Run at high priority ++-w Do not set time (only query peers), implies -n ++-S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 min ++-k FILE Key file (ntp.keys compatible) ++-p [keyno:NUM:]PEER ++ Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated) ++ Use key NUM for authentication ++ If -p is not given, 'server HOST' lines ++ from /etc/ntp.conf are used ++-l Also run as server on port 123 ++-I IFACE Bind server to IFACE, implies -l</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="od">od</h2> ++ ++<p>od [-abcdfhilovxs] [-t TYPE] [-A RADIX] [-N SIZE] [-j SKIP] [-S MINSTR] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default</p> ++ ++<h2 id="openvt">openvt</h2> ++ ++<p>openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Start PROG on a new virtual terminal</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c N Use specified VT ++-s Switch to the VT ++-w Wait for PROG to exit</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="partprobe">partprobe</h2> ++ ++<p>partprobe DEVICE...</p> ++ ++<p>Ask kernel to rescan partition table</p> ++ ++<h2 id="passwd">passwd</h2> ++ ++<p>passwd [-a ALG] [-dlu] [USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Change USER's password (default: current user)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++-d Set password to '' ++-l Lock (disable) account ++-u Unlock (enable) account</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="paste">paste</h2> ++ ++<p>paste [-d LIST] [-s] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab ++-s Serial: one file at a time</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="patch">patch</h2> ++ ++<p>patch [-RNE] [-p N] [-i DIFF] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p N Strip N leading components from file names ++-i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin ++-R Reverse patch ++-N Ignore already applied patches ++-E Remove output files if they become empty ++--dry-run Don't actually change files</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pgrep">pgrep</h2> ++ ++<p>pgrep [-flanovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]</p> ++ ++<p>Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l Show command name too ++-a Show command line too ++-f Match against entire command line ++-n Show the newest process only ++-o Show the oldest process only ++-v Negate the match ++-x Match whole name (not substring) ++-s Match session ID (0 for current) ++-P Match parent process ID</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pidof">pidof</h2> ++ ++<p>pidof [-s] [-o PID] [NAME]...</p> ++ ++<p>List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Show only one PID ++-o PID Omit given pid ++ Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ping">ping</h2> ++ ++<p>ping [OPTIONS] HOST</p> ++ ++<p>Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++-c CNT Send only CNT pings ++-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++-i SECS Interval ++-A Ping as soon as reply is received ++-t TTL Set TTL ++-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++ (after all -c CNT packets are sent) ++-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++ (can exit earlier with -c CNT) ++-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ping6">ping6</h2> ++ ++<p>ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST</p> ++ ++<p>Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c CNT Send only CNT pings ++-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++-i SECS Interval ++-A Ping as soon as reply is received ++-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++ (after all -c CNT packets are sent) ++-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++ (can exit earlier with -c CNT) ++-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pivot_root">pivot_root</h2> ++ ++<p>pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD</p> ++ ++<p>Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the new root file system</p> ++ ++<h2 id="pkill">pkill</h2> ++ ++<p>pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-xfvnoe] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]</p> ++ ++<p>Send signal to processes selected by regex PATTERN</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List all signals ++-x Match whole name (not substring) ++-f Match against entire command line ++-s SID Match session ID (0 for current) ++-P PPID Match parent process ID ++-v Negate the match ++-n Signal the newest process only ++-o Signal the oldest process only ++-e Display name and PID of the process being killed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pmap">pmap</h2> ++ ++<p>pmap [-xq] PID...</p> ++ ++<p>Display process memory usage</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-x Show details ++-q Quiet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="popmaildir">popmaildir</h2> ++ ++<p>popmaildir [OPTIONS] MAILDIR [CONN_HELPER ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Skip authorization ++-T Get messages with TOP instead of RETR ++-k Keep retrieved messages on the server ++-t SEC Network timeout ++-F 'PROG ARGS' Filter program (may be repeated) ++-M 'PROG ARGS' Delivery program</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Fetch from plain POP3 server: popmaildir -k DIR nc pop3.server.com 110 <user_and_pass.txt Fetch from SSLed POP3 server and delete fetched emails: popmaildir DIR -- openssl s_client -quiet -connect pop3.server.com:995 <user_and_pass.txt</p> ++ ++<h2 id="poweroff">poweroff</h2> ++ ++<p>poweroff [-d DELAY] [-nf]</p> ++ ++<p>Halt and shut off power</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d SEC Delay interval ++-n Do not sync ++-f Force (don't go through init)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="powertop">powertop</h2> ++ ++<p>powertop</p> ++ ++<p>Analyze power consumption on Intel-based laptops</p> ++ ++<h2 id="printenv">printenv</h2> ++ ++<p>printenv [VARIABLE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print environment VARIABLEs. If no VARIABLE specified, print all.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="printf">printf</h2> ++ ++<p>printf FORMAT [ARG]...</p> ++ ++<p>Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a-la C printf)</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ps">ps</h2> ++ ++<p>ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T]</p> ++ ++<p>Show list of processes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display ++-T Show threads</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pscan">pscan</h2> ++ ++<p>pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT] HOST</p> ++ ++<p>Scan HOST, print all open ports</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Show closed ports too ++-b Show blocked ports too ++-p PORT Scan from this port (default 1) ++-P PORT Scan up to this port (default 1024) ++-t MS Timeout (default 5000 ms) ++-T MS Minimum rtt (default 5 ms)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pstree">pstree</h2> ++ ++<p>pstree [-p] [PID|USER]</p> ++ ++<p>Display process tree, optionally start from USER or PID</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p Show pids</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="pwd">pwd</h2> ++ ++<p>pwd</p> ++ ++<p>Print the full filename of the current working directory</p> ++ ++<h2 id="pwdx">pwdx</h2> ++ ++<p>pwdx PID...</p> ++ ++<p>Show current directory for PIDs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="raidautorun">raidautorun</h2> ++ ++<p>raidautorun DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays</p> ++ ++<h2 id="rdate">rdate</h2> ++ ++<p>rdate [-s/-p] HOST</p> ++ ++<p>Set and print time from HOST using RFC 868</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Only set system time ++-p Only print time</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rdev">rdev</h2> ++ ++<p>rdev</p> ++ ++<p>Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="readahead">readahead</h2> ++ ++<p>readahead [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Preload FILEs to RAM</p> ++ ++<h2 id="readlink">readlink</h2> ++ ++<p>readlink [-fnv] FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Display the value of a symlink</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Don't add newline ++-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="readprofile">readprofile</h2> ++ ++<p>readprofile [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MAPFILE (Default: /boot/System.map) ++-p PROFILE (Default: /proc/profile) ++-M NUM Set the profiling multiplier to NUM ++-i Print only info about the sampling step ++-v Verbose ++-a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 ++-b Print individual histogram-bin counts ++-s Print individual counters within functions ++-r Reset all the counters (root only) ++-n Disable byte order auto-detection</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="realpath">realpath</h2> ++ ++<p>realpath FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Print absolute pathnames of FILEs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="reboot">reboot</h2> ++ ++<p>reboot [-d DELAY] [-nf]</p> ++ ++<p>Reboot the system</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d SEC Delay interval ++-n Do not sync ++-f Force (don't go through init)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="reformime">reformime</h2> ++ ++<p>reformime [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Parse MIME-encoded message on stdin</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-x PREFIX Extract content of MIME sections to files ++-X PROG ARGS Filter content of MIME sections through PROG ++ Must be the last option</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Other options are silently ignored</p> ++ ++<h2 id="remove-shell">remove-shell</h2> ++ ++<p>remove-shell SHELL...</p> ++ ++<p>Remove SHELLs from /etc/shells</p> ++ ++<h2 id="renice">renice</h2> ++ ++<p>renice [-n] PRIORITY [[-p|g|u] ID...]...</p> ++ ++<p>Change scheduling priority of a running process</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Add PRIORITY to current nice value ++ Without -n, nice value is set to PRIORITY ++-p Process ids (default) ++-g Process group ids ++-u Process user names</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="reset">reset</h2> ++ ++<p>reset</p> ++ ++<p>Reset terminal (ESC codes) and termios (signals, buffering, echo)</p> ++ ++<h2 id="resize">resize</h2> ++ ++<p>resize</p> ++ ++<p>Resize the screen</p> ++ ++<h2 id="resume">resume</h2> ++ ++<p>resume BLOCKDEV [OFFSET]</p> ++ ++<p>Restore system state from 'suspend-to-disk' data in BLOCKDEV</p> ++ ++<h2 id="rev">rev</h2> ++ ++<p>rev [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Reverse lines of FILE</p> ++ ++<h2 id="rm">rm</h2> ++ ++<p>rm [-irf] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Remove (unlink) FILEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Always prompt before removing ++-f Never prompt ++-R,-r Recurse</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rmdir">rmdir</h2> ++ ++<p>rmdir [-p] DIRECTORY...</p> ++ ++<p>Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p Include parents ++--ignore-fail-on-non-empty</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rmmod">rmmod</h2> ++ ++<p>rmmod MODULE...</p> ++ ++<p>Unload kernel modules</p> ++ ++<h2 id="route">route</h2> ++ ++<p>route [-ne] [-A inet[6]] [{add|del} [-net|-host] TARGET [netmask MASK] [gw GATEWAY] [metric N] [mss BYTES] [window BYTES] [reject] [IFACE]]</p> ++ ++<p>Show or edit kernel routing tables</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Don't resolve names ++-e Display other/more information ++-A inet[6] Select address family</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rpm">rpm</h2> ++ ++<p>rpm -i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm</p> ++ ++<p>Manipulate RPM packages</p> ++ ++<p>Commands:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Install package ++-qp Query package ++-qpi Show information ++-qpl List contents ++-qpd List documents ++-qpc List config files</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rpm2cpio">rpm2cpio</h2> ++ ++<p>rpm2cpio PACKAGE.rpm</p> ++ ++<p>Output a cpio archive of the rpm file</p> ++ ++<h2 id="rtcwake">rtcwake</h2> ++ ++<p>rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME]</p> ++ ++<p>Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Read clock mode from /etc/adjtime (default) ++-l Clock is set to local time ++-u Clock is set to UTC time ++-d DEV Specify the RTC device ++-m MODE Set sleep state (default: standby) ++-s SEC Set timeout in SEC seconds from now ++-t TIME Set timeout to TIME seconds from epoch</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="run-init">run-init</h2> ++ ++<p>run-init [-d CAP,CAP...] [-n] [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:</p> ++ ++<p>chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch ++-d CAPS Drop capabilities ++-n Dry run</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="run-parts">run-parts</h2> ++ ++<p>run-parts [-a ARG]... [-u UMASK] [--reverse] [--test] [--exit-on-error] [--list] DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<p>Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a ARG Pass ARG as argument to scripts ++-u UMASK Set UMASK before running scripts ++--reverse Reverse execution order ++--test Dry run ++--exit-on-error Exit if a script exits with non-zero ++--list Print names of matching files even if they are not executable</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="runlevel">runlevel</h2> ++ ++<p>runlevel [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Find the current and previous system runlevel</p> ++ ++<p>If no utmp FILE exists or if no runlevel record can be found, print "unknown"</p> ++ ++<h2 id="runsv">runsv</h2> ++ ++<p>runsv DIR</p> ++ ++<p>Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service</p> ++ ++<h2 id="runsvdir">runsvdir</h2> ++ ++<p>runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] DIR</p> ++ ++<p>Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-P Put each runsv in a new session ++-s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="rx">rx</h2> ++ ++<p>rx FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Receive a file using the xmodem protocol</p> ++ ++<h2 id="script">script</h2> ++ ++<p>script [-afq] [-t[FILE]] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Default OUTFILE is 'typescript'</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Append output ++-c PROG Run PROG, not shell ++-q Quiet ++-t[FILE] Send timing to stderr or FILE</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="scriptreplay">scriptreplay</h2> ++ ++<p>scriptreplay TIMINGFILE [TYPESCRIPT [DIVISOR]]</p> ++ ++<p>Play back typescripts, using timing information</p> ++ ++<h2 id="sed">sed</h2> ++ ++<p>sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] [-f FILE]... [-e CMD]... [FILE]... or: sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] CMD [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed ++-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed ++-i[SFX] Edit files in-place (otherwise write to stdout) ++ Optionally back files up, appending SFX ++-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space ++-r,-E Use extended regex syntax</code></pre> ++ ++<p>If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).</p> ++ ++<h2 id="seedrng">seedrng</h2> ++ ++<p>seedrng [-d DIR] [-n]</p> ++ ++<p>Seed the kernel RNG from seed files</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d DIR Use seed files in DIR (default: /var/lib/seedrng) ++-n Do not credit randomness, even if creditable</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sendmail">sendmail</h2> ++ ++<p>sendmail [-tv] [-f SENDER] [-amLOGIN 4<user_pass.txt | -auUSER -apPASS] [-w SECS] [-H 'PROG ARGS' | -S HOST] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]...</p> ++ ++<p>Read email from stdin and send it</p> ++ ++<p>Standard options:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-t Read additional recipients from message body ++-f SENDER For use in MAIL FROM:<sender>. Can be empty string ++ Default: -auUSER, or username of current UID ++-o OPTIONS Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored ++-i -oi synonym, implied and ignored</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Busybox specific options:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-w SECS Network timeout ++-H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper. Examples: ++ openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25 ++ openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 ++ $SMTP_ANTISPAM_DELAY: seconds to wait after helper connect ++-S HOST[:PORT] Server (default $SMTPHOST or 127.0.0.1) ++-amLOGIN Log in using AUTH LOGIN ++-amPLAIN or AUTH PLAIN ++ (-amCRAM-MD5 not supported) ++-auUSER Username for AUTH ++-apPASS Password for AUTH</code></pre> ++ ++<p>If no -a options are given, authentication is not done. If -amLOGIN is given but no -au/-ap, user/password is read from fd #4. Other options are silently ignored; -oi is implied. Use makemime to create emails with attachments.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="seq">seq</h2> ++ ++<p>seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST</p> ++ ++<p>Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC default to 1.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-w Pad with leading zeros ++-s SEP String separator</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setarch">setarch</h2> ++ ++<p>setarch PERSONALITY [-R] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>PERSONALITY may be:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation ++linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation ++ ++-R Disable address space randomization</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setconsole">setconsole</h2> ++ ++<p>setconsole [-r] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Make writes to /dev/console appear on DEVICE (default: /dev/tty). Does not redirect kernel log output or reads from /dev/console.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r Reset: writes to /dev/console go to kernel log tty(s)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setfattr">setfattr</h2> ++ ++<p>setfattr [-h] -n|-x ATTR [-v VALUE] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Set extended attributes</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-h Do not follow symlinks ++-x ATTR Remove attribute ATTR ++-n ATTR Set attribute ATTR to VALUE ++-v VALUE (default: empty)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setfont">setfont</h2> ++ ++<p>setfont [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY] FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Load a console font</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MAPFILE Load console screen map ++-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setkeycodes">setkeycodes</h2> ++ ++<p>setkeycodes { SCANCODE KEYCODE }...</p> ++ ++<p>Modify kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.</p> ++ ++<p>SCANCODE is either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), KEYCODE is decimal.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="setlogcons">setlogcons</h2> ++ ++<p>setlogcons [N]</p> ++ ++<p>Pin kernel output to VT console N. Default:0 (do not pin)</p> ++ ++<h2 id="setpriv">setpriv</h2> ++ ++<p>setpriv [OPTIONS] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG with different privilege settings</p> ++ ++<p>-d,--dump Show current capabilities --nnp,--no-new-privs Ignore setuid/setgid bits and file capabilities --inh-caps CAP,CAP Set inheritable capabilities --ambient-caps CAP,CAP Set ambient capabilities</p> ++ ++<h2 id="setserial">setserial</h2> ++ ++<p>setserial [-abGvz] { DEVICE [PARAMETER [ARG]]... | -g DEVICE... }</p> ++ ++<p>Print or set serial port parameters</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Print all ++-b Print summary ++-G Print as setserial PARAMETERs ++-v Verbose ++-z Zero out serial flags before setting ++-g All args are device names</code></pre> ++ ++<p>PARAMETERs: (* = takes ARG, ^ = can be turned off by preceding ^) *port, *irq, *divisor, *uart, *baud_base, *close_delay, *closing_wait, ^fourport, ^auto_irq, ^skip_test, ^sak, ^session_lockout, ^pgrp_lockout, ^callout_nohup, ^split_termios, ^hup_notify, ^low_latency, autoconfig, spd_normal, spd_hi, spd_vhi, spd_shi, spd_warp, spd_cust ARG for uart:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>unknown, 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A, Cirrus, 16650, 16650V2, 16750, ++16950, 16954, 16654, 16850, RSA, NS16550A, XSCALE, RM9000, OCTEON, AR7, ++U6_16550A</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setsid">setsid</h2> ++ ++<p>setsid [-c] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal and will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc).</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Set controlling terminal to stdin</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="setuidgid">setuidgid</h2> ++ ++<p>setuidgid USER PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Set uid and gid to USER's uid and gid, drop supplementary group ids, run PROG</p> ++ ++<h2 id="sh">sh</h2> ++ ++<p>sh [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Unix shell interpreter</p> ++ ++<h2 id="sha1sum">sha1sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha1sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA1 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sha256sum">sha256sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha256sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA256 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sha384sum">sha384sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha384sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA384 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sha3sum">sha3sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha3sum [-c[sw]] [-a BITS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA3 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++-a BITS 224 (default), 256, 384, 512</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sha512sum">sha512sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sha512sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print or check SHA512 checksums</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Check sums against list in FILEs ++-s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="showkey">showkey</h2> ++ ++<p>showkey [-a | -k | -s]</p> ++ ++<p>Show keys pressed</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys ++-k Display interpreted keycodes (default) ++-s Display raw scan-codes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="shred">shred</h2> ++ ++<p>shred [-fuz] [-n N] [-s SIZE] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Overwrite/delete FILEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Chmod to ensure writability ++-s SIZE Size to write ++-n N Overwrite N times (default 3) ++-z Final overwrite with zeros ++-u Remove file</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="shuf">shuf</h2> ++ ++<p>shuf [-n NUM] [-o FILE] [-z] [FILE | -e [ARG...] | -i L-H]</p> ++ ++<p>Randomly permute lines</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n NUM Output at most NUM lines ++-o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output ++-z NUL terminated output ++-e Treat ARGs as lines ++-i L-H Treat numbers L-H as lines</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="slattach">slattach</h2> ++ ++<p>slattach [-ehmLF] [-c SCRIPT] [-s BAUD] [-p PROTOCOL] SERIAL_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Configure serial line as SLIP network interface</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p PROT Protocol: slip, cslip (default), slip6, clisp6, adaptive ++-s BAUD Line speed ++-e Exit after initialization ++-h Exit if carrier is lost (else never exits) ++-c PROG Run PROG on carrier loss ++-m Do NOT set raw 8bit mode ++-L Enable 3-wire operation ++-F Disable RTS/CTS flow control</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sleep">sleep</h2> ++ ++<p>sleep [N]...</p> ++ ++<p>Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays</p> ++ ++<h2 id="smemcap">smemcap</h2> ++ ++<p>smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR</p> ++ ++<p>Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="softlimit">softlimit</h2> ++ ++<p>softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Set soft resource limits, then run PROG</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments ++ -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES ++ -d BYTES Limit data segment ++ -s BYTES Limit stack segment ++ -l BYTES Limit locked memory size ++ -o N Limit number of open files per process ++ -p N Limit number of processes per uid ++Options controlling file sizes: ++ ++ -f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++ -c BYTES Limit core file size ++Efficiency opts: ++ ++ -r BYTES Limit resident set size ++ -t N Limit CPU time, process receives ++ a SIGXCPU after N seconds</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sort">sort</h2> ++ ++<p>sort [-nrughMcszbdfiokt] [-o FILE] [-k START[.OFS][OPTS][,END[.OFS][OPTS]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Sort lines of text</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-o FILE Output to FILE ++-c Check whether input is sorted ++-b Ignore leading blanks ++-f Ignore case ++-i Ignore unprintable characters ++-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) ++-n Sort numbers ++-g General numerical sort ++-h Sort human readable numbers (2K 1G) ++-M Sort month ++-V Sort version ++-t CHAR Field separator ++-k N[,M] Sort by Nth field ++-r Reverse sort order ++-s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) ++-u Suppress duplicate lines ++-z NUL terminated input and output</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="split">split</h2> ++ ++<p>split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-b N[k|m] Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes ++-l N Split by N lines ++-a N Use N letters as suffix</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ssl_client">ssl_client</h2> ++ ++<p>ssl_client [-n SNI] { -s FD [-r FD] | HOST | -e PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ssl_server">ssl_server</h2> ++ ++<p>ssl_server -f PRIVKEY_CERT.pem PROG ARGSInetd-style TLS server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f PEMFILE HAProxy-style CRT file</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="start-stop-daemon">start-stop-daemon</h2> ++ ++<p>start-stop-daemon -S|-K [OPTIONS] [-- ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Search for matching processes, and then -S: start a process unless a matching process is found -K: stop all matching processes</p> ++ ++<p>Process matching:</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -u USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes ++ -n NAME Match processes with NAME ++ in comm field in /proc/PID/stat ++ -x EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command ++ in /proc/PID/cmdline ++ -p FILE Match a process with PID from FILE ++ All specified conditions must match ++-S only: ++ -x EXECUTABLE Program to run ++ -a NAME Zeroth argument ++ -b Background ++ -O FILE Append stdout and stderr to FILE ++ -N N Change nice level ++ -c USER[:[GRP]] Change user/group ++ -d DIR Change to DIR ++ -m Write PID to pidfile specified by -p ++-K only: ++ -s SIG Signal to send ++ -t Match only, exit with 0 if found ++Other: ++ ++ -o Exit with status 0 if nothing is done ++ -v Verbose ++ -q Quiet</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="stat">stat</h2> ++ ++<p>stat [-ltf] [-c FMT] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Display file (default) or filesystem status</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c FMT Use the specified format ++-f Display filesystem status ++-L Follow links ++-t Terse display</code></pre> ++ ++<p>FMT sequences for files:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>%a Access rights in octal ++%A Access rights in human readable form ++%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) ++%B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b ++%d Device number in decimal ++%D Device number in hex ++%f Raw mode in hex ++%F File type ++%g Group ID ++%G Group name ++%h Number of hard links ++%i Inode number ++%n File name ++%N File name, with -> TARGET if symlink ++%o I/O block size ++%s Total size in bytes ++%t Major device type in hex ++%T Minor device type in hex ++%u User ID ++%U User name ++%x Time of last access ++%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch ++%y Time of last modification ++%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch ++%z Time of last change ++%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch</code></pre> ++ ++<p>FMT sequences for file systems:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>%a Free blocks available to non-superuser ++%b Total data blocks ++%c Total file nodes ++%d Free file nodes ++%f Free blocks ++%i File System ID in hex ++%l Maximum length of filenames ++%n File name ++%s Block size (for faster transfer) ++%S Fundamental block size (for block counts) ++%t Type in hex ++%T Type in human readable form</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="strings">strings</h2> ++ ++<p>strings [-fo] [-t o|d|x] [-n LEN] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Display printable strings in a binary file</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Precede strings with filenames ++-o Precede strings with octal offsets ++-t o|d|x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16 ++-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="stty">stty</h2> ++ ++<p>stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...</p> ++ ++<p>Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin ++-a Print all current settings in human-readable form ++-g Print in stty-readable form ++[SETTING] See manpage</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="su">su</h2> ++ ++<p>su [-lmp] [-s SH] [-] [USER [FILE ARGS | -c 'CMD' [ARG0 ARGS]]]</p> ++ ++<p>Run shell under USER (by default, root)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-,-l Clear environment, go to home dir, run shell as login shell ++-p,-m Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME ++-c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' ++-s SH Shell to use instead of user's default</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sulogin">sulogin</h2> ++ ++<p>sulogin [-t N] [TTY]</p> ++ ++<p>Single user login</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p Start a login shell ++-t SEC Timeout</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sum">sum</h2> ++ ++<p>sum [-rs] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Checksum and count the blocks in a file</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) ++-s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sv">sv</h2> ++ ++<p>sv [-v] [-w SEC] CMD SERVICE_DIR...</p> ++ ++<p>Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only first character is enough):</p> ++ ++<p>status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish if it exists. After it stops, don't restart service exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service</p> ++ ++<h2 id="svc">svc</h2> ++ ++<p>svc [-udopchaitkx] SERVICE_DIR...</p> ++ ++<p>Control services monitored by runsv supervisor</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u If service is not running, start it; restart if it stops ++-d If service is running, send TERM+CONT signals; do not restart it ++-o Once: if service is not running, start it; do not restart it ++-pchaitk Send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, TERM, KILL signal to service ++-x Exit: runsv will exit as soon as the service is down</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="svlogd">svlogd</h2> ++ ++<p>svlogd [-tttv] [-r C] [-R CHARS] [-l MATCHLEN] [-b BUFLEN] DIR...</p> ++ ++<p>Read log data from stdin and write to rotated log files in DIRs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-r C Replace non-printable characters with C ++-R CHARS Also replace CHARS with C (default _) ++-t Timestamp with @tai64n ++-tt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss.sssss ++-ttt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sssss ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<p>DIR/config file modifies behavior: sSIZE - when to rotate logs (default 1000000, 0 disables) nNUM - number of files to retain !PROG - process rotated log with PROG +,-PATTERN - (de)select line for logging E,ePATTERN - (de)select line for stderr</p> ++ ++<h2 id="svok">svok</h2> ++ ++<p>svok SERVICE_DIR</p> ++ ++<p>Check whether runsv supervisor is running. Exit code is 0 if it does, 100 if it does not, 111 (with error message) if SERVICE_DIR does not exist.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="swapoff">swapoff</h2> ++ ++<p>swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Stop swapping on DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Stop swapping on all swap devices</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="swapon">swapon</h2> ++ ++<p>swapon [-a] [-e] [-d[POL]] [-p PRI] [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Start swapping on DEVICE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Start swapping on all swap devices ++-d[POL] Discard blocks at swapon (POL=once), ++ as freed (POL=pages), or both (POL omitted) ++-e Silently skip devices that do not exist ++-p PRI Set swap device priority</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="switch_root">switch_root</h2> ++ ++<p>switch_root [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:</p> ++ ++<p>chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="sync">sync</h2> ++ ++<p>sync [-df] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk -d Avoid syncing metadata -f Sync filesystems underlying FILEs</p> ++ ++<h2 id="sysctl">sysctl</h2> ++ ++<p>sysctl [-enq] { -a | -p [FILE]... | [-w] [KEY[=VALUE]]... }</p> ++ ++<p>Show/set kernel parameters</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-e Don't warn about unknown keys ++-n Don't show key names ++-q Quiet ++-a Show all values ++-p Set values from FILEs (default /etc/sysctl.conf) ++-w Set values</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="syslogd">syslogd</h2> ++ ++<p>syslogd [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>System logging utility</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Run in foreground ++-R HOST[:PORT] Log to HOST:PORT (default PORT:514) ++-L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) ++-C[size_kb] Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it) ++-K Log to kernel printk buffer (use dmesg to read it) ++-O FILE Log to FILE (default: /var/log/messages, stdout if -) ++-s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotation (default 200KB, 0=off) ++-b N N rotated logs to keep (default 1, max 99, 0=purge) ++-l N Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) ++-S Smaller output ++-t Strip client-generated timestamps ++-D Drop duplicates ++-f FILE Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tac">tac</h2> ++ ++<p>tac [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tail">tail</h2> ++ ++<p>tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Print last 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin) to. With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c [+]N[bkm] Print last N bytes ++-n N[bkm] Print last N lines ++-n +N[bkm] Start on Nth line and print the rest ++ (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++-q Never print headers ++-v Always print headers ++-f Print data as file grows ++-F Same as -f, but keep retrying ++-s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with -f</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tar">tar</h2> ++ ++<p>tar c|x|t [-zJjahmvokO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [-T FILE] [-X FILE] [LONGOPT]... [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Create, extract, or list files from a tar file</p> ++ ++<pre><code>c Create ++x Extract ++t List ++-f FILE Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out) ++-C DIR Change to DIR before operation ++-v Verbose ++-O Extract to stdout ++-m Don't restore mtime ++-o Don't restore user:group ++-k Don't replace existing files ++-z (De)compress using gzip ++-J (De)compress using xz ++-j (De)compress using bzip2 ++--lzma (De)compress using lzma ++-a (De)compress based on extension ++-h Follow symlinks ++-T FILE File with names to include ++-X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude ++--exclude PATTERN Glob pattern to exclude ++--overwrite Replace existing files ++--strip-components NUM NUM of leading components to strip ++--no-recursion Don't descend in directories ++--numeric-owner Use numeric user:group ++--no-same-permissions Don't restore access permissions ++--to-command COMMAND Pipe files to COMMAND</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="taskset">taskset</h2> ++ ++<p>taskset [-ap] [HEXMASK | -c LIST] { PID | PROG ARGS }</p> ++ ++<p>Set or get CPU affinity</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-p Operate on PID ++-a Operate on all threads ++-c Affinity is a list, not mask</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tc">tc</h2> ++ ++<p>tc OBJECT CMD [dev STRING]</p> ++ ++<p>OBJECT: qdisc|class|filter CMD: add|del|change|replace|show</p> ++ ++<p>qdisc [handle QHANDLE] [root|ingress|parent CLASSID] [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS]] QDISC_KIND := [p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc. qdisc show [dev STRING] [ingress] class [classid CLASSID] [root|parent CLASSID] [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS] ] class show [ dev STRING ] [root|parent CLASSID] filter [pref PRIO] [protocol PROTO] [root|classid CLASSID] [handle FILTERID] [[FILTER_TYPE] [help|OPTIONS]] filter show [dev STRING] [root|parent CLASSID]</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tcpsvd">tcpsvd</h2> ++ ++<p>tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG</p> ++ ++<p>Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connections. Run PROG for each connection.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++PROG ARGS Program to run ++-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++-b N Allow backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs (default 20) ++-C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP: ++ new connections from this IP address are closed ++ immediately, MSG is written to the peer before close ++-E Don't set up environment ++-h Look up peer's hostname ++-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Environment if no -E: PROTO='TCP' TCPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' for IPv6) TCPLOCALADDR='ip:port' TCPORIGDSTADDR='ip:port' of destination before firewall Useful for REDIRECTed-to-local connections: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to 8080 TCPCONCURRENCY=num_of_connects_from_this_ip If -h: TCPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is used if specified) TCPREMOTEHOST='hostname'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tee">tee</h2> ++ ++<p>tee [-ai] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite ++-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="telnet">telnet</h2> ++ ++<p>telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]</p> ++ ++<p>Connect to telnet server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Automatic login with $USER envvar ++-l USER Automatic login as USER</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="telnetd">telnetd</h2> ++ ++<p>telnetd [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Handle incoming telnet connections</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect (default /bin/login) ++-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue.net ++-K Close connection as soon as login exits ++ (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) ++-p PORT Port to listen on. Default 23 ++-b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to ++-F Run in foreground ++-i Inetd mode ++-w SEC Inetd 'wait' mode, linger time SEC ++ inetd.conf line: 23 stream tcp wait root telnetd telnetd -w10 ++-S Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w) ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tftp">tftp</h2> ++ ++<p>tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]</p> ++ ++<p>Transfer a file from/to tftp server</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l FILE Local FILE ++-r FILE Remote FILE ++-g Get file ++-p Put file ++-b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tftpd">tftpd</h2> ++ ++<p>tftpd [-crl] [-u USER] [DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>Transfer a file on tftp client's request</p> ++ ++<p>tftpd is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd -l /files/to/serve Can be run from udpsvd:</p> ++ ++<pre><code>udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve ++ ++-r Prohibit upload ++-c Allow file creation via upload ++-u USER Access files as USER ++-l Log to syslog (inetd mode requires this)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="time">time</h2> ++ ++<p>time [-vpa] [-o FILE] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-v Verbose ++-p POSIX output format ++-f FMT Custom format ++-o FILE Write result to FILE ++-a Append (else overwrite)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="timeout">timeout</h2> ++ ++<p>timeout [-s SIG] [-k KILL_SECS] SECS PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG. Send SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Default SIG: TERM.If it still exists in KILL_SECS seconds, send KILL.</p> ++ ++<h2 id="top">top</h2> ++ ++<p>top [-bmH] [-n COUNT] [-d SECONDS]</p> ++ ++<p>Show a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show a screenful of them. Keys:</p> ++ ++<pre><code> N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time ++ S: show memory ++ R: reverse sort ++ H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP ++ Q,^C: exit ++Options: ++ ++ -b Batch mode ++ -n N Exit after N iterations ++ -d SEC Delay between updates ++ -m Same as 's' key ++ -H Show threads</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="touch">touch</h2> ++ ++<p>touch [-cham] [-d DATE] [-t DATE] [-r FILE] FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Update mtime of FILEs</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Don't create files ++-h Don't follow links ++-a Change only atime ++-m Change only mtime ++-d DT Date/time to use ++-t DT Date/time to use ++-r FILE Use FILE's date/time</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tr">tr</h2> ++ ++<p>tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]</p> ++ ++<p>Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Take complement of STRING1 ++-d Delete input characters coded STRING1 ++-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="traceroute">traceroute</h2> ++ ++<p>traceroute [-46IFlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Trace the route to HOST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++-F Set don't fragment bit ++-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++-l Display TTL value of the returned packet ++-n Print numeric addresses ++-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++-v Verbose ++-f N First number of hops (default 1) ++-m N Max number of hops ++-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++-p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++ (default 33434) ++-s IP Source address ++-i IFACE Source interface ++-t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) ++-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++-z MSEC Wait before each send</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="traceroute6">traceroute6</h2> ++ ++<p>traceroute6 [-Inrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]</p> ++ ++<p>Trace the route to HOST</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++-n Print numeric addresses ++-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++-v Verbose ++-f N First number of hops (default 1) ++-m N Max number of hops ++-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++-p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++ (default 33434) ++-s IP Source address ++-i IFACE Source interface ++-t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) ++-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++-z MSEC Wait before each send</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="truncate">truncate</h2> ++ ++<p>truncate [-c] -s SIZE FILE...</p> ++ ++<p>Truncate FILEs to SIZE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Do not create files ++-s SIZE</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ts">ts</h2> ++ ++<p>ts [-is] [STRFTIME]</p> ++ ++<p>Pipe stdin to stdout, add timestamp to each line</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Time since start ++-i Time since previous line</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="tsort">tsort</h2> ++ ++<p>tsort [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Topological sort</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tty">tty</h2> ++ ++<p>tty [-s]</p> ++ ++<p>Print file name of stdin's terminal</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-s Print nothing, only return exit status</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ttysize">ttysize</h2> ++ ++<p>ttysize [w] [h]</p> ++ ++<p>Print dimensions of stdin tty, or 80x24</p> ++ ++<h2 id="tunctl">tunctl</h2> ++ ++<p>tunctl [-f DEVICE] [-t NAME | -d NAME] [-u USER] [-g GRP] [-b]</p> ++ ++<p>Create or delete TUN/TAP interfaces</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f DEV TUN device (default /dev/net/tun) ++-t NAME Create iface (default: tapN) ++-d NAME Delete iface ++-u USER Set iface owner ++-g GRP Set iface group ++-b Brief output</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubiattach">ubiattach</h2> ++ ++<p>ubiattach -m MTD_NUM [-d UBI_NUM] [-O VID_HDR_OFF] UBI_CTRL_DEV</p> ++ ++<p>Attach MTD device to UBI</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m MTD_NUM MTD device number to attach ++-d UBI_NUM UBI device number to assign ++-O VID_HDR_OFF VID header offset</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubidetach">ubidetach</h2> ++ ++<p>ubidetach -d UBI_NUM UBI_CTRL_DEV</p> ++ ++<p>Detach MTD device from UBI</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d UBI_NUM UBI device number</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubimkvol">ubimkvol</h2> ++ ++<p>ubimkvol -N NAME [-s SIZE | -m] UBI_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Create UBI volume</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a ALIGNMENT Volume alignment (default 1) ++-m Set volume size to maximum available ++-n VOLID Volume ID. If not specified, ++ assigned automatically ++-N NAME Volume name ++-s SIZE Size in bytes ++-t TYPE Volume type (static|dynamic)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubirename">ubirename</h2> ++ ++<p>ubirename UBI_DEVICE OLD_VOLNAME NEW_VOLNAME [OLD2 NEW2]...</p> ++ ++<p>Rename UBI volumes on UBI_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<h2 id="ubirmvol">ubirmvol</h2> ++ ++<p>ubirmvol -n VOLID | -N VOLNAME UBI_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Remove UBI volume</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n VOLID Volume ID ++-N VOLNAME Volume name</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubirsvol">ubirsvol</h2> ++ ++<p>ubirsvol -n VOLID -s SIZE UBI_DEVICE</p> ++ ++<p>Resize UBI volume</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n VOLID Volume ID ++-s SIZE Size in bytes</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="ubiupdatevol">ubiupdatevol</h2> ++ ++<p>ubiupdatevol -t UBI_DEVICE | [-s SIZE] UBI_DEVICE IMG_FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Update UBI volume</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-t Truncate to zero size ++-s SIZE Size in bytes to resize to</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="udhcpc">udhcpc</h2> ++ ++<p>udhcpc [-fbqvRB] [-a[MSEC]] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC|-n] [-i IFACE] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-oC] [-r IP] [-V VENDOR] [-F NAME] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) ++ -p FILE Create pidfile ++ -B Request broadcast replies ++ -t N Send up to N discover packets (default 3) ++ -T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++ -A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++ -b Background if lease is not obtained ++ -n Exit if lease is not obtained ++ -q Exit after obtaining lease ++ -R Release IP on exit ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -a[MSEC] Validate offered address with ARP ping ++ -r IP Request this IP address ++ -o Don't request any options (unless -O is given) ++ -O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++ -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++ Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++ -x hostname:bbox - option 12 ++ -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) ++ -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) ++ -x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted) ++ -F NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME ++ -V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION') ++ -C Don't send MAC as client identifier ++ -v Verbose ++Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Renew lease ++ USR2 Release lease</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="udhcpc6">udhcpc6</h2> ++ ++<p>udhcpc6 [-fbqvR] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC|-n] [-i IFACE] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-mldo] [-r IPv6] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]...</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -p FILE Create pidfile ++ -s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default6.script) ++ -t N Send up to N discover packets ++ -T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++ -A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++ -b Background if lease is not obtained ++ -n Exit if lease is not obtained ++ -q Exit after obtaining lease ++ -R Release IP on exit ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -m Send multicast renew requests rather than unicast ones ++ -l Send 'information request' instead of 'solicit' ++ (used for servers which do not assign IPv6 addresses) ++ -r IPv6 Request this address ('no' to not request any IP) ++ -d Request prefix ++ -o Don't request any options (unless -O is given) ++ -O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++ -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++ Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++ -x hostname:bbox - option 12 ++ -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) ++ -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) ++ -x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted) ++ -v Verbose ++Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Renew lease ++ USR2 Release lease</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="udhcpd">udhcpd</h2> ++ ++<p>udhcpd [-fS] [-I ADDR] [-a MSEC] [CONFFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>DHCP server</p> ++ ++<pre><code> -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -I ADDR Local address ++ -a MSEC Timeout for ARP ping (default 2000) ++Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Update lease file</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="udpsvd">udpsvd</h2> ++ ++<p>udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG</p> ++ ++<p>Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets. Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same peer ip:port to it.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++PROG ARGS Program to run ++-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++-E Don't set up environment ++-h Look up peer's hostname ++-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Environment if no -E: PROTO='UDP' UDPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' for IPv6) UDPLOCALADDR='ip:port' If -h: UDPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is used if specified) UDPREMOTEHOST='hostname'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="uevent">uevent</h2> ++ ++<p>uevent [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>uevent runs PROG for every netlink notification. PROG's environment contains data passed from the kernel. Typical usage (daemon for dynamic device node creation): # uevent mdev & mdev -s</p> ++ ++<h2 id="umount">umount</h2> ++ ++<p>umount [-rlfda] [-t FSTYPE] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY</p> ++ ++<p>Unmount filesystems</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Unmount all filesystems ++-r Remount devices read-only if mount is busy ++-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) ++-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) ++-d Free loop device if it has been used ++-t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="uname">uname</h2> ++ ++<p>uname [-amnrspvio]</p> ++ ++<p>Print system information</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Print all ++-m Machine (hardware) type ++-n Hostname ++-r Kernel release ++-s Kernel name (default) ++-p Processor type ++-v Kernel version ++-i Hardware platform ++-o OS name</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unexpand">unexpand</h2> ++ ++<p>unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Convert all blanks ++-f Convert only leading blanks ++-t N Tabstops every N chars</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="uniq">uniq</h2> ++ ++<p>uniq [-cduiz] [-f,s,w N] [FILE [OUTFILE]]</p> ++ ++<p>Discard duplicate lines</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences ++-d Only print duplicate lines ++-u Only print unique lines ++-i Ignore case ++-z NUL terminated output ++-f N Skip first N fields ++-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) ++-w N Compare N characters in line</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unix2dos">unix2dos</h2> ++ ++<p>unix2dos [-ud] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-u dos2unix ++-d unix2dos</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unlink">unlink</h2> ++ ++<p>unlink FILE</p> ++ ++<p>Delete FILE by calling unlink()</p> ++ ++<h2 id="unlzma">unlzma</h2> ++ ++<p>unlzma [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unshare">unshare</h2> ++ ++<p>unshare [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m,--mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace ++-u,--uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.) ++-i,--ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace ++-n,--net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace ++-p,--pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace ++-U,--user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace ++-f Fork before execing PROG ++-r Map current user to root (implies -U) ++--mount-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies -m) ++--propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged ++ Modify mount propagation in mount namespace ++--setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unxz">unxz</h2> ++ ++<p>unxz [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="unzip">unzip</h2> ++ ++<p>unzip [-lnojpqK] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [-x FILE]... [-d DIR]</p> ++ ++<p>Extract FILEs from ZIP archive</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-l List contents (with -q for short form) ++-n Never overwrite files (default: ask) ++-o Overwrite ++-j Do not restore paths ++-p Write to stdout ++-t Test ++-q Quiet ++-K Do not clear SUID bit ++-x FILE Exclude FILEs ++-d DIR Extract into DIR</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="uptime">uptime</h2> ++ ++<p>uptime</p> ++ ++<p>Display the time since the last boot</p> ++ ++<h2 id="users">users</h2> ++ ++<p>users</p> ++ ++<p>Print the users currently logged on</p> ++ ++<h2 id="usleep">usleep</h2> ++ ++<p>usleep N</p> ++ ++<p>Pause for N microseconds</p> ++ ++<h2 id="uudecode">uudecode</h2> ++ ++<p>uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Uudecode a file Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless -o is given</p> ++ ++<h2 id="uuencode">uuencode</h2> ++ ++<p>uuencode [-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME</p> ++ ++<p>Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="uuidgen">uuidgen</h2> ++ ++<p>uuidgen</p> ++ ++<p>Generate a random UUID</p> ++ ++<h2 id="vconfig">vconfig</h2> ++ ++<p>vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]</p> ++ ++<p>Create and remove virtual ethernet devices</p> ++ ++<pre><code>add IFACE VLAN_ID ++rem VLAN_NAME ++set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS ++set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++set_name_type NAME_TYPE</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="vi">vi</h2> ++ ++<p>vi [-c CMD] [-R] [-H] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Edit FILE</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT and ~/.exrc also available) ++-R Read-only ++-H List available features</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="vlock">vlock</h2> ++ ++<p>vlock [-a]</p> ++ ++<p>Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Lock all VTs</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="vmstat">vmstat</h2> ++ ++<p>vmstat [-n] [INTERVAL [COUNT]]</p> ++ ++<p>Show virtual memory statistics</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n Show header once</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="volname">volname</h2> ++ ++<p>volname [DEVICE]</p> ++ ++<p>Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)</p> ++ ++<h2 id="w">w</h2> ++ ++<p>w</p> ++ ++<p>Show who is logged on</p> ++ ++<h2 id="wall">wall</h2> ++ ++<p>wall [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Write content of FILE or stdin to all logged-in users</p> ++ ++<h2 id="watch">watch</h2> ++ ++<p>watch [-n SEC] [-tx] PROG ARGS</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG periodically</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-n SEC Period (default 2) ++-t Don't print header ++-x exec(PROG,ARGS) instead of sh -c 'PROG ARGS'</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="watchdog">watchdog</h2> ++ ++<p>watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV</p> ++ ++<p>Periodically write to watchdog device DEV</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) ++-t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) ++-F Run in foreground</code></pre> ++ ++<p>Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds</p> ++ ++<h2 id="wc">wc</h2> ++ ++<p>wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Count lines, words, and bytes for FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-c Count bytes ++-m Count characters ++-l Count newlines ++-w Count words ++-L Print longest line length</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="wget">wget</h2> ++ ++<p>wget [-cqS] [--spider] [-O FILE] [-o LOGFILE] [--header STR] [--post-data STR | --post-file FILE] [-Y on/off] [--no-check-certificate] [-P DIR] [-U AGENT] [-T SEC] URL...</p> ++ ++<p>Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP</p> ++ ++<pre><code>--spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists ++--header STR Add STR (of form 'header: value') to headers ++--post-data STR Send STR using POST method ++--post-file FILE Send FILE using POST method ++--no-check-certificate Don't validate the server's certificate ++-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer ++-q Quiet ++-P DIR Save to DIR (default .) ++-S Show server response ++-T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds ++-O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout) ++-o LOGFILE Log messages to FILE ++-U STR Use STR for User-Agent header ++-Y on/off Use proxy</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="which">which</h2> ++ ++<p>which [-a] COMMAND...</p> ++ ++<p>Locate COMMAND</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Show all matches</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="who">who</h2> ++ ++<p>who [-aH]</p> ++ ++<p>Show who is logged on</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-a Show all ++-H Print column headers</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="whoami">whoami</h2> ++ ++<p>whoami</p> ++ ++<p>Print the user name associated with the current effective user id</p> ++ ++<h2 id="whois">whois</h2> ++ ++<p>whois [-i] [-h SERVER] [-p PORT] NAME...</p> ++ ++<p>Query WHOIS info about NAME</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-i Show redirect results too ++-h,-p Server to query</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="xargs">xargs</h2> ++ ++<p>xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]</p> ++ ++<p>Run PROG on every item given by stdin</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-0 NUL terminated input ++-a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++-o Reopen stdin as /dev/tty ++-r Don't run command if input is empty ++-t Print the command on stderr before execution ++-p Ask user whether to run each command ++-E STR,-e[STR] STR stops input processing ++-I STR Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line ++-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG ++-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes ++-P N Run up to N PROGs in parallel ++-x Exit if size is exceeded</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="xxd">xxd</h2> ++ ++<p>xxd [-ri] [-ps] [-g N] [-c N] [-l LEN] [-s OFS] [-o OFS] [FILE]</p> ++ ++<p>Hex dump FILE (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-g N Bytes per group (default 2) ++-c N Bytes per line (default:16, -ps:30, -i:12) ++-ps Show only hex bytes (no offset/spaces) ++-i C include file style ++-l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes ++-o OFFSET Add OFFSET to displayed offset ++-r Reverse (with -p, assumes no offsets in input)</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="xz">xz</h2> ++ ++<p>xz -d [-cfk] [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress FILEs (or stdin)</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-d Decompress ++-c Write to stdout ++-f Force ++-k Keep input files ++-t Test integrity</code></pre> ++ ++<h2 id="xzcat">xzcat</h2> ++ ++<p>xzcat [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="yes">yes</h2> ++ ++<p>yes [STRING]</p> ++ ++<p>Repeatedly print a line with STRING, or 'y'</p> ++ ++<h2 id="zcat">zcat</h2> ++ ++<p>zcat [FILE]...</p> ++ ++<p>Decompress to stdout</p> ++ ++<h2 id="zcip">zcip</h2> ++ ++<p>zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT</p> ++ ++<p>Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address</p> ++ ++<pre><code>-f Run in foreground ++-q Quit after obtaining address ++-r 169.254.x.x Request this address first ++-l x.x.0.0 Use this range instead of 169.254 ++-v Verbose</code></pre> ++ ++<p>$LOGGING=none Suppress logging $LOGGING=syslog Log to syslog</p> ++ ++<p>With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits only on I/O errors (link down etc)</p> ++ ++<h1 id="LIBC-NSS">LIBC NSS</h1> ++ ++<p>GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.</p> ++ ++<p>If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.</p> ++ ++<p>When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).</p> ++ ++<p>Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.</p> ++ ++<h1 id="MAINTAINER">MAINTAINER</h1> ++ ++<p>Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com></p> ++ ++<h1 id="AUTHORS">AUTHORS</h1> ++ ++<p>The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.</p> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it></p> ++ ++<pre><code>run-parts</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the ++core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. ++Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that ++nobody is going to actually read.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk></p> ++ ++<pre><code>rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>ftpput, ftpget</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Edward Betts <edward@debian.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>expr, hostid, logname, whoami</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>du, nslookup, sort</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>tiny-ls(ls)</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>fbset, ping, hostname</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, ++various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net></p> ++ ++<pre><code>ipcalc</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se></p> ++ ++<pre><code>tftp client insmod powerpc support</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov></p> ++ ++<pre><code>pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>httpd</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, ++logread), various fixes.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>mktemp.c</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu></p> ++ ++<pre><code>documentation, bugfixes, test suite</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net></p> ++ ++<pre><code>ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>tr</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, ++nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. ++Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, ++mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, ++get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines ++ ++also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in ++ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, ++mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, ++interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru></p> ++ ++<pre><code>cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); ++ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; ++locale, various fixes ++and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can ++still be found hiding here and there...</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>bug fixes, member of fan club</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Lots of bugs fixes and patches.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>Remote logging feature for syslogd</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), ++style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>gzip, mini-netcat(nc)</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es></p> ++ ++<pre><code>tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it></p> ++ ++<pre><code>devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us></p> ++ ++<pre><code>vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name></p> ++ ++<pre><code>port: dnsd</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>misc</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org></p> ++ ++<pre><code>initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc</code></pre> ++ ++<br> ++ ++<p>Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com></p> ++ ++<pre><code>fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)</code></pre> ++ ++ ++</body> ++ ++</html> ++ ++ +diff --color -ruN busybox-1.38.0/docs/busybox.pod modified-busybox/docs/busybox.pod +--- busybox-1.38.0/docs/busybox.pod 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 ++++ modified-busybox/docs/busybox.pod 2026-06-04 00:42:45.257846517 +0200 +@@ -0,0 +1,5250 @@ ++# vi: set sw=4 ts=4: ++ ++=head1 NAME ++ ++BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux ++ ++=head1 SYNTAX ++ ++ busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or ++ ++ <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked ++ ++=head1 DESCRIPTION ++ ++BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single ++small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities ++you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox ++generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the ++options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very ++much like their GNU counterparts. ++ ++BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. ++It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or ++features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded ++systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. ++BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded ++system. ++ ++BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the ++components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make ++menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run ++'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration. ++ ++After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install ++BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory ++specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, ++or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a ++command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled ++any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will ++also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX. ++ ++=head1 USAGE ++ ++BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program ++that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there ++is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large ++number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in ++utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common ++operations. ++ ++You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the ++command line. For example, entering ++ ++ /bin/busybox ls ++ ++will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. ++ ++Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most ++people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary. ++ ++For example, entering ++ ++ ln -s /bin/busybox ls ++ ./ls ++ ++will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled ++into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these ++links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run ++the 'make install' command. ++ ++If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the ++applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary. ++ ++=head1 COMMON OPTIONS ++ ++Most BusyBox applets support the B<--help> argument to provide a terse runtime ++description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has ++been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available. ++ ++=head1 COMMANDS ++ ++Currently available applets include: ++ ++C<[>, C<[[>, L<C<acpid>|/"acpid">, L<C<add-shell>|/"add-shell">, L<C<addgroup>|/"addgroup">, L<C<adduser>|/"adduser">, L<C<adjtimex>|/"adjtimex">, L<C<arch>|/"arch">, L<C<arp>|/"arp">, ++L<C<arping>|/"arping">, C<ascii>, L<C<ash>|/"ash">, L<C<awk>|/"awk">, L<C<base32>|/"base32">, L<C<base64>|/"base64">, L<C<basename>|/"basename">, L<C<bc>|/"bc">, L<C<beep>|/"beep">, ++L<C<blkdiscard>|/"blkdiscard">, L<C<blkid>|/"blkid">, L<C<blockdev>|/"blockdev">, L<C<bootchartd>|/"bootchartd">, L<C<brctl>|/"brctl">, L<C<bunzip2>|/"bunzip2">, L<C<bzcat>|/"bzcat">, ++L<C<bzip2>|/"bzip2">, L<C<cal>|/"cal">, L<C<cat>|/"cat">, L<C<chat>|/"chat">, L<C<chattr>|/"chattr">, L<C<chgrp>|/"chgrp">, L<C<chmod>|/"chmod">, L<C<chown>|/"chown">, L<C<chpasswd>|/"chpasswd">, L<C<chpst>|/"chpst">, ++L<C<chroot>|/"chroot">, L<C<chrt>|/"chrt">, L<C<chvt>|/"chvt">, L<C<cksum>|/"cksum">, L<C<clear>|/"clear">, L<C<cmp>|/"cmp">, L<C<comm>|/"comm">, L<C<conspy>|/"conspy">, L<C<cp>|/"cp">, L<C<cpio>|/"cpio">, ++L<C<crc32>|/"crc32">, L<C<crond>|/"crond">, L<C<crontab>|/"crontab">, L<C<cryptpw>|/"cryptpw">, L<C<cttyhack>|/"cttyhack">, L<C<cut>|/"cut">, L<C<date>|/"date">, L<C<dc>|/"dc">, L<C<dd>|/"dd">, ++L<C<deallocvt>|/"deallocvt">, L<C<delgroup>|/"delgroup">, L<C<deluser>|/"deluser">, L<C<depmod>|/"depmod">, L<C<devmem>|/"devmem">, L<C<df>|/"df">, L<C<dhcprelay>|/"dhcprelay">, L<C<diff>|/"diff">, ++L<C<dirname>|/"dirname">, L<C<dmesg>|/"dmesg">, L<C<dnsd>|/"dnsd">, C<dnsdomainname>, L<C<dos2unix>|/"dos2unix">, L<C<dpkg>|/"dpkg">, L<C<dpkg-deb>|/"dpkg-deb">, L<C<du>|/"du">, ++L<C<dumpkmap>|/"dumpkmap">, L<C<dumpleases>|/"dumpleases">, L<C<echo>|/"echo">, L<C<ed>|/"ed">, C<egrep>, L<C<eject>|/"eject">, L<C<env>|/"env">, L<C<envdir>|/"envdir">, ++L<C<envuidgid>|/"envuidgid">, L<C<ether-wake>|/"ether-wake">, L<C<expand>|/"expand">, L<C<expr>|/"expr">, L<C<factor>|/"factor">, L<C<fakeidentd>|/"fakeidentd">, L<C<fallocate>|/"fallocate">, ++C<false>, L<C<fatattr>|/"fatattr">, L<C<fbset>|/"fbset">, L<C<fbsplash>|/"fbsplash">, L<C<fdflush>|/"fdflush">, L<C<fdformat>|/"fdformat">, L<C<fdisk>|/"fdisk">, ++L<C<fgconsole>|/"fgconsole">, C<fgrep>, L<C<find>|/"find">, L<C<findfs>|/"findfs">, L<C<flock>|/"flock">, L<C<fold>|/"fold">, L<C<free>|/"free">, L<C<freeramdisk>|/"freeramdisk">, ++L<C<fsck>|/"fsck">, L<C<fsck.minix>|/"fsck.minix">, L<C<fsfreeze>|/"fsfreeze">, L<C<fstrim>|/"fstrim">, L<C<fsync>|/"fsync">, L<C<ftpd>|/"ftpd">, L<C<ftpget>|/"ftpget">, L<C<ftpput>|/"ftpput">, ++L<C<fuser>|/"fuser">, L<C<getfattr>|/"getfattr">, L<C<getopt>|/"getopt">, L<C<getty>|/"getty">, L<C<grep>|/"grep">, L<C<groups>|/"groups">, L<C<gunzip>|/"gunzip">, L<C<gzip>|/"gzip">, L<C<halt>|/"halt">, ++L<C<hd>|/"hd">, L<C<hdparm>|/"hdparm">, L<C<head>|/"head">, L<C<hexdump>|/"hexdump">, L<C<hexedit>|/"hexedit">, L<C<hostid>|/"hostid">, L<C<hostname>|/"hostname">, L<C<httpd>|/"httpd">, L<C<hush>|/"hush">, ++L<C<hwclock>|/"hwclock">, L<C<i2cdetect>|/"i2cdetect">, L<C<i2cdump>|/"i2cdump">, L<C<i2cget>|/"i2cget">, L<C<i2cset>|/"i2cset">, L<C<i2ctransfer>|/"i2ctransfer">, L<C<id>|/"id">, ++L<C<ifconfig>|/"ifconfig">, L<C<ifdown>|/"ifdown">, L<C<ifenslave>|/"ifenslave">, L<C<ifplugd>|/"ifplugd">, L<C<ifup>|/"ifup">, L<C<inetd>|/"inetd">, L<C<init>|/"init">, L<C<insmod>|/"insmod">, ++L<C<install>|/"install">, L<C<ionice>|/"ionice">, L<C<iostat>|/"iostat">, L<C<ip>|/"ip">, L<C<ipaddr>|/"ipaddr">, L<C<ipcalc>|/"ipcalc">, L<C<ipcrm>|/"ipcrm">, L<C<ipcs>|/"ipcs">, L<C<iplink>|/"iplink">, ++L<C<ipneigh>|/"ipneigh">, L<C<iproute>|/"iproute">, L<C<iprule>|/"iprule">, L<C<iptunnel>|/"iptunnel">, L<C<kbd_mode>|/"kbd_mode">, L<C<kill>|/"kill">, L<C<killall>|/"killall">, ++L<C<killall5>|/"killall5">, L<C<klogd>|/"klogd">, L<C<last>|/"last">, L<C<less>|/"less">, L<C<link>|/"link">, C<linux32>, C<linux64>, C<linuxrc>, L<C<ln>|/"ln">, ++L<C<loadfont>|/"loadfont">, L<C<loadkmap>|/"loadkmap">, L<C<logger>|/"logger">, L<C<login>|/"login">, L<C<logname>|/"logname">, L<C<logread>|/"logread">, L<C<losetup>|/"losetup">, L<C<lpd>|/"lpd">, ++L<C<lpq>|/"lpq">, L<C<lpr>|/"lpr">, L<C<ls>|/"ls">, L<C<lsattr>|/"lsattr">, L<C<lsblk>|/"lsblk">, L<C<lsmod>|/"lsmod">, L<C<lsof>|/"lsof">, L<C<lspci>|/"lspci">, C<lsscsi>, C<lsusb>, ++L<C<lzcat>|/"lzcat">, L<C<lzma>|/"lzma">, L<C<lzop>|/"lzop">, L<C<makedevs>|/"makedevs">, L<C<makemime>|/"makemime">, L<C<man>|/"man">, L<C<md5sum>|/"md5sum">, L<C<mdev>|/"mdev">, L<C<mesg>|/"mesg">, ++L<C<microcom>|/"microcom">, L<C<mim>|/"mim">, L<C<mkdir>|/"mkdir">, L<C<mkdosfs>|/"mkdosfs">, L<C<mke2fs>|/"mke2fs">, L<C<mkfifo>|/"mkfifo">, L<C<mkfs.ext2>|/"mkfs.ext2">, ++L<C<mkfs.minix>|/"mkfs.minix">, L<C<mkfs.vfat>|/"mkfs.vfat">, L<C<mknod>|/"mknod">, L<C<mkpasswd>|/"mkpasswd">, L<C<mkswap>|/"mkswap">, L<C<mktemp>|/"mktemp">, L<C<modinfo>|/"modinfo">, ++L<C<modprobe>|/"modprobe">, L<C<more>|/"more">, L<C<mount>|/"mount">, L<C<mountpoint>|/"mountpoint">, L<C<mpstat>|/"mpstat">, L<C<mt>|/"mt">, L<C<mv>|/"mv">, L<C<nameif>|/"nameif">, L<C<nanddump>|/"nanddump">, ++L<C<nandwrite>|/"nandwrite">, L<C<nbd-client>|/"nbd-client">, L<C<nc>|/"nc">, L<C<netstat>|/"netstat">, L<C<nice>|/"nice">, L<C<nl>|/"nl">, L<C<nmeter>|/"nmeter">, L<C<nohup>|/"nohup">, ++L<C<nologin>|/"nologin">, L<C<nproc>|/"nproc">, L<C<nsenter>|/"nsenter">, L<C<nslookup>|/"nslookup">, L<C<ntpd>|/"ntpd">, L<C<od>|/"od">, L<C<openvt>|/"openvt">, L<C<partprobe>|/"partprobe">, ++L<C<passwd>|/"passwd">, L<C<paste>|/"paste">, L<C<patch>|/"patch">, L<C<pgrep>|/"pgrep">, L<C<pidof>|/"pidof">, L<C<ping>|/"ping">, L<C<ping6>|/"ping6">, C<pipe_progress>, ++L<C<pivot_root>|/"pivot_root">, L<C<pkill>|/"pkill">, L<C<pmap>|/"pmap">, L<C<popmaildir>|/"popmaildir">, L<C<poweroff>|/"poweroff">, L<C<powertop>|/"powertop">, L<C<printenv>|/"printenv">, ++L<C<printf>|/"printf">, L<C<ps>|/"ps">, L<C<pscan>|/"pscan">, L<C<pstree>|/"pstree">, L<C<pwd>|/"pwd">, L<C<pwdx>|/"pwdx">, L<C<raidautorun>|/"raidautorun">, L<C<rdate>|/"rdate">, L<C<rdev>|/"rdev">, ++L<C<readahead>|/"readahead">, L<C<readlink>|/"readlink">, L<C<readprofile>|/"readprofile">, L<C<realpath>|/"realpath">, L<C<reboot>|/"reboot">, L<C<reformime>|/"reformime">, ++L<C<remove-shell>|/"remove-shell">, L<C<renice>|/"renice">, L<C<reset>|/"reset">, L<C<resize>|/"resize">, L<C<resume>|/"resume">, L<C<rev>|/"rev">, L<C<rm>|/"rm">, L<C<rmdir>|/"rmdir">, L<C<rmmod>|/"rmmod">, ++L<C<route>|/"route">, L<C<rpm>|/"rpm">, L<C<rpm2cpio>|/"rpm2cpio">, L<C<rtcwake>|/"rtcwake">, L<C<run-init>|/"run-init">, L<C<run-parts>|/"run-parts">, L<C<runlevel>|/"runlevel">, L<C<runsv>|/"runsv">, ++L<C<runsvdir>|/"runsvdir">, L<C<rx>|/"rx">, L<C<script>|/"script">, L<C<scriptreplay>|/"scriptreplay">, L<C<sed>|/"sed">, L<C<seedrng>|/"seedrng">, L<C<sendmail>|/"sendmail">, L<C<seq>|/"seq">, ++L<C<setarch>|/"setarch">, L<C<setconsole>|/"setconsole">, L<C<setfattr>|/"setfattr">, L<C<setfont>|/"setfont">, L<C<setkeycodes>|/"setkeycodes">, L<C<setlogcons>|/"setlogcons">, ++L<C<setpriv>|/"setpriv">, L<C<setserial>|/"setserial">, L<C<setsid>|/"setsid">, L<C<setuidgid>|/"setuidgid">, L<C<sh>|/"sh">, L<C<sha1sum>|/"sha1sum">, L<C<sha256sum>|/"sha256sum">, ++L<C<sha384sum>|/"sha384sum">, L<C<sha3sum>|/"sha3sum">, L<C<sha512sum>|/"sha512sum">, L<C<showkey>|/"showkey">, L<C<shred>|/"shred">, L<C<shuf>|/"shuf">, L<C<slattach>|/"slattach">, ++L<C<sleep>|/"sleep">, L<C<smemcap>|/"smemcap">, L<C<softlimit>|/"softlimit">, L<C<sort>|/"sort">, L<C<split>|/"split">, L<C<ssl_client>|/"ssl_client">, L<C<ssl_server>|/"ssl_server">, ++L<C<start-stop-daemon>|/"start-stop-daemon">, L<C<stat>|/"stat">, L<C<strings>|/"strings">, L<C<stty>|/"stty">, L<C<su>|/"su">, L<C<sulogin>|/"sulogin">, L<C<sum>|/"sum">, L<C<sv>|/"sv">, L<C<svc>|/"svc">, ++L<C<svlogd>|/"svlogd">, L<C<svok>|/"svok">, L<C<swapoff>|/"swapoff">, L<C<swapon>|/"swapon">, L<C<switch_root>|/"switch_root">, L<C<sync>|/"sync">, L<C<sysctl>|/"sysctl">, L<C<syslogd>|/"syslogd">, ++L<C<tac>|/"tac">, L<C<tail>|/"tail">, L<C<tar>|/"tar">, L<C<taskset>|/"taskset">, L<C<tc>|/"tc">, L<C<tcpsvd>|/"tcpsvd">, L<C<tee>|/"tee">, L<C<telnet>|/"telnet">, L<C<telnetd>|/"telnetd">, C<test>, ++L<C<tftp>|/"tftp">, L<C<tftpd>|/"tftpd">, L<C<time>|/"time">, L<C<timeout>|/"timeout">, L<C<top>|/"top">, L<C<touch>|/"touch">, L<C<tr>|/"tr">, L<C<traceroute>|/"traceroute">, L<C<traceroute6>|/"traceroute6">, ++C<tree>, C<true>, L<C<truncate>|/"truncate">, L<C<ts>|/"ts">, L<C<tsort>|/"tsort">, L<C<tty>|/"tty">, L<C<ttysize>|/"ttysize">, L<C<tunctl>|/"tunctl">, L<C<ubiattach>|/"ubiattach">, ++L<C<ubidetach>|/"ubidetach">, L<C<ubimkvol>|/"ubimkvol">, L<C<ubirename>|/"ubirename">, L<C<ubirmvol>|/"ubirmvol">, L<C<ubirsvol>|/"ubirsvol">, L<C<ubiupdatevol>|/"ubiupdatevol">, ++L<C<udhcpc>|/"udhcpc">, L<C<udhcpc6>|/"udhcpc6">, L<C<udhcpd>|/"udhcpd">, L<C<udpsvd>|/"udpsvd">, L<C<uevent>|/"uevent">, L<C<umount>|/"umount">, L<C<uname>|/"uname">, L<C<unexpand>|/"unexpand">, ++L<C<uniq>|/"uniq">, L<C<unix2dos>|/"unix2dos">, L<C<unlink>|/"unlink">, L<C<unlzma>|/"unlzma">, L<C<unshare>|/"unshare">, L<C<unxz>|/"unxz">, L<C<unzip>|/"unzip">, L<C<uptime>|/"uptime">, L<C<users>|/"users">, ++L<C<usleep>|/"usleep">, L<C<uudecode>|/"uudecode">, L<C<uuencode>|/"uuencode">, L<C<uuidgen>|/"uuidgen">, L<C<vconfig>|/"vconfig">, L<C<vi>|/"vi">, L<C<vlock>|/"vlock">, L<C<vmstat>|/"vmstat">, ++L<C<volname>|/"volname">, L<C<w>|/"w">, L<C<wall>|/"wall">, L<C<watch>|/"watch">, L<C<watchdog>|/"watchdog">, L<C<wc>|/"wc">, L<C<wget>|/"wget">, L<C<which>|/"which">, L<C<who>|/"who">, L<C<whoami>|/"whoami">, ++L<C<whois>|/"whois">, L<C<xargs>|/"xargs">, L<C<xxd>|/"xxd">, L<C<xz>|/"xz">, L<C<xzcat>|/"xzcat">, L<C<yes>|/"yes">, L<C<zcat>|/"zcat">, L<C<zcip>|/"zcip"> ++ ++=head1 COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS ++ ++=head2 acpid ++ ++acpid [-df] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-a ACTIONFILE] [-M MAPFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [-p PIDFILE] ++ ++Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival ++ ++ -d Log to stderr, not log file (implies -f) ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] ++ -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] ++ -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log] ++ -p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid] ++ -a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf] ++ -M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map] ++ ++Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v ++ ++=head2 add-shell ++ ++add-shell SHELL... ++ ++Add SHELLs to /etc/shells ++ ++=head2 addgroup ++ ++addgroup [-g GID] [-S] [USER] GROUP ++ ++Add a group or add a user to a group ++ ++ -g GID Group id ++ -S Create a system group ++ ++=head2 adduser ++ ++adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP] ++ ++Create new user, or add USER to GROUP ++ ++ -h DIR Home directory ++ -g GECOS GECOS field ++ -s SHELL Login shell ++ -G GRP Group ++ -S Create a system user ++ -D Don't assign a password ++ -H Don't create home directory ++ -u UID User id ++ -k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel) ++ ++=head2 adjtimex ++ ++adjtimex [-q] [-o OFS] [-f FREQ] [-p TCONST] [-t TICK] ++ ++Read or set kernel time variables. See adjtimex(2) ++ ++ -q Quiet ++ -o OFF Time offset, microseconds ++ -f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) ++ -t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 ++ (positive -t or -f values make clock run faster) ++ -p TCONST ++ ++=head2 arch ++ ++arch ++ ++Print system architecture ++ ++=head2 arp ++ ++arp ++[-vn] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -a [HOSTNAME] ++[-v] [-i IF] -d HOSTNAME [pub] ++[-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [temp] ++[-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask MASK] pub ++[-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask MASK] pub ++ ++Manipulate ARP cache ++ ++ -a Display (all) hosts ++ -d Delete ARP entry ++ -s Set new entry ++ -v Verbose ++ -n Don't resolve names ++ -i IF Network interface ++ -D Read HWADDR from IFACE ++ -A,-p AF Protocol family ++ -H HWTYPE Hardware address type ++ ++=head2 arping ++ ++arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP] DST_IP ++ ++Send ARP requests/replies ++ ++ -f Quit on first ARP reply ++ -q Quiet ++ -b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast ++ -D Exit with 1 if DST_IP replies ++ -U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors ++ -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors ++ -c N Stop after sending N ARP requests ++ -w TIMEOUT Seconds to wait for ARP reply ++ -I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -s SRC_IP Sender IP address ++ DST_IP Target IP address ++ ++=head2 ash ++ ++ash [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS] ++ ++Unix shell interpreter ++ ++=head2 awk ++ ++awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]... ++ ++ -v VAR=VAL Set variable ++ -F SEP Use SEP as field separator ++ -f/-E FILE Read program from FILE ++ -e AWK_PROGRAM ++ ++=head2 base32 ++ ++base32 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE] ++ ++Base32 encode or decode FILE to standard output ++ ++ -d Decode data ++ -w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables) ++ ++=head2 base64 ++ ++base64 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE] ++ ++Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output ++ ++ -d Decode data ++ -w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables) ++ ++=head2 basename ++ ++basename FILE [SUFFIX] | -a FILE... | -s SUFFIX FILE... ++ ++Strip directory path and SUFFIX from FILE ++ ++ -a All arguments are FILEs ++ -s SUFFIX Remove SUFFIX (implies -a) ++ ++=head2 bc ++ ++bc [-sqlw] [FILE]... ++ ++Arbitrary precision calculator ++ ++ -q Quiet ++ -l Load standard library ++ -s Be POSIX compatible ++ -w Warn if extensions are used ++ ++$BC_LINE_LENGTH changes output width ++ ++=head2 beep ++ ++beep -f FREQ -l LEN -d DELAY -r COUNT -n ++ ++ -f Frequency in Hz ++ -l Length in ms ++ -d Delay in ms ++ -r Repetitions ++ -n Start new tone ++ ++=head2 blkdiscard ++ ++blkdiscard [-o OFS] [-l LEN] [-s] DEVICE ++ ++Discard sectors on DEVICE ++ ++ -o OFS Byte offset into device ++ -l LEN Number of bytes to discard ++ -s Perform a secure discard ++ ++=head2 blkid ++ ++blkid [BLOCKDEV]... ++ ++Print UUIDs of all filesystems ++ ++=head2 blockdev ++ ++blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV ++ ++ --setro Set ro ++ --setrw Set rw ++ --getro Get ro ++ --getss Get sector size ++ --getbsz Get block size ++ --setbsz BYTES Set block size ++ --getsz Get device size in 512-byte sectors ++ --getsize64 Get device size in bytes ++ --getra Get readahead in 512-byte sectors ++ --setra SECTORS Set readahead ++ --flushbufs Flush buffers ++ --rereadpt Reread partition table ++ ++=head2 bootchartd ++ ++bootchartd start [PROG ARGS]|stop|init ++ ++Create /var/log/bootchart.tgz with boot chart data ++ ++start: start background logging; with PROG, run PROG, then kill logging with USR1 ++stop: send USR1 to all bootchartd processes ++init: start background logging; stop when getty/xdm is seen (for init scripts) ++Under PID 1: as init, then exec $bootchart_init, /init, /sbin/init ++ ++=head2 brctl ++ ++brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [ARGS]] ++ ++Manage ethernet bridges ++Commands: ++ ++ show [BRIDGE]... Show bridges ++ addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE ++ delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE ++ addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE ++ delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE ++ showmacs BRIDGE List MAC addresses ++ showstp BRIDGE Show STP info ++ stp BRIDGE 1/yes/on|0/no/off Set STP on/off ++ setageing BRIDGE SECONDS Set ageing time ++ setfd BRIDGE SECONDS Set bridge forward delay ++ sethello BRIDGE SECONDS Set hello time ++ setmaxage BRIDGE SECONDS Set max message age ++ setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority ++ setportprio BRIDGE IFACE PRIO Set port priority ++ setpathcost BRIDGE IFACE COST Set path cost ++ ++=head2 bunzip2 ++ ++bunzip2 [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++=head2 bzcat ++ ++bzcat [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress to stdout ++ ++=head2 bzip2 ++ ++bzip2 [-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]... ++ ++Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm ++ ++ -1..9 Compression level ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++=head2 cal ++ ++cal [-jmy] [[MONTH] YEAR] ++ ++Display a calendar ++ ++ -j Use julian dates ++ -m Week starts on Monday ++ -y Display the entire year ++ ++=head2 cat ++ ++cat [-nbvteA] [FILE]... ++ ++Print FILEs to stdout ++ ++ -n Number output lines ++ -b Number nonempty lines ++ -v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x ++ -t ...and tabs as ^I ++ -e ...and end lines with $ ++ -A Same as -vte ++ ++=head2 chat ++ ++chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND]]...] ++ ++Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. ++A script consists of "expect-send" argument pairs. ++Example: ++ ++chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~' ++ ++=head2 chattr ++ ++chattr [-R] [-v VERSION] [-p PROJID] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] FILE... ++ ++Change ext2 file attributes ++ ++ -R Recurse ++ -v NUM Set version/generation number ++ -p NUM Set project number ++Modifiers: ++ ++ -,+,= Remove/add/set attributes ++Attributes: ++ ++ A No atime ++ a Append only ++ C No copy-on-write ++ c Compressed ++ D Synchronous dir updates ++ d Don't backup with dump ++ E Encrypted ++ e File uses extents ++ F Case-insensitive dir ++ I Indexed dir ++ i Immutable ++ j Write data to journal first ++ N File is stored in inode ++ P Hierarchical project ID dir ++ S Synchronous file updates ++ s Zero storage when deleted ++ T Top of dir hierarchy ++ t Don't tail-merge with other files ++ u Allow undelete ++ V Verity ++ ++=head2 chgrp ++ ++chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE... ++ ++Change the group membership of FILEs to GROUP ++ ++ -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++ -L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++ -H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++ -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) ++ -R Recurse ++ -c List changed files ++ -v Verbose ++ -f Hide errors ++ ++=head2 chmod ++ ++chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... ++ ++MODE is octal number (bit pattern sstrwxrwxrwx) or [ugoa]{+|-|=}[rwxXst] ++ ++ -R Recurse ++ -c List changed files ++ -v Verbose ++ -f Hide errors ++ ++=head2 chown ++ ++chown [-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[GRP]] FILE... ++ ++Change the owner and/or group of FILEs to USER and/or GRP ++ ++ -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets ++ -L Traverse all symlinks to directories ++ -H Traverse symlinks on command line only ++ -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) ++ -R Recurse ++ -c List changed files ++ -v Verbose ++ -f Hide errors ++ ++=head2 chpasswd ++ ++chpasswd [-me] [-c ALG] [-R DIR] ++ ++Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd ++ ++ -e Supplied passwords are in encrypted form ++ -m Encrypt using md5, not des ++ -c ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++ -R DIR Directory to chroot into ++ ++=head2 chpst ++ ++chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] ++ [-/ DIR] [-n NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] ++ [-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] PROG ARGS ++ ++Change the process state, run PROG ++ ++ -u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid ++ -U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment ++ -e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files ++ in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file ++ -/ DIR Chroot to DIR ++ -n NICE Add NICE to nice value ++ -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES ++ -d BYTES Limit data segment ++ -o N Limit number of open files per process ++ -p N Limit number of processes per uid ++ -f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++ -c BYTES Limit core file size ++ -v Verbose ++ -P Create new process group ++ -0 Close stdin ++ -1 Close stdout ++ -2 Close stderr ++ ++=head2 chroot ++ ++chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS] ++ ++Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT ++ ++=head2 chrt ++ ++chrt -m | [-rfobi] { -p [PRIO] PID | PRIO PROG ARGS } ++ ++Change scheduling priority and class (default RR) for a process ++ ++ -m Show min/max priorities ++ -p Operate on PID ++ -r Set SCHED_RR class ++ -f Set SCHED_FIFO class ++ -o Set SCHED_OTHER class ++ -b Set SCHED_BATCH class ++ -i Set SCHED_IDLE class ++ ++=head2 chvt ++ ++chvt N ++ ++Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN ++ ++=head2 cksum ++ ++cksum FILE... ++ ++Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs ++ ++=head2 clear ++ ++clear ++ ++Clear screen ++ ++=head2 cmp ++ ++cmp [-l|s] [-n NUM] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]] ++ ++Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin) ++ ++ -l Show decimal offset and octal byte value for differing bytes, ++ don't stop on first mismatch ++ -s Quiet ++ -n NUM Compare at most NUM bytes ++ ++=head2 comm ++ ++comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2 ++ ++Compare FILE1 with FILE2 ++ ++ -1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 ++ -2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 ++ -3 Suppress lines common to both files ++ ++=head2 conspy ++ ++conspy [-vcsndfFQ] [-x COL] [-y LINE] [CONSOLE_NO] ++ ++A text-mode VNC like program for Linux virtual consoles. ++To exit, quickly press ESC 3 times. ++ ++ -v Don't send keystrokes to the console ++ -c Create missing /dev/{tty,vcsa}N ++ -s Open a SHELL session ++ -n Black & white ++ -d Dump console to stdout ++ -f Follow cursor ++ -F Assume console is on a framebuffer device ++ -Q Disable exit on ESC-ESC-ESC ++ -x COL Starting column ++ -y LINE Starting line ++ ++=head2 cp ++ ++cp [-arPLHpfinlsTu] SOURCE DEST ++or: cp [-arPLHpfinlsu] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY } ++ ++Copy SOURCEs to DEST ++ ++ -a Same as -dpR ++ -R,-r Recurse ++ -d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R) ++ -L Follow all symlinks ++ -H Follow symlinks on command line ++ -p Preserve file attributes if possible ++ -f Overwrite ++ -i Prompt before overwrite ++ -n Don't overwrite ++ -l,-s Create (sym)links ++ -T Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory ++ -t DIR Copy all SOURCEs into DIR ++ -u Copy only newer files ++ ++=head2 cpio ++ ++cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-R USER[:GRP]] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR] [EXTR_FILE]... ++ ++Extract (-i) or list (-t) files from a cpio archive on stdin, or ++take file list from stdin and create an archive (-o) or copy files (-p) ++ ++Main operation mode: ++ ++ -t List ++ -i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all) ++ -o Create (requires -H newc) ++ -p DIR Copy files to DIR ++Options: ++ ++ -H newc Archive format ++ -d Make leading directories ++ -m Restore mtime ++ -v Verbose ++ -u Overwrite ++ -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file ++ -R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files ++ -L Dereference symlinks ++ -0 NUL terminated input ++ --ignore-devno ++ --renumber-inodes ++ ++=head2 crc32 ++ ++crc32 FILE... ++ ++Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs ++ ++=head2 crond ++ ++crond [-fbS] [-l N] [-d N] [-L LOGFILE] [-c DIR] ++ ++ -f Foreground ++ -b Background (default) ++ -S Log to syslog (default) ++ -l N Set log level. Most verbose 0, default 8 ++ -d N Set log level, log to stderr ++ -L FILE Log to FILE ++ -c DIR Cron dir. Default:/var/spool/cron/crontabs ++ ++=head2 crontab ++ ++crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE] ++ ++ -c Crontab directory ++ -u User ++ -l List crontab ++ -e Edit crontab ++ -r Delete crontab ++ FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin) ++ ++=head2 cryptpw ++ ++cryptpw [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT] ++ ++Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD ++ ++ -P N Read password from fd N ++ -m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++ -S SALT ++ ++=head2 cttyhack ++ ++cttyhack [PROG ARGS] ++ ++Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. ++Example for /etc/inittab (for busybox init): ++ ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh ++Giving controlling tty to shell running with PID 1: ++ $ exec cttyhack sh ++Starting interactive shell from boot shell script: ++ ++ setsid cttyhack sh ++ ++=head2 cut ++ ++cut {-b|c LIST | -f|F LIST [-d SEP] [-s]} [-D] [-O SEP] [FILE]... ++ ++Print selected fields from FILEs to stdout ++ ++ -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST ++ -c LIST Output only characters from LIST ++ -d SEP Input field delimiter (default -f TAB, -F run of whitespace) ++ -f LIST Print only these fields (-d is single char) ++ -F LIST Print only these fields (-d is regex) ++ -s Drop lines with no delimiter (else print them in full) ++ -D Don't sort ranges; line without delimiters has one field ++ --output-delimiter SEP Output field delimeter ++ -n Ignored ++ ++=head2 date ++ ++date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [[-s] TIME] ++ ++Display time (using +FMT), or set time ++ ++ -u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) ++ [-s] TIME Set time to TIME ++ -d TIME Display TIME, not 'now' ++ -D FMT FMT (strptime format) for -s/-d TIME conversion ++ -r FILE Display last modification time of FILE ++ -R Output RFC-2822 date ++ -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 date ++ SPEC=date (default), hours, minutes, seconds or ns ++ ++Recognized TIME formats: ++ ++ @seconds_since_1970 ++ hh:mm[:ss] ++ [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] ++ YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] ++ [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss] ++ 'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead ++ ++=head2 dc ++ ++dc [-x] [-eSCRIPT]... [-fFILE]... [FILE]... ++ ++Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: ++Arithmetic: + - * / % ^ ++~ - divide with remainder ++| - modular exponentiation ++v - square root ++p - print top of the stack without popping ++f - print entire stack ++k - pop the value and set precision ++i - pop the value and set input radix ++o - pop the value and set output radix ++Examples: dc -e'2 2 + p' -> 4, dc -e'8 8 * 2 2 + / p' -> 16 ++ ++=head2 dd ++ ++dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] ++ [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] ++ [iflag=skip_bytes|count_bytes|fullblock|direct] [oflag=seek_bytes|append|direct] ++ ++Copy a file with converting and formatting ++ ++ if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++ of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout ++ bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time ++ ibs=N Read N bytes at a time ++ obs=N Write N bytes at a time ++ count=N Copy only N input blocks ++ skip=N Skip N input blocks ++ seek=N Skip N output blocks ++ conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file ++ conv=noerror Continue after read errors ++ conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros ++ conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing ++ conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes ++ iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes ++ iflag=count_bytes count=N is in bytes ++ oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes ++ iflag=direct O_DIRECT input ++ oflag=direct O_DIRECT output ++ iflag=fullblock Read full blocks ++ oflag=append Open output in append mode ++ status=noxfer Suppress rate output ++ status=none Suppress all output ++ ++N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M, GB, G ++ ++=head2 deallocvt ++ ++deallocvt [N] ++ ++Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN ++ ++=head2 delgroup ++ ++delgroup [USER] GROUP ++ ++Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP ++ ++=head2 deluser ++ ++deluser [--remove-home] USER ++ ++Delete USER from the system ++ ++=head2 depmod ++ ++depmod [-n] ++ ++Generate modules.dep.bb ++ ++ -n Dry run: print file to stdout ++ ++=head2 devmem ++ ++devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]] ++ ++Read/write from physical address ++ ++ ADDRESS Address to act upon ++ WIDTH Width (8/16/...) ++ VALUE Data to be written ++ ++=head2 df ++ ++df [-PkmhTai] [-B SIZE] [-t TYPE] [FILESYSTEM]... ++ ++Print filesystem usage statistics ++ ++ -P POSIX output format ++ -k 1024-byte blocks (default) ++ -m 1M-byte blocks ++ -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) ++ -T Print filesystem type ++ -t TYPE Print only mounts of this type ++ -a Show all filesystems ++ -i Inodes ++ -B SIZE Blocksize ++ ++=head2 dhcprelay ++ ++dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2]... SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP] ++ ++Relay DHCP requests between clients and server. ++Without SERVER_IP, requests are broadcast on SERVER_IFACE. ++ ++=head2 diff ++ ++diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2 ++ ++Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. ++This implementation supports unified diffs only. ++ ++ -a Treat all files as text ++ -b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace ++ -B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank ++ -d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes ++ -i Ignore case differences ++ -L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header ++ -N Treat absent files as empty ++ -q Output only whether files differ ++ -r Recurse ++ -S Start with FILE when comparing directories ++ -T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary ++ -s Report when two files are the same ++ -t Expand tabs to spaces in output ++ -U Output LINES lines of context ++ -w Ignore all whitespace ++ ++=head2 dirname ++ ++dirname FILENAME ++ ++Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME ++ ++=head2 dmesg ++ ++dmesg [-cr] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE] ++ ++Print or control the kernel ring buffer ++ ++ -c Clear ring buffer after printing ++ -n LEVEL Set console logging level ++ -s SIZE Buffer size ++ -r Print raw message buffer ++ ++=head2 dnsd ++ ++dnsd [-dvs] [-c CONFFILE] [-t TTL_SEC] [-p PORT] [-i ADDR] ++ ++Small static DNS server daemon ++ ++ -c FILE Config file ++ -t SEC TTL ++ -p PORT Listen on PORT ++ -i ADDR Listen on ADDR ++ -d Daemonize ++ -v Verbose ++ -s Send successful replies only. Use this if you want ++ to use /etc/resolv.conf with two nameserver lines: ++ nameserver DNSD_SERVER ++ nameserver NORMAL_DNS_SERVER ++ ++=head2 dos2unix ++ ++dos2unix [-ud] [FILE] ++ ++Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. ++When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. ++ ++ -u dos2unix ++ -d unix2dos ++ ++=head2 dpkg ++ ++dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F OPT] PACKAGE ++ ++Install, remove and manage Debian packages ++ ++ -i,--install Install the package ++ -l,--list List of installed packages ++ --configure Configure an unpackaged package ++ -P,--purge Purge all files of a package ++ -r,--remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package ++ --unpack Unpack a package, but don't configure it ++ --force-depends Ignore dependency problems ++ --force-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing ++ --force-confold Keep old config files when installing ++ ++=head2 dpkg-deb ++ ++dpkg-deb [-cefxX] FILE [DIR] ++ ++Perform actions on Debian packages (.deb) ++ ++ -c List files ++ -f Print control fields ++ -e Extract control files to DIR (default: ./DEBIAN) ++ -x Extract files to DIR (no default) ++ -X Verbose extract ++ ++=head2 du ++ ++du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]... ++ ++Summarize disk space used for FILEs (or directories) ++ ++ -a Show file sizes too ++ -b Apparent size (including holes) ++ -L Follow all symlinks ++ -H Follow symlinks on command line ++ -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N ++ -c Show grand total ++ -l Count sizes many times if hard linked ++ -s Display only a total for each argument ++ -x Skip directories on different filesystems ++ -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G) ++ -m Sizes in megabytes ++ -k Sizes in kilobytes (default) ++ ++=head2 dumpkmap ++ ++dumpkmap > keymap ++ ++Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout ++ ++=head2 dumpleases ++ ++dumpleases [-r|-a] [-d] [-f LEASEFILE] ++ ++Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd ++ ++ -f FILE Lease file ++ -r Show remaining time ++ -a Show expiration time ++ -d Show time in seconds ++ ++=head2 echo ++ ++echo [-neE] [ARG]... ++ ++Print ARGs to stdout ++ ++ -n No trailing newline ++ -e Interpret backslash escapes (\t=tab etc) ++ -E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default) ++ ++=head2 ed ++ ++ed [-p PROMPT] [-s] [FILE] ++ ++=head2 eject ++ ++eject [-s] [-t] [-T] [DEVICE] ++ ++Eject DEVICE or default /dev/cdrom ++ ++ -s SCSI device ++ -t Close tray ++ -T Open/close tray (toggle) ++ ++=head2 env ++ ++env [-i0] [-u NAME]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [PROG ARGS] ++ ++Print current environment or run PROG after setting up environment ++ ++ -, -i Start with empty environment ++ -0 NUL terminated output ++ -u NAME Remove variable from environment ++ ++=head2 envdir ++ ++envdir DIR PROG ARGS ++ ++Set various environment variables as specified by files ++in the directory DIR, run PROG ++ ++=head2 envuidgid ++ ++envuidgid USER PROG ARGS ++ ++Set $UID to USER's uid and $GID to USER's gid, run PROG ++ ++=head2 ether-wake ++ ++ether-wake [-b] [-i IFACE] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]/a.b.c.d] MAC ++ ++Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. ++MAC must be a station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or ++a hostname with a known 'ethers' entry. ++ ++ -b Broadcast the packet ++ -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -p PASSWORD Append four or six byte PASSWORD to the packet ++ ++=head2 expand ++ ++expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]... ++ ++Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout ++ ++ -i Don't convert tabs after non blanks ++ -t Tabstops every N chars ++ ++=head2 expr ++ ++expr EXPRESSION ++ ++Print the value of EXPRESSION ++ ++EXPRESSION may be: ++ ++ ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ++ ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ++ ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ++ ARG1 <= ARG2 ++ ARG1 = ARG2 ++ ARG1 != ARG2 ++ ARG1 >= ARG2 ++ ARG1 > ARG2 ++ ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: ++ ARG1 - ARG2 ++ ARG1 * ARG2 ++ ARG1 / ARG2 ++ ARG1 % ARG2 ++ STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING ++ match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP ++ substr STRING POS LEN Substring of STRING, POS counts from 1 ++ index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 ++ length STRING Length of STRING ++ quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if ++ it is a keyword like 'match' or an ++ operator like '/' ++ (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION ++ ++Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. ++Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else ++lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between ++\( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number ++of characters matched or 0. ++ ++=head2 factor ++ ++factor [NUMBER]... ++ ++Print prime factors ++ ++=head2 fakeidentd ++ ++fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING] ++ ++Provide fake ident (auth) service ++ ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -i Inetd mode ++ -w Inetd 'wait' mode ++ -b ADDR Bind to specified address ++ STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody) ++ ++=head2 fallocate ++ ++fallocate [-o OFS] -l LEN FILE ++ ++Preallocate space for FILE ++ ++ -o OFS Offset of range ++ -l LEN Length of range ++ ++=head2 fatattr ++ ++fatattr [-+rhsvda] FILE... ++ ++Change file attributes on FAT filesystem ++ ++ - Clear attributes ++ + Set attributes ++ r Read only ++ h Hidden ++ s System ++ v Volume label ++ d Directory ++ a Archive ++ ++=head2 fbset ++ ++fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE] ++ ++Show and modify frame buffer settings ++ ++=head2 fbsplash ++ ++fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD] ++ ++ -s Image ++ -c Hide cursor ++ -d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) ++ -i Config file (var=value): ++ BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT ++ BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B,IMG_LEFT,IMG_TOP ++ -f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) ++ commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit' ++ ++=head2 fdflush ++ ++fdflush DEVICE ++ ++Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change ++ ++=head2 fdformat ++ ++fdformat [-n] DEVICE ++ ++Format floppy disk ++ ++ -n Don't verify after format ++ ++=head2 fdisk ++ ++fdisk [-uls] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] [-t PARTTYPE] DISK ++ ++Change partition table ++ ++ -u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) ++ -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit ++ -s Show sizes in kb for each DISK, then exit ++ -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors ++ -T PARTTYPE Force 'dos' partition if 'gpt' also present ++ -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors ++ -H HEADS Typically 255 ++ -S SECTORS Typically 63 ++ ++=head2 fgconsole ++ ++fgconsole ++ ++Get active console ++ ++=head2 find ++ ++find [-HL] [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS] ++ ++Search for files and perform actions on them. ++First failed action stops processing of current file. ++Defaults: PATH is current directory, action is '-print' ++ ++ -L,-follow Follow symlinks ++ -H ...on command line only ++ -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems ++ -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies ++ actions to command line arguments only ++ -mindepth N Don't act on first N levels ++ -depth Act on directory *after* traversing it ++ ++Actions: ++ ++ ( ACTIONS ) Group actions for -o / -a ++ ! ACT Invert ACT's success/failure ++ ACT1 [-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2 ++ ACT1 -o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2 ++ Note: -a has higher priority than -o ++ -name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN ++ -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name ++ -path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN ++ -ipath PATTERN Case insensitive -path ++ -regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN ++ -type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p) ++ -executable File is executable ++ -perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (-MASK), ++ or exactly MASK bits are set in file's mode ++ -mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N days in the past ++ -atime DAYS atime +N/-N/N days in the past ++ -ctime DAYS ctime +N/-N/N days in the past ++ -mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N minutes in the past ++ -amin MINS atime +N/-N/N minutes in the past ++ -cmin MINS ctime +N/-N/N minutes in the past ++ -newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE's ++ -inum N File has inode number N ++ -samefile FILE File is same as FILE ++ -user NAME/ID File is owned by given user ++ -group NAME/ID File is owned by given group ++ -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)) ++ +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N ++ -links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N), ++ or exactly N ++ -empty Match empty file/directory ++ -prune If current file is directory, don't descend into it ++If none of the following actions is specified, -print is assumed ++ -print Print file name ++ -print0 Print file name, NUL terminated ++ -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by ++ file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero ++ -exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names ++ -ok CMD ARG ; Prompt and run CMD with {} replaced ++ -delete Delete current file/directory. Turns on -depth option ++ -quit Exit ++ ++=head2 findfs ++ ++findfs LABEL=label | UUID=uuid ++ ++Find filesystem device based on label or UUID ++ ++=head2 flock ++ ++flock [-sxun] FD | { FILE [-c] PROG ARGS } ++ ++[Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG ++ ++ -s Shared lock ++ -x Exclusive lock (default) ++ -u Unlock FD ++ -n Fail rather than wait ++ ++=head2 fold ++ ++fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... ++ ++Wrap input lines in FILEs (or stdin), writing to stdout ++ ++ -b Count bytes rather than columns ++ -s Break at spaces ++ -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80 ++ ++=head2 free ++ ++free [-bkmgh] ++ ++Display free and used memory ++ ++=head2 freeramdisk ++ ++freeramdisk DEVICE ++ ++Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk ++ ++=head2 fsck ++ ++fsck [-ANPRTV] [-t FSTYPE] [FS_OPTS] [BLOCKDEV]... ++ ++Check and repair filesystems ++ ++ -A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems ++ -N Don't execute, just show what would be done ++ -P With -A, check filesystems in parallel ++ -R With -A, skip the root filesystem ++ -T Don't show title on startup ++ -V Verbose ++ -t TYPE List of filesystem types to check ++ ++=head2 fsck.minix ++ ++fsck.minix [-larvsmf] BLOCKDEV ++ ++Check MINIX filesystem ++ ++ -l List all filenames ++ -r Perform interactive repairs ++ -a Perform automatic repairs ++ -v Verbose ++ -s Output superblock information ++ -m Show "mode not cleared" warnings ++ -f Force file system check ++ ++=head2 fsfreeze ++ ++fsfreeze --[un]freeze MOUNTPOINT ++ ++Flush and halt writes to MOUNTPOINT ++ ++=head2 fstrim ++ ++fstrim [OPTIONS] MOUNTPOINT ++ ++ -o OFFSET Offset in bytes to discard from ++ -l LEN Bytes to discard ++ -m MIN Minimum extent length ++ -v Print number of discarded bytes ++ ++=head2 fsync ++ ++fsync [-d] FILE... ++ ++Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk ++ ++ -d Avoid syncing metadata ++ ++=head2 ftpd ++ ++ftpd [-wvS] [-a USER] [-t SEC] [-T SEC] [DIR] ++ ++FTP server. Chroots to DIR, if this fails (run by non-root), cds to it. ++It is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: ++ 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve ++Can be run from tcpsvd: ++ ++ tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve ++ ++ -w Allow upload ++ -A No login required, client access occurs under ftpd's UID ++ -a USER Enable 'anonymous' login and map it to USER ++ -v Log errors to stderr. -vv: verbose log ++ -S Log errors to syslog. -SS: verbose log ++ -t,-T N Idle and absolute timeout ++ ++=head2 ftpget ++ ++ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE ++ ++Download a file via FTP ++ ++ -c Continue previous transfer ++ -v Verbose ++ -u USER Username ++ -p PASS Password ++ -P PORT ++ ++=head2 ftpput ++ ++ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE ++ ++Upload a file to a FTP server ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -u USER Username ++ -p PASS Password ++ -P PORT ++ ++=head2 fuser ++ ++fuser [-msk46] [-SIGNAL] FILE or PORT/PROTO ++ ++Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs ++ ++ -m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs ++ -4,-6 Search only IPv4/IPv6 space ++ -s Don't display PIDs ++ -k Kill found processes ++ -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL) ++ ++=head2 getfattr ++ ++getfattr [-h] {-d|-n ATTR} FILE... ++ ++ ++Get extended attributes ++ ++ -h Do not follow symlinks ++ -d Dump all attributes ++ -n ATTR Get attribute ATTR ++ ++=head2 getopt ++ ++getopt [OPTIONS] [--] OPTSTRING PARAMS ++ ++ -a Allow long options starting with single - ++ -l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize ++ -n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported ++ -o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize ++ -q No error messages on unrecognized options ++ -Q No normal output ++ -s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions ++ -T Version test (exits with 4) ++ -u Don't quote output ++ ++Example: ++ ++ ++O=`getopt -l bb: -- ab:c:: "$@"` || exit 1 ++eval set -- "$O" ++while true; do ++ case "$1" in ++ -a) echo A; shift;; ++ -b|--bb) echo "B:'$2'"; shift 2;; ++ -c) case "$2" in ++ "") echo C; shift 2;; ++ *) echo "C:'$2'"; shift 2;; ++ esac;; ++ --) shift; break;; ++ *) echo Error; exit 1;; ++ esac ++done ++ ++=head2 getty ++ ++getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... TTY [TERMTYPE] ++ ++Open TTY, prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login ++ ++ -h Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control ++ -L Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state) ++ -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message ++ -n Don't prompt for login name ++ -w Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue ++ -i Don't display /etc/issue ++ -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue ++ -l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login ++ -t SEC Terminate after SEC if no login name is read ++ -I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else ++ -H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname ++ ++BAUD_RATE of 0 leaves it unchanged ++ ++=head2 grep ++ ++grep [-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [-m N] [-A|B|C N] { PATTERN | -e PATTERN... | -f FILE... } [FILE]... ++ ++Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -H Add 'filename:' prefix ++ -h Do not add 'filename:' prefix ++ -n Add 'line_no:' prefix ++ -l Show only names of files that match ++ -L Show only names of files that don't match ++ -c Show only count of matching lines ++ -o Show only the matching part of line ++ -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise ++ -v Select non-matching lines ++ -s Suppress open and read errors ++ -r Recurse ++ -R Recurse and dereference symlinks ++ -i Ignore case ++ -w Match whole words only ++ -x Match whole lines only ++ -F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp) ++ -E PATTERN is an extended regexp ++ -m N Match up to N times per file ++ -A N Print N lines of trailing context ++ -B N Print N lines of leading context ++ -C N Same as '-A N -B N' ++ -e PTRN Pattern to match ++ -f FILE Read pattern from file ++ ++=head2 groups ++ ++groups [USER] ++ ++Print the groups USER is in ++ ++=head2 gunzip ++ ++gunzip [-cfkt] [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++=head2 gzip ++ ++gzip [-cfkdt] [FILE]... ++ ++Compress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++=head2 halt ++ ++halt [-d DELAY] [-nfw] ++ ++Halt the system ++ ++ -d SEC Delay interval ++ -n Do not sync ++ -f Force (don't go through init) ++ -w Only write a wtmp record ++ ++=head2 hd ++ ++hd FILE... ++ ++hd is an alias for hexdump -C ++ ++=head2 hdparm ++ ++hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE] ++ ++ -a Get/set fs readahead ++ -A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1) ++ -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) ++ -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) ++ -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting ++ -C Check IDE power mode status ++ -d Get/set using_dma flag ++ -D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt ++ -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit ++ -g Display drive geometry ++ -h Display terse usage information ++ -i Display drive identification ++ -I Detailed/current information directly from drive ++ -k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) ++ -K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) ++ -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) ++ -m Get/set multiple sector count ++ -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) ++ -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) ++ -P Set drive prefetch count ++ -Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported) ++ -r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) ++ -R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++ -S Set standby (spindown) timeout ++ -t Perform device read timings ++ -T Perform cache read timings ++ -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) ++ -U Unregister an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) ++ -v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives ++ -V Display program version and exit immediately ++ -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) ++ -W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++ -x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) ++ -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) ++ -y Put IDE drive in standby mode ++ -Y Put IDE drive to sleep ++ -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode ++ -z Reread partition table ++ ++=head2 head ++ ++head [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++ ++Print first 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin). ++With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header. ++ ++ -n N[bkm] Print first N lines ++ -n -N[bkm] Print all except N last lines ++ -c [-]N[bkm] Print first N bytes ++ (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++ -q Never print headers ++ -v Always print headers ++ ++=head2 hexdump ++ ++hexdump [-bcdoxCv] [-e FMT] [-f FMT_FILE] [-n LEN] [-s OFS] [FILE]... ++ ++Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format ++ ++ -b 1-byte octal display ++ -c 1-byte character display ++ -d 2-byte decimal display ++ -o 2-byte octal display ++ -x 2-byte hex display ++ -C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line ++ -v Show all (no dup folding) ++ -e FORMAT_STR Example: '16/1 "%02x|""\n"' ++ -f FORMAT_FILE ++ -n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++ -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes ++ ++=head2 hexedit ++ ++hexedit FILE ++ ++Edit FILE in hexadecimal ++ ++=head2 hostid ++ ++hostid ++ ++Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine ++ ++=head2 hostname ++ ++hostname [-sidf] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE] ++ ++Show or set hostname or DNS domain name ++ ++ -s Short ++ -i Addresses for the hostname ++ -d DNS domain name ++ -f Fully qualified domain name ++ -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname ++ ++=head2 httpd ++ ++httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-M MAXCONN] [-K KILLSEC] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] ++or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING ++ ++Listen for incoming HTTP requests ++ ++ -i Inetd mode ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -v[v] Verbose ++ -p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80) ++ -M NUM Pause if NUM connections are open (default 256) ++ -K NUM Kill CGIs after NUM seconds ++ -u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port ++ -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication ++ -h HOME Home directory (default .) ++ -c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf) ++ -m STRING MD5 crypt STRING ++ -e STRING HTML encode STRING ++ -d STRING URL decode STRING ++ ++=head2 hush ++ ++hush [-enxl] [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS] ++ ++Unix shell interpreter ++ ++=head2 hwclock ++ ++hwclock [-ul] [-f DEV] [-s|-w|--systz|--param-get PARAM|--param-set PARAM=VAL] ++ ++Show or set hardware clock (RTC) ++ ++ -f DEV Use this device (e.g. /dev/rtc2) ++ -u Assume RTC is kept in UTC ++ -l Assume RTC is kept in local time ++ (if neither is given, read from /etc/adjtime) ++ -s Set system time from RTC ++ -w Set RTC from system time ++ --systz Set in-kernel timezone, correct system time ++ if RTC is kept in local time ++ --param-get PARAM Get RTC parameter ++ --param-set PARAM=VAL Set RTC parameter ++ ++=head2 i2cdetect ++ ++i2cdetect -l | -F I2CBUS | [-ya] [-q|-r] I2CBUS [FIRST LAST] ++ ++Detect I2C chips ++ ++ -l List installed buses ++ -F BUS# List functionalities on this bus ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -a Force scanning of non-regular addresses ++ -q Use smbus quick write commands for probing (default) ++ -r Use smbus read byte commands for probing ++ FIRST and LAST limit probing range ++ ++=head2 i2cdump ++ ++i2cdump [-fy] [-r FIRST-LAST] BUS ADDR [MODE] ++ ++Examine I2C registers ++ ++ I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++MODE is: ++ ++ b Byte (default) ++ w Word ++ W Word on even register addresses ++ i I2C block ++ s SMBus block ++ c Consecutive byte ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -r Limit the number of registers being accessed ++ ++=head2 i2cget ++ ++i2cget [-fy] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS [DATA-ADDRESS [MODE]] ++ ++Read from I2C/SMBus chip registers ++ ++ I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++MODE is: ++ ++ b Read byte data (default) ++ w Read word data ++ c Write byte/read byte ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ ++=head2 i2cset ++ ++i2cset [-fy] [-m MASK] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS DATA-ADDRESS [VALUE] ... [MODE] ++ ++Set I2C registers ++ ++ I2CBUS I2C bus number ++ ADDRESS 0x03-0x77 ++MODE is: ++ ++ c Byte, no value ++ b Byte data (default) ++ w Word data ++ i I2C block data ++ s SMBus block data ++ Append p for SMBus PEC ++ ++ -f Force access ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ -r Read back and compare the result ++ -m MASK Mask specifying which bits to write ++ ++=head2 i2ctransfer ++ ++i2ctransfer [-fay] I2CBUS { rLENGTH[@ADDR] | wLENGTH[@ADDR] DATA...}... ++ ++Read/write I2C data in one transfer ++ ++ -f Force access to busy addresses ++ -a Force access to non-regular addresses ++ -y Disable interactive mode ++ ++=head2 id ++ ++id [-ugGnr] [USER] ++ ++Print information about USER or the current user ++ ++ -u User ID ++ -g Group ID ++ -G Supplementary group IDs ++ -n Print names instead of numbers ++ -r Print real ID instead of effective ID ++ ++=head2 ifconfig ++ ++ifconfig [-a] [IFACE] [ADDRESS] ++ ++Configure a network interface ++ ++ [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++ [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] ++ [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] ++ [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] ++ [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] ++ [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] ++ [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] ++ [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic] ++ [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] ++ [up|down] ... ++ ++=head2 ifdown ++ ++ifdown [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE... ++ ++ -a Deconfigure all interfaces ++ -i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++ -n Dry run ++ (note: doesn't disable mappings) ++ -m Don't run any mappings ++ -v Print out what would happen before doing it ++ -f Force ++ ++=head2 ifenslave ++ ++ifenslave [-cdf] MASTER_IFACE SLAVE_IFACE... ++ ++Configure network interfaces for parallel routing ++ ++ -c Change active slave ++ -d Remove slave interface from bonding device ++ -f Force, even if interface is not Ethernet ++ ++=head2 ifplugd ++ ++ifplugd [OPTIONS] ++ ++Network interface plug detection daemon ++ ++ -n Run in foreground ++ -s Don't log to syslog ++ -i IFACE Interface ++ -f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up ++ (otherwise exit on error) ++ -a Don't up interface at each link probe ++ -M Monitor creation/destruction of interface ++ (otherwise it must exist) ++ -A Don't up newly appeared interface ++ -r PROG Script to run ++ -x ARG Extra argument for script ++ -I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script ++ -p Don't run "up" script on startup ++ -q Don't run "down" script on exit ++ -l Always run script on startup ++ -t SECS Poll time in seconds ++ -u SECS Delay before running script after link up ++ -d SECS Delay after link down ++ -m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto) ++ -k Kill running daemon ++ ++=head2 ifup ++ ++ifup [-nmvf] [-i FILE] -a | IFACE... ++ ++ -a Configure all interfaces ++ -i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces ++ -n Dry run ++ (note: doesn't disable mappings) ++ -m Don't run any mappings ++ -v Print out what would happen before doing it ++ -f Force ++ ++=head2 inetd ++ ++inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE] ++ ++Listen for network connections and launch programs ++ ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -e Log to stderr ++ -q N Socket listen queue (default 128) ++ -R N Pause services after N connects/min ++ (default 0 - disabled) ++ Default CONFFILE is /etc/inetd.conf ++ ++=head2 init ++ ++init ++ ++Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits. ++It (re)spawns children according to /etc/inittab. ++Signals: ++ ++HUP: reload /etc/inittab ++TSTP: stop respawning until CONT ++QUIT: re-exec another init ++USR1/TERM/USR2/INT: run halt/reboot/poweroff/Ctrl-Alt-Del script ++ ++=head2 insmod ++ ++insmod FILE [SYMBOL=VALUE]... ++ ++Load kernel module ++ ++=head2 install ++ ++install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [-t DIR] [SOURCE]... DEST ++ ++Copy files and set attributes ++ ++ -c Just copy (default) ++ -d Create directories ++ -D Create leading target directories ++ -s Strip symbol table ++ -p Preserve date ++ -o USER Set ownership ++ -g GRP Set group ownership ++ -m MODE Set permissions ++ -t DIR Install to DIR ++ ++=head2 ionice ++ ++ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-t] { -p PID | PROG ARGS } ++ ++Change I/O priority and class ++ ++ -c N Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle ++ -n N Priority ++ -t Ignore errors ++ ++=head2 iostat ++ ++iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] ++ ++Report CPU and I/O statistics ++ ++ -c Show CPU utilization ++ -d Show device utilization ++ -t Print current time ++ -z Omit devices with no activity ++ -k Use kb/s ++ -m Use Mb/s ++ ++=head2 ip ++ ++ip [OPTIONS] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [ARGS] ++ ++OPTIONS := -f[amily] inet|inet6|link | -o[neline] ++ ++ip addr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX] ++ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ++ip link set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] ++ [promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] ++ [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] ++ip tunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] ++ [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ++ip neigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] ++ip rule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION ++ ++=head2 ipaddr ++ ++ipaddr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX] ++ ++ipaddr add|change|replace|delete dev IFACE [CONFFLAG-LIST] IFADDR ++ IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR|+|-] ++ [anycast ADDR] [label STRING] [scope SCOPE] ++ PREFIX := ADDR[/MASK] ++ SCOPE := [host|link|global|NUMBER] ++ CONFFLAG-LIST := [CONFFLAG-LIST] CONFFLAG ++ CONFFLAG := [noprefixroute] ++ipaddr show|flush [dev IFACE] [scope SCOPE] [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN] ++ ++=head2 ipcalc ++ ++ipcalc [-bnmphs] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [NETMASK] ++ ++Calculate and display network settings from IP address ++ ++ -b Broadcast address ++ -n Network address ++ -m Default netmask for IP ++ -p Prefix for IP/NETMASK ++ -h Resolved host name ++ -s No error messages ++ ++=head2 ipcrm ++ ++ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id] ++ ++Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. ++Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value. ++ ++ -mM Remove memory segment after last detach ++ -qQ Remove message queue ++ -sS Remove semaphore ++ ++=head2 ipcs ++ ++ipcs [[-smq] -i SHMID] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]] ++ ++ -i ID Show specific resource ++Resource specification: ++ ++ -m Shared memory segments ++ -q Message queues ++ -s Semaphore arrays ++ -a All (default) ++Output format: ++ ++ -t Time ++ -c Creator ++ -p Pid ++ -l Limits ++ -u Summary ++ ++=head2 iplink ++ ++iplink set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off] ++ [promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] ++ [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] [type TYPE ARGS] ++iplink add [link IFACE] IFACE [address MAC] type TYPE [ARGS] ++iplink delete IFACE type TYPE [ARGS] ++ TYPE ARGS := vlan VLANARGS | vrf table NUM | can CANARGS ++ VLANARGS := id VLANID [protocol 802.1q|802.1ad] [reorder_hdr on|off] ++ [gvrp on|off] [mvrp on|off] [loose_binding on|off] ++ CANARGS := [bitrate BITRATE [sample-point SAMPLE-POINT]] | ++ [tq TQ prop-seg PROP_SEG phase-seg1 PHASE-SEG1 ++ phase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [sjw SJW]] ++ [dbitrate BITRATE [dsample-point SAMPLE-POINT]] | ++ [dtq TQ dprop-seg PROP_SEG dphase-seg1 PHASE-SEG1 ++ dphase-seg2 PHASE-SEG2 [dsjw SJW]] ++ [loopback on|off] [listen-only on|off] [triple-sampling on|off] ++ [one-shot on|off] [berr-reporting on|off] ++ [fd on|off] [fd-non-iso on|off] [presume-ack on|off] ++ [restart-ms TIME-MS] [restart] ++ [termination 0..65535] ++iplink show [IFACE] ++ ++=head2 ipneigh ++ ++ipneigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] ++ ++=head2 iproute ++ ++iproute list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ++ ++iproute list|flush SELECTOR ++ SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] ++ PREFIX := default|ADDR[/MASK] ++iproute get ADDR [from ADDR iif IFACE] ++ [oif IFACE] [tos TOS] ++iproute add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ++ ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [INFO_SPEC] ++ NODE_SPEC := PREFIX [table TABLE_ID] [proto RTPROTO] [scope SCOPE] [metric METRIC] ++ INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS ++ NH := [via [inet|inet6] ADDR] [dev IFACE] [src ADDR] [onlink] ++ OPTIONS := [mtu [lock] NUM] [advmss [lock] NUM] ++ ++=head2 iprule ++ ++iprule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION ++ ++ SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK[/MASK]] ++ [dev IFACE] [pref NUMBER] ++ ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDR] ++ [prohibit|reject|unreachable] ++ [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] ++ TABLE_ID := [local|main|default|NUMBER] ++ ++=head2 iptunnel ++ ++iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] ++ [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ++ ++iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] ++ [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] ++ [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY] [[i|o]csum] ++ [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV] ++ ++=head2 kbd_mode ++ ++kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY] ++ ++Report or set VT console keyboard mode ++ ++ -a Default (ASCII) ++ -k Medium-raw (keycode) ++ -s Raw (scancode) ++ -u Unicode (utf-8) ++ -C TTY Affect TTY ++ ++=head2 kill ++ ++kill [-l] [-SIG] PID... ++ ++Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs ++ ++ -l List all signal names and numbers ++ ++=head2 killall ++ ++killall [-lq] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME... ++ ++Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes ++ ++ -l List all signal names and numbers ++ -q Don't complain if no processes were killed ++ ++=head2 killall5 ++ ++killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]... ++ ++Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session ++ ++ -l List all signal names and numbers ++ -o PID Don't signal this PID ++ ++=head2 klogd ++ ++klogd [-c N] [-n] ++ ++Log kernel messages to syslog ++ ++ -c N Print to console messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) ++ -n Run in foreground ++ ++=head2 last ++ ++last [-HW] [-f FILE] ++ ++Show listing of the last users that logged into the system ++ ++ -W Display with no host column truncation ++ -f FILE Read from FILE instead of /var/log/wtmp ++ ++=head2 less ++ ++less [-EFIMmNSRh~] [FILE]... ++ ++View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time ++ ++ -E Quit once the end of a file is reached ++ -F Quit if entire file fits on first screen ++ -I Ignore case in all searches ++ -M,-m Display status line with line numbers ++ and percentage through the file ++ -N Prefix line number to each line ++ -S Truncate long lines ++ -R Remove color escape codes in input ++ -~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF ++ ++=head2 link ++ ++link FILE LINK ++ ++Create hard LINK to FILE ++ ++=head2 ln ++ ++ln [-sfnbtv] [-S SUF] TARGET... LINK|DIR ++ ++Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s) ++ ++ -s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks ++ -f Remove existing destinations ++ -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file ++ -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation ++ -S SUF Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files ++ -T Treat LINK as a file, not DIR ++ -v Verbose ++ ++=head2 loadfont ++ ++loadfont < font ++ ++Load a console font from stdin ++ ++=head2 loadkmap ++ ++loadkmap < keymap ++ ++Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin ++ ++=head2 logger ++ ++logger [-s] [-t TAG] [-p PRIO] [MESSAGE] ++ ++Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog ++ ++ -s Log to stderr as well as the system log ++ -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) ++ -p PRIO Priority (number or FACILITY.LEVEL pair) ++ ++=head2 login ++ ++login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER] ++ ++Begin a new session on the system ++ ++ -f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated) ++ -h HOST Host user came from (for network logins) ++ -p Preserve environment ++ ++$LOGIN_TIMEOUT Seconds (default 60, 0 - disable) ++$LOGIN_PRE_SUID_SCRIPT Execute before user ID change ++ ++=head2 logname ++ ++logname ++ ++Print the name of the current user ++ ++=head2 logread ++ ++logread [-fF] ++ ++Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer ++ ++ -f Output data as log grows ++ -F Same as -f, but dump buffer first ++ ++=head2 losetup ++ ++losetup [-rP] [-o OFS] {-f|LOOPDEV} FILE: associate loop devices ++ losetup -c LOOPDEV: reread file size ++ losetup -d LOOPDEV: disassociate ++ losetup -a: show status ++ losetup -f: show next free loop device ++ ++ -o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE ++ -P Scan for partitions ++ -r Read-only ++ -f Show/use next free loop device ++ ++=head2 lpd ++ ++lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]] ++ ++SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories ++with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are ++sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue ++directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print ++is passed in $DATAFILE variable. ++Example: ++ ++ tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print ++ ++=head2 lpq ++ ++lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID]... [-fs] ++ ++ -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++ -d Delete jobs ++ -f Force any waiting job to be printed ++ -s Short display ++ ++=head2 lpr ++ ++lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]... ++ ++ -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) ++ -m Send mail on completion ++ -h Print banner page too ++ -V Verbose ++ ++=head2 ls ++ ++ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... ++ ++List directory contents ++ ++ -1 One column output ++ -a Include names starting with . ++ -A Like -a, but exclude . and .. ++ -x List by lines ++ -d List directory names, not contents ++ -L Follow symlinks ++ -H Follow symlinks on command line ++ -R Recurse ++ -p Append / to directory names ++ -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names ++ -l Long format ++ -i List inode numbers ++ -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names ++ -s List allocated blocks ++ -lc List ctime ++ -lu List atime ++ --full-time List full date/time ++ -h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G) ++ --group-directories-first ++ -S Sort by size ++ -X Sort by extension ++ -v Sort by version ++ -t Sort by mtime ++ -tc Sort by ctime ++ -tu Sort by atime ++ -r Reverse sort order ++ -w N Format N columns wide ++ --color[={always,never,auto}] ++ ++=head2 lsattr ++ ++lsattr [-Radlpv] [FILE]... ++ ++List ext2 file attributes ++ ++ -R Recurse ++ -a Include names starting with . ++ -d List directory names, not contents ++ -l List long flag names ++ -p List project ID ++ -v List version/generation number ++ ++=head2 lsblk ++ ++lsblk [BLOCKDEV]... ++ ++List block devices ++ ++=head2 lsmod ++ ++lsmod ++ ++List loaded kernel modules ++ ++=head2 lsof ++ ++lsof ++ ++Show all open files ++ ++=head2 lspci ++ ++lspci [-mk] ++ ++List all PCI devices ++ ++ -m Parsable output ++ -k Show driver ++ ++=head2 lzcat ++ ++lzcat [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress to stdout ++ ++=head2 lzma ++ ++lzma -d [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++=head2 lzop ++ ++lzop [-cfUvd123456789CF] [FILE]... ++ ++ -1..9 Compression level ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -U Delete input files ++ -v Verbose ++ -F Don't store or verify checksum ++ -C Also write checksum of compressed block ++ ++=head2 makedevs ++ ++makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir ++ ++Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. ++Device table entries take the form of: ++ ++<name> <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count> ++Where name is the file name, type can be one of: ++ f Regular file ++ d Directory ++ c Character device ++ b Block device ++ p Fifo (named pipe) ++uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the ++target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to ++to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries. ++ ++=head2 makemime ++ ++makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++ ++Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs ++ ++ -o FILE Output. Default: stdout ++ -a HDR Add header(s). Examples: ++ "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`" ++ -c CT Content type. Default: application/octet-stream ++ -C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii ++ ++Other options are silently ignored ++ ++=head2 man ++ ++man [-aw] [SECTION] MANPAGE[.SECTION]... ++ ++Display manual page ++ ++ -a Display all pages ++ -w Show page locations ++ ++$COLUMNS overrides output width ++ ++=head2 md5sum ++ ++md5sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++Print or check MD5 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++=head2 mdev ++ ++mdev [-vS] { [-s] | [-df] } ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -s Scan /sys and populate /dev ++ -d Daemon, listen on netlink ++ -f Run in foreground ++ ++Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it: ++ echo /sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug ++ ++It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines ++ [-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH]|[!] [@|$|*PROG] ++where DEVNAME is device name regex, @major,minor[-minor2], or ++environment variable regex. A common use of the latter is ++to load modules for hotplugged devices: ++ ++ $MODALIAS=.* 0:0 660 @modprobe "$MODALIAS" ++ ++If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value ++to match $SEQNUM variable. This prevents plug/unplug races. ++To activate this feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot. ++ ++If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it. ++ ++=head2 mesg ++ ++mesg [y|n] ++ ++Control write access to your terminal ++ y Allow write access to your terminal ++ n Disallow write access to your terminal ++ ++=head2 microcom ++ ++microcom [-d DELAY_MS] [-t TIMEOUT_MS ] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY ++ ++Copy bytes from stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout ++ ++ -d DELAY Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending ++ every next byte to it ++ -t TIMEOUT Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms ++ -s SPEED Set serial line to SPEED ++ -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin ++ ++=head2 mim ++ ++mim [-f FILE] [SHELL_OPTIONS] [TARGET] ... ++ ++Run a script from a Makefile-like specification file ++ ++ -f FILE Spec file (default Mimfile) ++ ++=head2 mkdir ++ ++mkdir [-m MODE] [-p] DIRECTORY... ++ ++Create DIRECTORY ++ ++ -m MODE Mode ++ -p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed ++ ++=head2 mkdosfs ++ ++mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++Make a FAT32 filesystem ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -n LBL Volume label ++ ++=head2 mke2fs ++ ++mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++ -b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++ -F Force ++ -i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++ -I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++ -L LBL Volume label ++ -m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++ -n Dry run ++ ++=head2 mkfifo ++ ++mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME ++ ++Create named pipe ++ ++ -m MODE Mode (default a=rw) ++ ++=head2 mkfs.ext2 ++ ++mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++ -b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes ++ -F Force ++ -i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO ++ -I BYTES Inode size (min 128) ++ -L LBL Volume label ++ -m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin ++ -n Dry run ++ ++=head2 mkfs.minix ++ ++mkfs.minix [-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++Make a MINIX filesystem ++ ++ -c Check device for bad blocks ++ -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames ++ -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem ++ -l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE ++ -v Make version 2 filesystem ++ ++=head2 mkfs.vfat ++ ++mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++Make a FAT32 filesystem ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -n LBL Volume label ++ ++=head2 mknod ++ ++mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR] ++ ++Create a special file (block, character, or pipe) ++ ++ -m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw) ++TYPE: ++ b Block device ++ c or u Character device ++ p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted) ++ ++=head2 mkpasswd ++ ++mkpasswd [-P FD] [-m TYPE] [-S SALT] [PASSWORD] [SALT] ++ ++Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD ++ ++ -P N Read password from fd N ++ -m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++ -S SALT ++ ++=head2 mkswap ++ ++mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] ++ ++Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition ++ ++ -L LBL Label ++ ++=head2 mktemp ++ ++mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE] ++ ++Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. ++TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). ++Without TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed. ++ ++ -d Make directory, not file ++ -q Fail silently on errors ++ -t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE ++ -p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t) ++ -u Do not create anything; print a name ++ ++Base directory is: -p DIR, else $TMPDIR, else /tmp ++ ++=head2 modinfo ++ ++modinfo [-adlpn0] [-F keyword] MODULE ++ ++ -a Shortcut for '-F author' ++ -d Shortcut for '-F description' ++ -l Shortcut for '-F license' ++ -p Shortcut for '-F parm' ++ -F keyword Keyword to look for ++ -0 NUL terminated output ++ ++=head2 modprobe ++ ++modprobe [-rq] MODULE [SYMBOL=VALUE]... ++ ++ -r Remove MODULE ++ -q Quiet ++ ++=head2 more ++ ++more [FILE]... ++ ++View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time ++ ++=head2 mount ++ ++mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPT] DEVICE NODE ++ ++Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc. ++ ++ -a Mount all filesystems in fstab ++ -f Dry run ++ -v Verbose ++ -r Read-only mount ++ -t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s) ++ -T FILE Read FILE instead of /etc/fstab ++ -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only) ++-o OPT: ++ loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) ++ [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous ++ [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times ++ [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories ++ [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time ++ [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files ++ [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files ++ [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs ++ [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree ++ [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree ++ [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree ++ [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted ++ [r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location ++ move Relocate an existing mount point ++ remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags ++ ro Same as -r ++ ++There are filesystem-specific -o flags. ++ ++=head2 mountpoint ++ ++mountpoint [-q] { [-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE } ++ ++Check if DIR is a mountpoint ++ ++ -q Quiet ++ -d Print major:minor of the filesystem ++ -n Print device name of the filesystem ++ -x Print major:minor of DEVICE ++ ++=head2 mpstat ++ ++mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] ++ ++Per-processor statistics ++ ++ -A Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL ++ -I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU Report interrupt statistics ++ -P num|ALL Processor to monitor ++ -u Report CPU utilization ++ ++=head2 mt ++ ++mt [-f DEVICE] OPCODE VALUE ++ ++Control magnetic tape drive operation ++ ++Opcodes: ++ ++ ++bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase ++fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ++ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity ++setpart tell unload unlock weof wset ++ ++=head2 mv ++ ++mv [-finT] SOURCE DEST ++or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY } ++ ++Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCEs to DIRECTORY ++ ++ -f Don't prompt before overwriting ++ -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite ++ -n Don't overwrite an existing file ++ -T Refuse to move if DEST is a directory ++ -t DIR Move all SOURCEs into DIR ++ ++=head2 nameif ++ ++nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [IFNAME SELECTOR]... ++ ++Rename network interface while it in the down state. ++The device matched by SELECTOR is renamed to IFNAME. ++SELECTOR can be a combination of: ++ ++ driver=STRING ++ bus=STRING ++ phy_address=NUM ++ [mac=]XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX ++ ++ -c FILE Configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) ++ -s Log to syslog ++ ++=head2 nanddump ++ ++nanddump [-no] [--bb padbad|skipbad] [-s ADDR] [-l LEN] [-f FILE] MTD_DEVICE ++ ++Dump MTD_DEVICE ++ ++ -n Read without ecc ++ -o Dump oob data ++ -s ADDR Start address ++ -l LEN Length ++ -f FILE Dump to file ('-' for stdout) ++ --bb METHOD ++ skipbad: skip bad blocks ++ padbad: substitute bad blocks by 0xff (default) ++ ++=head2 nandwrite ++ ++nandwrite [-np] [-s ADDR] MTD_DEVICE [FILE] ++ ++Write to MTD_DEVICE ++ ++ -n Write without ecc ++ -p Pad to page size ++ -s ADDR Start address ++ ++=head2 nbd-client ++ ++nbd-client { [-b BLKSIZE] [-N NAME] [-t SEC] [-p] HOST [PORT] | -d } BLOCKDEV ++ ++Connect to HOST and provide network block device on BLOCKDEV ++ ++=head2 nc ++ ++nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect ++nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST] [PORT] - listen ++ ++ -e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) ++ -l Listen mode, for inbound connects ++ -lk With -e, provides persistent server ++ -p PORT Local port ++ -s ADDR Local address ++ -w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads ++ -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent ++ -n Don't do DNS resolution ++ -u UDP mode ++ -b Allow broadcasts ++ -v Verbose ++ -o FILE Hex dump traffic ++ -z Zero-I/O mode (scanning) ++ ++=head2 netstat ++ ++netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp] ++ ++Display networking information ++ ++ -r Routing table ++ -a All sockets ++ -l Listening sockets ++ Else: connected sockets ++ -t TCP sockets ++ -u UDP sockets ++ -w Raw sockets ++ -x Unix sockets ++ Else: all socket types ++ -e Other/more information ++ -n Don't resolve names ++ -W Wide display ++ -p Show PID/program name for sockets ++ ++=head2 nice ++ ++nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++Change scheduling priority, run PROG ++ ++ -n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST ++ ++=head2 nl ++ ++nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++ ++Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added ++ ++ -b STYLE Which lines to number - a: all, t: nonempty, n: none ++ -i N Line number increment ++ -s STRING Use STRING as line number separator ++ -v N Start from N ++ -w N Width of line numbers ++ ++=head2 nmeter ++ ++nmeter [-d MSEC] FORMAT_STRING ++ ++Monitor system in real time ++ ++ -d MSEC Milliseconds between updates, default:1000, none:-1 ++ ++Format specifiers: ++ ++ %Nc or %[cN] CPU. N - bar size (default 10) ++ (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) ++ %[nINTERFACE] Network INTERFACE ++ %m Allocated memory ++ %[md] Dirty file-backed memory ++ %[mw] Memory being written to storage ++ %[mf] Free memory ++ %[mt] Total memory ++ %s Allocated swap ++ %f Number of used file descriptors ++ %Ni Total/specific IRQ rate ++ %x Context switch rate ++ %p Forks ++ %[pn] # of processes ++ %b Block io ++ %Nt Time (with N decimal points) ++ %NT Zero-based timestamp (with N decimal points) ++ %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL ++ ++=head2 nohup ++ ++nohup PROG ARGS ++ ++Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty ++ ++=head2 nologin ++ ++nologin ++ ++Politely refuse a login ++ ++=head2 nproc ++ ++nproc [--all] [--ignore=N] ++ ++Print number of available CPUs ++ ++ --all Number of installed CPUs ++ --ignore=N Exclude N CPUs ++ ++=head2 nsenter ++ ++nsenter [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ -t PID Target process to get namespaces from ++ -m[FILE] Enter mount namespace ++ -u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc) ++ -i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace ++ -n[FILE] Enter network namespace ++ -p[FILE] Enter pid namespace ++ -U[FILE] Enter user namespace ++ -S UID Set uid in entered namespace ++ -G GID Set gid in entered namespace ++ --preserve-credentials Don't touch uids or gids ++ -r[DIR] Set root directory ++ -w[DIR] Set working directory ++ -F Don't fork before exec'ing PROG ++ ++=head2 nslookup ++ ++nslookup [-type=QUERY_TYPE] [-debug] HOST [DNS_SERVER] ++ ++Query DNS about HOST ++ ++QUERY_TYPE: soa,ns,a,aaaa,cname,mx,txt,ptr,srv,any ++ ++=head2 ntpd ++ ++ntpd [-dnqNwl] [-I IFACE] [-S PROG] [-k KEYFILE] [-p [keyno:N:]PEER]... ++ ++NTP client/server ++ ++ -d[d] Verbose ++ -n Run in foreground ++ -q Quit after clock is set ++ -N Run at high priority ++ -w Do not set time (only query peers), implies -n ++ -S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 min ++ -k FILE Key file (ntp.keys compatible) ++ -p [keyno:NUM:]PEER ++ Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated) ++ Use key NUM for authentication ++ If -p is not given, 'server HOST' lines ++ from /etc/ntp.conf are used ++ -l Also run as server on port 123 ++ -I IFACE Bind server to IFACE, implies -l ++ ++=head2 od ++ ++od [-abcdfhilovxs] [-t TYPE] [-A RADIX] [-N SIZE] [-j SKIP] [-S MINSTR] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... ++ ++Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default ++ ++=head2 openvt ++ ++openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++Start PROG on a new virtual terminal ++ ++ -c N Use specified VT ++ -s Switch to the VT ++ -w Wait for PROG to exit ++ ++=head2 partprobe ++ ++partprobe DEVICE... ++ ++Ask kernel to rescan partition table ++ ++=head2 passwd ++ ++passwd [-a ALG] [-dlu] [USER] ++ ++Change USER's password (default: current user) ++ ++ -a ALG des,md5,sha256/512,yescrypt (default des) ++ -d Set password to '' ++ -l Lock (disable) account ++ -u Unlock (enable) account ++ ++=head2 paste ++ ++paste [-d LIST] [-s] [FILE]... ++ ++Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab ++ ++ -d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab ++ -s Serial: one file at a time ++ ++=head2 patch ++ ++patch [-RNE] [-p N] [-i DIFF] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]] ++ ++ -p N Strip N leading components from file names ++ -i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin ++ -R Reverse patch ++ -N Ignore already applied patches ++ -E Remove output files if they become empty ++ --dry-run Don't actually change files ++ ++=head2 pgrep ++ ++pgrep [-flanovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] ++ ++Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN ++ ++ -l Show command name too ++ -a Show command line too ++ -f Match against entire command line ++ -n Show the newest process only ++ -o Show the oldest process only ++ -v Negate the match ++ -x Match whole name (not substring) ++ -s Match session ID (0 for current) ++ -P Match parent process ID ++ ++=head2 pidof ++ ++pidof [-s] [-o PID] [NAME]... ++ ++List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs ++ ++ -s Show only one PID ++ -o PID Omit given pid ++ Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent ++ ++=head2 ping ++ ++ping [OPTIONS] HOST ++ ++Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST ++ ++ -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++ -c CNT Send only CNT pings ++ -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++ -i SECS Interval ++ -A Ping as soon as reply is received ++ -t TTL Set TTL ++ -I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++ -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++ (after all -c CNT packets are sent) ++ -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++ (can exit earlier with -c CNT) ++ -q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++ -p HEXBYTE Payload pattern ++ ++=head2 ping6 ++ ++ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST ++ ++Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST ++ ++ -c CNT Send only CNT pings ++ -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56) ++ -i SECS Interval ++ -A Ping as soon as reply is received ++ -I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address ++ -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10) ++ (after all -c CNT packets are sent) ++ -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) ++ (can exit earlier with -c CNT) ++ -q Quiet, only display output at start/finish ++ -p HEXBYTE Payload pattern ++ ++=head2 pivot_root ++ ++pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD ++ ++Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT ++the new root file system ++ ++=head2 pkill ++ ++pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-xfvnoe] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] ++ ++Send signal to processes selected by regex PATTERN ++ ++ -l List all signals ++ -x Match whole name (not substring) ++ -f Match against entire command line ++ -s SID Match session ID (0 for current) ++ -P PPID Match parent process ID ++ -v Negate the match ++ -n Signal the newest process only ++ -o Signal the oldest process only ++ -e Display name and PID of the process being killed ++ ++=head2 pmap ++ ++pmap [-xq] PID... ++ ++Display process memory usage ++ ++ -x Show details ++ -q Quiet ++ ++=head2 popmaildir ++ ++popmaildir [OPTIONS] MAILDIR [CONN_HELPER ARGS] ++ ++Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir ++ ++ -s Skip authorization ++ -T Get messages with TOP instead of RETR ++ -k Keep retrieved messages on the server ++ -t SEC Network timeout ++ -F 'PROG ARGS' Filter program (may be repeated) ++ -M 'PROG ARGS' Delivery program ++ ++Fetch from plain POP3 server: ++popmaildir -k DIR nc pop3.server.com 110 <user_and_pass.txt ++Fetch from SSLed POP3 server and delete fetched emails: ++popmaildir DIR -- openssl s_client -quiet -connect pop3.server.com:995 <user_and_pass.txt ++ ++=head2 poweroff ++ ++poweroff [-d DELAY] [-nf] ++ ++Halt and shut off power ++ ++ -d SEC Delay interval ++ -n Do not sync ++ -f Force (don't go through init) ++ ++=head2 powertop ++ ++powertop ++ ++Analyze power consumption on Intel-based laptops ++ ++=head2 printenv ++ ++printenv [VARIABLE]... ++ ++Print environment VARIABLEs. ++If no VARIABLE specified, print all. ++ ++=head2 printf ++ ++printf FORMAT [ARG]... ++ ++Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a-la C printf) ++ ++=head2 ps ++ ++ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T] ++ ++Show list of processes ++ ++ -o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display ++ -T Show threads ++ ++=head2 pscan ++ ++pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT] HOST ++ ++Scan HOST, print all open ports ++ ++ -c Show closed ports too ++ -b Show blocked ports too ++ -p PORT Scan from this port (default 1) ++ -P PORT Scan up to this port (default 1024) ++ -t MS Timeout (default 5000 ms) ++ -T MS Minimum rtt (default 5 ms) ++ ++=head2 pstree ++ ++pstree [-p] [PID|USER] ++ ++Display process tree, optionally start from USER or PID ++ ++ -p Show pids ++ ++=head2 pwd ++ ++pwd ++ ++Print the full filename of the current working directory ++ ++=head2 pwdx ++ ++pwdx PID... ++ ++Show current directory for PIDs ++ ++=head2 raidautorun ++ ++raidautorun DEVICE ++ ++Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays ++ ++=head2 rdate ++ ++rdate [-s/-p] HOST ++ ++Set and print time from HOST using RFC 868 ++ ++ -s Only set system time ++ -p Only print time ++ ++=head2 rdev ++ ++rdev ++ ++Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/' ++ ++=head2 readahead ++ ++readahead [FILE]... ++ ++Preload FILEs to RAM ++ ++=head2 readlink ++ ++readlink [-fnv] FILE ++ ++Display the value of a symlink ++ ++ -n Don't add newline ++ -f Canonicalize by following all symlinks ++ -v Verbose ++ ++=head2 readprofile ++ ++readprofile [OPTIONS] ++ ++ -m MAPFILE (Default: /boot/System.map) ++ -p PROFILE (Default: /proc/profile) ++ -M NUM Set the profiling multiplier to NUM ++ -i Print only info about the sampling step ++ -v Verbose ++ -a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 ++ -b Print individual histogram-bin counts ++ -s Print individual counters within functions ++ -r Reset all the counters (root only) ++ -n Disable byte order auto-detection ++ ++=head2 realpath ++ ++realpath FILE... ++ ++Print absolute pathnames of FILEs ++ ++=head2 reboot ++ ++reboot [-d DELAY] [-nf] ++ ++Reboot the system ++ ++ -d SEC Delay interval ++ -n Do not sync ++ -f Force (don't go through init) ++ ++=head2 reformime ++ ++reformime [OPTIONS] ++ ++Parse MIME-encoded message on stdin ++ ++ -x PREFIX Extract content of MIME sections to files ++ -X PROG ARGS Filter content of MIME sections through PROG ++ Must be the last option ++ ++Other options are silently ignored ++ ++=head2 remove-shell ++ ++remove-shell SHELL... ++ ++Remove SHELLs from /etc/shells ++ ++=head2 renice ++ ++renice [-n] PRIORITY [[-p|g|u] ID...]... ++ ++Change scheduling priority of a running process ++ ++ -n Add PRIORITY to current nice value ++ Without -n, nice value is set to PRIORITY ++ -p Process ids (default) ++ -g Process group ids ++ -u Process user names ++ ++=head2 reset ++ ++reset ++ ++Reset terminal (ESC codes) and termios (signals, buffering, echo) ++ ++=head2 resize ++ ++resize ++ ++Resize the screen ++ ++=head2 resume ++ ++resume BLOCKDEV [OFFSET] ++ ++Restore system state from 'suspend-to-disk' data in BLOCKDEV ++ ++=head2 rev ++ ++rev [FILE]... ++ ++Reverse lines of FILE ++ ++=head2 rm ++ ++rm [-irf] FILE... ++ ++Remove (unlink) FILEs ++ ++ -i Always prompt before removing ++ -f Never prompt ++ -R,-r Recurse ++ ++=head2 rmdir ++ ++rmdir [-p] DIRECTORY... ++ ++Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty ++ ++ -p Include parents ++ --ignore-fail-on-non-empty ++ ++=head2 rmmod ++ ++rmmod MODULE... ++ ++Unload kernel modules ++ ++=head2 route ++ ++route [-ne] [-A inet[6]] [{add|del} [-net|-host] TARGET [netmask MASK] ++ [gw GATEWAY] [metric N] [mss BYTES] [window BYTES] [reject] [IFACE]] ++ ++Show or edit kernel routing tables ++ ++ -n Don't resolve names ++ -e Display other/more information ++ -A inet[6] Select address family ++ ++=head2 rpm ++ ++rpm -i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm ++ ++Manipulate RPM packages ++ ++Commands: ++ ++ -i Install package ++ -qp Query package ++ -qpi Show information ++ -qpl List contents ++ -qpd List documents ++ -qpc List config files ++ ++=head2 rpm2cpio ++ ++rpm2cpio PACKAGE.rpm ++ ++Output a cpio archive of the rpm file ++ ++=head2 rtcwake ++ ++rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME] ++ ++Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time ++ ++ -a Read clock mode from /etc/adjtime (default) ++ -l Clock is set to local time ++ -u Clock is set to UTC time ++ -d DEV Specify the RTC device ++ -m MODE Set sleep state (default: standby) ++ -s SEC Set timeout in SEC seconds from now ++ -t TIME Set timeout to TIME seconds from epoch ++ ++=head2 run-init ++ ++run-init [-d CAP,CAP...] [-n] [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS] ++ ++Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: ++ ++chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, ++execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint. ++ ++ -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch ++ -d CAPS Drop capabilities ++ -n Dry run ++ ++=head2 run-parts ++ ++run-parts [-a ARG]... [-u UMASK] [--reverse] [--test] [--exit-on-error] [--list] DIRECTORY ++ ++Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY ++ ++ -a ARG Pass ARG as argument to scripts ++ -u UMASK Set UMASK before running scripts ++ --reverse Reverse execution order ++ --test Dry run ++ --exit-on-error Exit if a script exits with non-zero ++ --list Print names of matching files even if they are not executable ++ ++=head2 runlevel ++ ++runlevel [FILE] ++ ++Find the current and previous system runlevel ++ ++If no utmp FILE exists or if no runlevel record can be found, ++print "unknown" ++ ++=head2 runsv ++ ++runsv DIR ++ ++Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service ++ ++=head2 runsvdir ++ ++runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] DIR ++ ++Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it. ++ ++ -P Put each runsv in a new session ++ -s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed ++ ++=head2 rx ++ ++rx FILE ++ ++Receive a file using the xmodem protocol ++ ++=head2 script ++ ++script [-afq] [-t[FILE]] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE] ++ ++Default OUTFILE is 'typescript' ++ ++ -a Append output ++ -c PROG Run PROG, not shell ++ -q Quiet ++ -t[FILE] Send timing to stderr or FILE ++ ++=head2 scriptreplay ++ ++scriptreplay TIMINGFILE [TYPESCRIPT [DIVISOR]] ++ ++Play back typescripts, using timing information ++ ++=head2 sed ++ ++sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] [-f FILE]... [-e CMD]... [FILE]... ++or: sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] CMD [FILE]... ++ ++ -e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed ++ -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed ++ -i[SFX] Edit files in-place (otherwise write to stdout) ++ Optionally back files up, appending SFX ++ -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space ++ -r,-E Use extended regex syntax ++ ++If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string. ++Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none). ++ ++=head2 seedrng ++ ++seedrng [-d DIR] [-n] ++ ++Seed the kernel RNG from seed files ++ ++ -d DIR Use seed files in DIR (default: /var/lib/seedrng) ++ -n Do not credit randomness, even if creditable ++ ++=head2 sendmail ++ ++sendmail [-tv] [-f SENDER] [-amLOGIN 4<user_pass.txt | -auUSER -apPASS] ++ [-w SECS] [-H 'PROG ARGS' | -S HOST] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]... ++ ++Read email from stdin and send it ++ ++Standard options: ++ ++ -t Read additional recipients from message body ++ -f SENDER For use in MAIL FROM:<sender>. Can be empty string ++ Default: -auUSER, or username of current UID ++ -o OPTIONS Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored ++ -i -oi synonym, implied and ignored ++ ++Busybox specific options: ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -w SECS Network timeout ++ -H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper. Examples: ++ openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25 ++ openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465 ++ $SMTP_ANTISPAM_DELAY: seconds to wait after helper connect ++ -S HOST[:PORT] Server (default $SMTPHOST or 127.0.0.1) ++ -amLOGIN Log in using AUTH LOGIN ++ -amPLAIN or AUTH PLAIN ++ (-amCRAM-MD5 not supported) ++ -auUSER Username for AUTH ++ -apPASS Password for AUTH ++ ++If no -a options are given, authentication is not done. ++If -amLOGIN is given but no -au/-ap, user/password is read from fd #4. ++Other options are silently ignored; -oi is implied. ++Use makemime to create emails with attachments. ++ ++=head2 seq ++ ++seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST ++ ++Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. ++FIRST, INC default to 1. ++ ++ -w Pad with leading zeros ++ -s SEP String separator ++ ++=head2 setarch ++ ++setarch PERSONALITY [-R] PROG ARGS ++ ++PERSONALITY may be: ++ ++ linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation ++ linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation ++ ++ -R Disable address space randomization ++ ++=head2 setconsole ++ ++setconsole [-r] [DEVICE] ++ ++Make writes to /dev/console appear on DEVICE (default: /dev/tty). ++Does not redirect kernel log output or reads from /dev/console. ++ ++ -r Reset: writes to /dev/console go to kernel log tty(s) ++ ++=head2 setfattr ++ ++setfattr [-h] -n|-x ATTR [-v VALUE] FILE... ++ ++Set extended attributes ++ ++ -h Do not follow symlinks ++ -x ATTR Remove attribute ATTR ++ -n ATTR Set attribute ATTR to VALUE ++ -v VALUE (default: empty) ++ ++=head2 setfont ++ ++setfont [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY] FILE ++ ++Load a console font ++ ++ -m MAPFILE Load console screen map ++ -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty ++ ++=head2 setkeycodes ++ ++setkeycodes { SCANCODE KEYCODE }... ++ ++Modify kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, ++allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes. ++ ++SCANCODE is either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), KEYCODE is decimal. ++ ++=head2 setlogcons ++ ++setlogcons [N] ++ ++Pin kernel output to VT console N. Default:0 (do not pin) ++ ++=head2 setpriv ++ ++setpriv [OPTIONS] PROG ARGS ++ ++Run PROG with different privilege settings ++ ++-d,--dump Show current capabilities ++--nnp,--no-new-privs Ignore setuid/setgid bits and file capabilities ++--inh-caps CAP,CAP Set inheritable capabilities ++--ambient-caps CAP,CAP Set ambient capabilities ++ ++=head2 setserial ++ ++setserial [-abGvz] { DEVICE [PARAMETER [ARG]]... | -g DEVICE... } ++ ++Print or set serial port parameters ++ ++ -a Print all ++ -b Print summary ++ -G Print as setserial PARAMETERs ++ -v Verbose ++ -z Zero out serial flags before setting ++ -g All args are device names ++ ++PARAMETERs: (* = takes ARG, ^ = can be turned off by preceding ^) ++ *port, *irq, *divisor, *uart, *baud_base, *close_delay, *closing_wait, ++ ^fourport, ^auto_irq, ^skip_test, ^sak, ^session_lockout, ^pgrp_lockout, ++ ^callout_nohup, ^split_termios, ^hup_notify, ^low_latency, autoconfig, ++ spd_normal, spd_hi, spd_vhi, spd_shi, spd_warp, spd_cust ++ARG for uart: ++ ++ unknown, 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A, Cirrus, 16650, 16650V2, 16750, ++ 16950, 16954, 16654, 16850, RSA, NS16550A, XSCALE, RM9000, OCTEON, AR7, ++ U6_16550A ++ ++=head2 setsid ++ ++setsid [-c] PROG ARGS ++ ++Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal ++and will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc). ++ ++ -c Set controlling terminal to stdin ++ ++=head2 setuidgid ++ ++setuidgid USER PROG ARGS ++ ++Set uid and gid to USER's uid and gid, drop supplementary group ids, ++run PROG ++ ++=head2 sh ++ ++sh [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS] ++ ++Unix shell interpreter ++ ++=head2 sha1sum ++ ++sha1sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++Print or check SHA1 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++=head2 sha256sum ++ ++sha256sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++Print or check SHA256 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++=head2 sha384sum ++ ++sha384sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++Print or check SHA384 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++=head2 sha3sum ++ ++sha3sum [-c[sw]] [-a BITS] [FILE]... ++ ++Print or check SHA3 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ -a BITS 224 (default), 256, 384, 512 ++ ++=head2 sha512sum ++ ++sha512sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... ++ ++Print or check SHA512 checksums ++ ++ -c Check sums against list in FILEs ++ -s Don't output anything, status code shows success ++ -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines ++ ++=head2 showkey ++ ++showkey [-a | -k | -s] ++ ++Show keys pressed ++ ++ -a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys ++ -k Display interpreted keycodes (default) ++ -s Display raw scan-codes ++ ++=head2 shred ++ ++shred [-fuz] [-n N] [-s SIZE] FILE... ++ ++Overwrite/delete FILEs ++ ++ -f Chmod to ensure writability ++ -s SIZE Size to write ++ -n N Overwrite N times (default 3) ++ -z Final overwrite with zeros ++ -u Remove file ++ ++=head2 shuf ++ ++shuf [-n NUM] [-o FILE] [-z] [FILE | -e [ARG...] | -i L-H] ++ ++Randomly permute lines ++ ++ -n NUM Output at most NUM lines ++ -o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output ++ -z NUL terminated output ++ -e Treat ARGs as lines ++ -i L-H Treat numbers L-H as lines ++ ++=head2 slattach ++ ++slattach [-ehmLF] [-c SCRIPT] [-s BAUD] [-p PROTOCOL] SERIAL_DEVICE ++ ++Configure serial line as SLIP network interface ++ ++ -p PROT Protocol: slip, cslip (default), slip6, clisp6, adaptive ++ -s BAUD Line speed ++ -e Exit after initialization ++ -h Exit if carrier is lost (else never exits) ++ -c PROG Run PROG on carrier loss ++ -m Do NOT set raw 8bit mode ++ -L Enable 3-wire operation ++ -F Disable RTS/CTS flow control ++ ++=head2 sleep ++ ++sleep [N]... ++ ++Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can ++have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays ++ ++=head2 smemcap ++ ++smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR ++ ++Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout ++ ++=head2 softlimit ++ ++softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES] ++ [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] ++ PROG ARGS ++ ++Set soft resource limits, then run PROG ++ ++ -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments ++ -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES ++ -d BYTES Limit data segment ++ -s BYTES Limit stack segment ++ -l BYTES Limit locked memory size ++ -o N Limit number of open files per process ++ -p N Limit number of processes per uid ++Options controlling file sizes: ++ ++ -f BYTES Limit output file sizes ++ -c BYTES Limit core file size ++Efficiency opts: ++ ++ -r BYTES Limit resident set size ++ -t N Limit CPU time, process receives ++ a SIGXCPU after N seconds ++ ++=head2 sort ++ ++sort [-nrughMcszbdfiokt] [-o FILE] [-k START[.OFS][OPTS][,END[.OFS][OPTS]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]... ++ ++Sort lines of text ++ ++ -o FILE Output to FILE ++ -c Check whether input is sorted ++ -b Ignore leading blanks ++ -f Ignore case ++ -i Ignore unprintable characters ++ -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) ++ -n Sort numbers ++ -g General numerical sort ++ -h Sort human readable numbers (2K 1G) ++ -M Sort month ++ -V Sort version ++ -t CHAR Field separator ++ -k N[,M] Sort by Nth field ++ -r Reverse sort order ++ -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) ++ -u Suppress duplicate lines ++ -z NUL terminated input and output ++ ++=head2 split ++ ++split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]] ++ ++ -b N[k|m] Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes ++ -l N Split by N lines ++ -a N Use N letters as suffix ++ ++=head2 ssl_client ++ ++ssl_client [-n SNI] { -s FD [-r FD] | HOST | -e PROG ARGS } ++ ++=head2 ssl_server ++ ++ssl_server -f PRIVKEY_CERT.pem PROG ARGSInetd-style TLS server ++ ++ -f PEMFILE HAProxy-style CRT file ++ ++=head2 start-stop-daemon ++ ++start-stop-daemon -S|-K [OPTIONS] [-- ARGS] ++ ++Search for matching processes, and then ++-S: start a process unless a matching process is found ++-K: stop all matching processes ++ ++Process matching: ++ ++ -u USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes ++ -n NAME Match processes with NAME ++ in comm field in /proc/PID/stat ++ -x EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command ++ in /proc/PID/cmdline ++ -p FILE Match a process with PID from FILE ++ All specified conditions must match ++-S only: ++ -x EXECUTABLE Program to run ++ -a NAME Zeroth argument ++ -b Background ++ -O FILE Append stdout and stderr to FILE ++ -N N Change nice level ++ -c USER[:[GRP]] Change user/group ++ -d DIR Change to DIR ++ -m Write PID to pidfile specified by -p ++-K only: ++ -s SIG Signal to send ++ -t Match only, exit with 0 if found ++Other: ++ ++ -o Exit with status 0 if nothing is done ++ -v Verbose ++ -q Quiet ++ ++=head2 stat ++ ++stat [-ltf] [-c FMT] FILE... ++ ++Display file (default) or filesystem status ++ ++ -c FMT Use the specified format ++ -f Display filesystem status ++ -L Follow links ++ -t Terse display ++ ++FMT sequences for files: ++ ++ %a Access rights in octal ++ %A Access rights in human readable form ++ %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) ++ %B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b ++ %d Device number in decimal ++ %D Device number in hex ++ %f Raw mode in hex ++ %F File type ++ %g Group ID ++ %G Group name ++ %h Number of hard links ++ %i Inode number ++ %n File name ++ %N File name, with -> TARGET if symlink ++ %o I/O block size ++ %s Total size in bytes ++ %t Major device type in hex ++ %T Minor device type in hex ++ %u User ID ++ %U User name ++ %x Time of last access ++ %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch ++ %y Time of last modification ++ %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch ++ %z Time of last change ++ %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch ++ ++FMT sequences for file systems: ++ ++ %a Free blocks available to non-superuser ++ %b Total data blocks ++ %c Total file nodes ++ %d Free file nodes ++ %f Free blocks ++ %i File System ID in hex ++ %l Maximum length of filenames ++ %n File name ++ %s Block size (for faster transfer) ++ %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) ++ %t Type in hex ++ %T Type in human readable form ++ ++=head2 strings ++ ++strings [-fo] [-t o|d|x] [-n LEN] [FILE]... ++ ++Display printable strings in a binary file ++ ++ -f Precede strings with filenames ++ -o Precede strings with octal offsets ++ -t o|d|x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16 ++ -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) ++ ++=head2 stty ++ ++stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]... ++ ++Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, ++and deviations from stty sane ++ ++ -F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin ++ -a Print all current settings in human-readable form ++ -g Print in stty-readable form ++ [SETTING] See manpage ++ ++=head2 su ++ ++su [-lmp] [-s SH] [-] [USER [FILE ARGS | -c 'CMD' [ARG0 ARGS]]] ++ ++Run shell under USER (by default, root) ++ ++ -,-l Clear environment, go to home dir, run shell as login shell ++ -p,-m Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME ++ -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' ++ -s SH Shell to use instead of user's default ++ ++=head2 sulogin ++ ++sulogin [-t N] [TTY] ++ ++Single user login ++ ++ -p Start a login shell ++ -t SEC Timeout ++ ++=head2 sum ++ ++sum [-rs] [FILE]... ++ ++Checksum and count the blocks in a file ++ ++ -r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) ++ -s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks) ++ ++=head2 sv ++ ++sv [-v] [-w SEC] CMD SERVICE_DIR... ++ ++Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. ++Commands (only first character is enough): ++ ++status: query service status ++up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it ++once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it ++down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish ++ if it exists. After it stops, don't restart service ++exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, ++ runsv exits too ++pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send ++STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service ++ ++=head2 svc ++ ++svc [-udopchaitkx] SERVICE_DIR... ++ ++Control services monitored by runsv supervisor ++ ++ -u If service is not running, start it; restart if it stops ++ -d If service is running, send TERM+CONT signals; do not restart it ++ -o Once: if service is not running, start it; do not restart it ++ -pchaitk Send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, TERM, KILL signal to service ++ -x Exit: runsv will exit as soon as the service is down ++ ++=head2 svlogd ++ ++svlogd [-tttv] [-r C] [-R CHARS] [-l MATCHLEN] [-b BUFLEN] DIR... ++ ++Read log data from stdin and write to rotated log files in DIRs ++ ++ -r C Replace non-printable characters with C ++ -R CHARS Also replace CHARS with C (default _) ++ -t Timestamp with @tai64n ++ -tt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss.sssss ++ -ttt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sssss ++ -v Verbose ++ ++DIR/config file modifies behavior: ++sSIZE - when to rotate logs (default 1000000, 0 disables) ++nNUM - number of files to retain ++!PROG - process rotated log with PROG +++,-PATTERN - (de)select line for logging ++E,ePATTERN - (de)select line for stderr ++ ++=head2 svok ++ ++svok SERVICE_DIR ++ ++Check whether runsv supervisor is running. ++Exit code is 0 if it does, 100 if it does not, ++111 (with error message) if SERVICE_DIR does not exist. ++ ++=head2 swapoff ++ ++swapoff [-a] [DEVICE] ++ ++Stop swapping on DEVICE ++ ++ -a Stop swapping on all swap devices ++ ++=head2 swapon ++ ++swapon [-a] [-e] [-d[POL]] [-p PRI] [DEVICE] ++ ++Start swapping on DEVICE ++ ++ -a Start swapping on all swap devices ++ -d[POL] Discard blocks at swapon (POL=once), ++ as freed (POL=pages), or both (POL omitted) ++ -e Silently skip devices that do not exist ++ -p PRI Set swap device priority ++ ++=head2 switch_root ++ ++switch_root [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS] ++ ++Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: ++ ++chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, ++execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint. ++ ++ -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch ++ ++=head2 sync ++ ++sync [-df] [FILE]... ++ ++Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk ++ -d Avoid syncing metadata ++ -f Sync filesystems underlying FILEs ++ ++=head2 sysctl ++ ++sysctl [-enq] { -a | -p [FILE]... | [-w] [KEY[=VALUE]]... } ++ ++Show/set kernel parameters ++ ++ -e Don't warn about unknown keys ++ -n Don't show key names ++ -q Quiet ++ -a Show all values ++ -p Set values from FILEs (default /etc/sysctl.conf) ++ -w Set values ++ ++=head2 syslogd ++ ++syslogd [OPTIONS] ++ ++System logging utility ++ ++ -n Run in foreground ++ -R HOST[:PORT] Log to HOST:PORT (default PORT:514) ++ -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) ++ -C[size_kb] Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it) ++ -K Log to kernel printk buffer (use dmesg to read it) ++ -O FILE Log to FILE (default: /var/log/messages, stdout if -) ++ -s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotation (default 200KB, 0=off) ++ -b N N rotated logs to keep (default 1, max 99, 0=purge) ++ -l N Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) ++ -S Smaller output ++ -t Strip client-generated timestamps ++ -D Drop duplicates ++ -f FILE Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf) ++ ++=head2 tac ++ ++tac [FILE]... ++ ++Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse ++ ++=head2 tail ++ ++tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]... ++ ++Print last 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin) to. ++With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header. ++ ++ -c [+]N[bkm] Print last N bytes ++ -n N[bkm] Print last N lines ++ -n +N[bkm] Start on Nth line and print the rest ++ (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2) ++ -q Never print headers ++ -v Always print headers ++ -f Print data as file grows ++ -F Same as -f, but keep retrying ++ -s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with -f ++ ++=head2 tar ++ ++tar c|x|t [-zJjahmvokO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [-T FILE] [-X FILE] [LONGOPT]... [FILE]... ++ ++Create, extract, or list files from a tar file ++ ++ c Create ++ x Extract ++ t List ++ -f FILE Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out) ++ -C DIR Change to DIR before operation ++ -v Verbose ++ -O Extract to stdout ++ -m Don't restore mtime ++ -o Don't restore user:group ++ -k Don't replace existing files ++ -z (De)compress using gzip ++ -J (De)compress using xz ++ -j (De)compress using bzip2 ++ --lzma (De)compress using lzma ++ -a (De)compress based on extension ++ -h Follow symlinks ++ -T FILE File with names to include ++ -X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude ++ --exclude PATTERN Glob pattern to exclude ++ --overwrite Replace existing files ++ --strip-components NUM NUM of leading components to strip ++ --no-recursion Don't descend in directories ++ --numeric-owner Use numeric user:group ++ --no-same-permissions Don't restore access permissions ++ --to-command COMMAND Pipe files to COMMAND ++ ++=head2 taskset ++ ++taskset [-ap] [HEXMASK | -c LIST] { PID | PROG ARGS } ++ ++Set or get CPU affinity ++ ++ -p Operate on PID ++ -a Operate on all threads ++ -c Affinity is a list, not mask ++ ++=head2 tc ++ ++tc OBJECT CMD [dev STRING] ++ ++OBJECT: qdisc|class|filter ++CMD: add|del|change|replace|show ++ ++qdisc [handle QHANDLE] [root|ingress|parent CLASSID] ++ [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS]] ++ QDISC_KIND := [p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc. ++qdisc show [dev STRING] [ingress] ++class [classid CLASSID] [root|parent CLASSID] ++ [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS] ] ++class show [ dev STRING ] [root|parent CLASSID] ++filter [pref PRIO] [protocol PROTO] ++ [root|classid CLASSID] [handle FILTERID] ++ [[FILTER_TYPE] [help|OPTIONS]] ++filter show [dev STRING] [root|parent CLASSID] ++ ++=head2 tcpsvd ++ ++tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG ++ ++Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connections. ++Run PROG for each connection. ++ ++ IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++ PROG ARGS Program to run ++ -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++ -c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++ -b N Allow backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs (default 20) ++ -C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP: ++ new connections from this IP address are closed ++ immediately, MSG is written to the peer before close ++ -E Don't set up environment ++ -h Look up peer's hostname ++ -l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++ -v Verbose ++ ++Environment if no -E: ++PROTO='TCP' ++TCPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' for IPv6) ++TCPLOCALADDR='ip:port' ++TCPORIGDSTADDR='ip:port' of destination before firewall ++ Useful for REDIRECTed-to-local connections: ++ iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to 8080 ++TCPCONCURRENCY=num_of_connects_from_this_ip ++If -h: ++TCPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is used if specified) ++TCPREMOTEHOST='hostname' ++ ++=head2 tee ++ ++tee [-ai] [FILE]... ++ ++Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout ++ ++ -a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite ++ -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT) ++ ++=head2 telnet ++ ++telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT] ++ ++Connect to telnet server ++ ++ -a Automatic login with $USER envvar ++ -l USER Automatic login as USER ++ ++=head2 telnetd ++ ++telnetd [OPTIONS] ++ ++Handle incoming telnet connections ++ ++ -l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect (default /bin/login) ++ -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue.net ++ -K Close connection as soon as login exits ++ (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) ++ -p PORT Port to listen on. Default 23 ++ -b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to ++ -F Run in foreground ++ -i Inetd mode ++ -w SEC Inetd 'wait' mode, linger time SEC ++ inetd.conf line: 23 stream tcp wait root telnetd telnetd -w10 ++ -S Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w) ++ -v Verbose ++ ++=head2 tftp ++ ++tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT] ++ ++Transfer a file from/to tftp server ++ ++ -l FILE Local FILE ++ -r FILE Remote FILE ++ -g Get file ++ -p Put file ++ -b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes ++ ++=head2 tftpd ++ ++tftpd [-crl] [-u USER] [DIR] ++ ++Transfer a file on tftp client's request ++ ++tftpd is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: ++ 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd -l /files/to/serve ++Can be run from udpsvd: ++ ++ udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve ++ ++ -r Prohibit upload ++ -c Allow file creation via upload ++ -u USER Access files as USER ++ -l Log to syslog (inetd mode requires this) ++ ++=head2 time ++ ++time [-vpa] [-o FILE] PROG ARGS ++ ++Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits ++ ++ -v Verbose ++ -p POSIX output format ++ -f FMT Custom format ++ -o FILE Write result to FILE ++ -a Append (else overwrite) ++ ++=head2 timeout ++ ++timeout [-s SIG] [-k KILL_SECS] SECS PROG ARGS ++ ++Run PROG. Send SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. ++Default SIG: TERM.If it still exists in KILL_SECS seconds, send KILL. ++ ++ ++=head2 top ++ ++top [-bmH] [-n COUNT] [-d SECONDS] ++ ++Show a view of process activity in real time. ++Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS ++and show a screenful of them. ++Keys: ++ ++ N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time ++ S: show memory ++ R: reverse sort ++ H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP ++ Q,^C: exit ++Options: ++ ++ -b Batch mode ++ -n N Exit after N iterations ++ -d SEC Delay between updates ++ -m Same as 's' key ++ -H Show threads ++ ++=head2 touch ++ ++touch [-cham] [-d DATE] [-t DATE] [-r FILE] FILE... ++ ++Update mtime of FILEs ++ ++ -c Don't create files ++ -h Don't follow links ++ -a Change only atime ++ -m Change only mtime ++ -d DT Date/time to use ++ -t DT Date/time to use ++ -r FILE Use FILE's date/time ++ ++=head2 tr ++ ++tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2] ++ ++Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout ++ ++ -c Take complement of STRING1 ++ -d Delete input characters coded STRING1 ++ -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character ++ ++=head2 traceroute ++ ++traceroute [-46IFlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] ++ [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] ++ [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES] ++ ++Trace the route to HOST ++ ++ -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution ++ -F Set don't fragment bit ++ -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++ -l Display TTL value of the returned packet ++ -n Print numeric addresses ++ -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++ -v Verbose ++ -f N First number of hops (default 1) ++ -m N Max number of hops ++ -q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++ -p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++ (default 33434) ++ -s IP Source address ++ -i IFACE Source interface ++ -t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) ++ -w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++ -z MSEC Wait before each send ++ ++=head2 traceroute6 ++ ++traceroute6 [-Inrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] ++ [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] ++ [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES] ++ ++Trace the route to HOST ++ ++ -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams ++ -n Print numeric addresses ++ -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST ++ -v Verbose ++ -f N First number of hops (default 1) ++ -m N Max number of hops ++ -q N Number of probes per hop (default 3) ++ -p N Base UDP port number used in probes ++ (default 33434) ++ -s IP Source address ++ -i IFACE Source interface ++ -t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) ++ -w SEC Wait for a response (default 3) ++ -z MSEC Wait before each send ++ ++=head2 truncate ++ ++truncate [-c] -s SIZE FILE... ++ ++Truncate FILEs to SIZE ++ ++ -c Do not create files ++ -s SIZE ++ ++=head2 ts ++ ++ts [-is] [STRFTIME] ++ ++Pipe stdin to stdout, add timestamp to each line ++ ++ -s Time since start ++ -i Time since previous line ++ ++=head2 tsort ++ ++tsort [FILE] ++ ++Topological sort ++ ++=head2 tty ++ ++tty [-s] ++ ++Print file name of stdin's terminal ++ ++ -s Print nothing, only return exit status ++ ++=head2 ttysize ++ ++ttysize [w] [h] ++ ++Print dimensions of stdin tty, or 80x24 ++ ++=head2 tunctl ++ ++tunctl [-f DEVICE] [-t NAME | -d NAME] [-u USER] [-g GRP] [-b] ++ ++Create or delete TUN/TAP interfaces ++ ++ -f DEV TUN device (default /dev/net/tun) ++ -t NAME Create iface (default: tapN) ++ -d NAME Delete iface ++ -u USER Set iface owner ++ -g GRP Set iface group ++ -b Brief output ++ ++=head2 ubiattach ++ ++ubiattach -m MTD_NUM [-d UBI_NUM] [-O VID_HDR_OFF] UBI_CTRL_DEV ++ ++Attach MTD device to UBI ++ ++ -m MTD_NUM MTD device number to attach ++ -d UBI_NUM UBI device number to assign ++ -O VID_HDR_OFF VID header offset ++ ++=head2 ubidetach ++ ++ubidetach -d UBI_NUM UBI_CTRL_DEV ++ ++Detach MTD device from UBI ++ ++ -d UBI_NUM UBI device number ++ ++=head2 ubimkvol ++ ++ubimkvol -N NAME [-s SIZE | -m] UBI_DEVICE ++ ++Create UBI volume ++ ++ -a ALIGNMENT Volume alignment (default 1) ++ -m Set volume size to maximum available ++ -n VOLID Volume ID. If not specified, ++ assigned automatically ++ -N NAME Volume name ++ -s SIZE Size in bytes ++ -t TYPE Volume type (static|dynamic) ++ ++=head2 ubirename ++ ++ubirename UBI_DEVICE OLD_VOLNAME NEW_VOLNAME [OLD2 NEW2]... ++ ++Rename UBI volumes on UBI_DEVICE ++ ++=head2 ubirmvol ++ ++ubirmvol -n VOLID | -N VOLNAME UBI_DEVICE ++ ++Remove UBI volume ++ ++ -n VOLID Volume ID ++ -N VOLNAME Volume name ++ ++=head2 ubirsvol ++ ++ubirsvol -n VOLID -s SIZE UBI_DEVICE ++ ++Resize UBI volume ++ ++ -n VOLID Volume ID ++ -s SIZE Size in bytes ++ ++=head2 ubiupdatevol ++ ++ubiupdatevol -t UBI_DEVICE | [-s SIZE] UBI_DEVICE IMG_FILE ++ ++Update UBI volume ++ ++ -t Truncate to zero size ++ -s SIZE Size in bytes to resize to ++ ++=head2 udhcpc ++ ++udhcpc [-fbqvRB] [-a[MSEC]] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC|-n] ++ [-i IFACE] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE] ++ [-oC] [-r IP] [-V VENDOR] [-F NAME] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]... ++ ++ -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) ++ -p FILE Create pidfile ++ -B Request broadcast replies ++ -t N Send up to N discover packets (default 3) ++ -T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++ -A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++ -b Background if lease is not obtained ++ -n Exit if lease is not obtained ++ -q Exit after obtaining lease ++ -R Release IP on exit ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -a[MSEC] Validate offered address with ARP ping ++ -r IP Request this IP address ++ -o Don't request any options (unless -O is given) ++ -O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++ -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++ Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++ -x hostname:bbox - option 12 ++ -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) ++ -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) ++ -x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted) ++ -F NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME ++ -V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION') ++ -C Don't send MAC as client identifier ++ -v Verbose ++Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Renew lease ++ USR2 Release lease ++ ++=head2 udhcpc6 ++ ++udhcpc6 [-fbqvR] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC|-n] [-i IFACE] [-s PROG] ++ [-p PIDFILE] [-mldo] [-r IPv6] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]... ++ ++ -i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) ++ -p FILE Create pidfile ++ -s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default6.script) ++ -t N Send up to N discover packets ++ -T SEC Pause between packets (default 3) ++ -A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20) ++ -b Background if lease is not obtained ++ -n Exit if lease is not obtained ++ -q Exit after obtaining lease ++ -R Release IP on exit ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -m Send multicast renew requests rather than unicast ones ++ -l Send 'information request' instead of 'solicit' ++ (used for servers which do not assign IPv6 addresses) ++ -r IPv6 Request this address ('no' to not request any IP) ++ -d Request prefix ++ -o Don't request any options (unless -O is given) ++ -O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) ++ -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) ++ Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: ++ -x hostname:bbox - option 12 ++ -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) ++ -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) ++ -x 14:'"dumpfile"' - option 14 (shell-quoted) ++ -v Verbose ++Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Renew lease ++ USR2 Release lease ++ ++=head2 udhcpd ++ ++udhcpd [-fS] [-I ADDR] [-a MSEC] [CONFFILE] ++ ++DHCP server ++ ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -S Log to syslog too ++ -I ADDR Local address ++ -a MSEC Timeout for ARP ping (default 2000) ++Signals: ++ ++ USR1 Update lease file ++ ++=head2 udpsvd ++ ++udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG ++ ++Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets. ++Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same ++peer ip:port to it. ++ ++ IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on ++ PROG ARGS Program to run ++ -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind ++ -c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30) ++ -E Don't set up environment ++ -h Look up peer's hostname ++ -l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS) ++ -v Verbose ++ ++Environment if no -E: ++PROTO='UDP' ++UDPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' for IPv6) ++UDPLOCALADDR='ip:port' ++If -h: ++UDPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is used if specified) ++UDPREMOTEHOST='hostname' ++ ++=head2 uevent ++ ++uevent [PROG ARGS] ++ ++uevent runs PROG for every netlink notification. ++PROG's environment contains data passed from the kernel. ++Typical usage (daemon for dynamic device node creation): ++ # uevent mdev & mdev -s ++ ++=head2 umount ++ ++umount [-rlfda] [-t FSTYPE] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY ++ ++Unmount filesystems ++ ++ -a Unmount all filesystems ++ -r Remount devices read-only if mount is busy ++ -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) ++ -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) ++ -d Free loop device if it has been used ++ -t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s) ++ ++=head2 uname ++ ++uname [-amnrspvio] ++ ++Print system information ++ ++ -a Print all ++ -m Machine (hardware) type ++ -n Hostname ++ -r Kernel release ++ -s Kernel name (default) ++ -p Processor type ++ -v Kernel version ++ -i Hardware platform ++ -o OS name ++ ++=head2 unexpand ++ ++unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]... ++ ++Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout ++ ++ -a Convert all blanks ++ -f Convert only leading blanks ++ -t N Tabstops every N chars ++ ++=head2 uniq ++ ++uniq [-cduiz] [-f,s,w N] [FILE [OUTFILE]] ++ ++Discard duplicate lines ++ ++ -c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences ++ -d Only print duplicate lines ++ -u Only print unique lines ++ -i Ignore case ++ -z NUL terminated output ++ -f N Skip first N fields ++ -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) ++ -w N Compare N characters in line ++ ++=head2 unix2dos ++ ++unix2dos [-ud] [FILE] ++ ++Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. ++When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. ++ ++ -u dos2unix ++ -d unix2dos ++ ++=head2 unlink ++ ++unlink FILE ++ ++Delete FILE by calling unlink() ++ ++=head2 unlzma ++ ++unlzma [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++=head2 unshare ++ ++unshare [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++ -m,--mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace ++ -u,--uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.) ++ -i,--ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace ++ -n,--net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace ++ -p,--pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace ++ -U,--user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace ++ -f Fork before execing PROG ++ -r Map current user to root (implies -U) ++ --mount-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies -m) ++ --propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged ++ Modify mount propagation in mount namespace ++ --setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces ++ ++=head2 unxz ++ ++unxz [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++=head2 unzip ++ ++unzip [-lnojpqK] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [-x FILE]... [-d DIR] ++ ++Extract FILEs from ZIP archive ++ ++ -l List contents (with -q for short form) ++ -n Never overwrite files (default: ask) ++ -o Overwrite ++ -j Do not restore paths ++ -p Write to stdout ++ -t Test ++ -q Quiet ++ -K Do not clear SUID bit ++ -x FILE Exclude FILEs ++ -d DIR Extract into DIR ++ ++=head2 uptime ++ ++uptime ++ ++Display the time since the last boot ++ ++=head2 users ++ ++users ++ ++Print the users currently logged on ++ ++=head2 usleep ++ ++usleep N ++ ++Pause for N microseconds ++ ++=head2 uudecode ++ ++uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE] ++ ++Uudecode a file ++Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless -o is given ++ ++=head2 uuencode ++ ++uuencode [-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME ++ ++Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout ++ ++ -m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521 ++ ++=head2 uuidgen ++ ++uuidgen ++ ++Generate a random UUID ++ ++=head2 vconfig ++ ++vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS] ++ ++Create and remove virtual ethernet devices ++ ++ add IFACE VLAN_ID ++ rem VLAN_NAME ++ set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS ++ set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++ set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS ++ set_name_type NAME_TYPE ++ ++=head2 vi ++ ++vi [-c CMD] [-R] [-H] [FILE]... ++ ++Edit FILE ++ ++ -c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT and ~/.exrc also available) ++ -R Read-only ++ -H List available features ++ ++=head2 vlock ++ ++vlock [-a] ++ ++Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock. ++ ++ -a Lock all VTs ++ ++=head2 vmstat ++ ++vmstat [-n] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] ++ ++Show virtual memory statistics ++ ++ -n Show header once ++ ++=head2 volname ++ ++volname [DEVICE] ++ ++Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom) ++ ++=head2 w ++ ++w ++ ++Show who is logged on ++ ++=head2 wall ++ ++wall [FILE] ++ ++Write content of FILE or stdin to all logged-in users ++ ++=head2 watch ++ ++watch [-n SEC] [-tx] PROG ARGS ++ ++Run PROG periodically ++ ++ -n SEC Period (default 2) ++ -t Don't print header ++ -x exec(PROG,ARGS) instead of sh -c 'PROG ARGS' ++ ++=head2 watchdog ++ ++watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV ++ ++Periodically write to watchdog device DEV ++ ++ -T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) ++ -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) ++ -F Run in foreground ++ ++Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds ++ ++=head2 wc ++ ++wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]... ++ ++Count lines, words, and bytes for FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -c Count bytes ++ -m Count characters ++ -l Count newlines ++ -w Count words ++ -L Print longest line length ++ ++=head2 wget ++ ++wget [-cqS] [--spider] [-O FILE] [-o LOGFILE] [--header STR] ++ [--post-data STR | --post-file FILE] [-Y on/off] ++ [--no-check-certificate] [-P DIR] [-U AGENT] [-T SEC] URL... ++ ++Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP ++ ++ --spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists ++ --header STR Add STR (of form 'header: value') to headers ++ --post-data STR Send STR using POST method ++ --post-file FILE Send FILE using POST method ++ --no-check-certificate Don't validate the server's certificate ++ -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer ++ -q Quiet ++ -P DIR Save to DIR (default .) ++ -S Show server response ++ -T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds ++ -O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout) ++ -o LOGFILE Log messages to FILE ++ -U STR Use STR for User-Agent header ++ -Y on/off Use proxy ++ ++=head2 which ++ ++which [-a] COMMAND... ++ ++Locate COMMAND ++ ++ -a Show all matches ++ ++=head2 who ++ ++who [-aH] ++ ++Show who is logged on ++ ++ -a Show all ++ -H Print column headers ++ ++=head2 whoami ++ ++whoami ++ ++Print the user name associated with the current effective user id ++ ++=head2 whois ++ ++whois [-i] [-h SERVER] [-p PORT] NAME... ++ ++Query WHOIS info about NAME ++ ++ -i Show redirect results too ++ -h,-p Server to query ++ ++=head2 xargs ++ ++xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] ++ ++Run PROG on every item given by stdin ++ ++ -0 NUL terminated input ++ -a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin ++ -o Reopen stdin as /dev/tty ++ -r Don't run command if input is empty ++ -t Print the command on stderr before execution ++ -p Ask user whether to run each command ++ -E STR,-e[STR] STR stops input processing ++ -I STR Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line ++ -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG ++ -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes ++ -P N Run up to N PROGs in parallel ++ -x Exit if size is exceeded ++ ++=head2 xxd ++ ++xxd [-ri] [-ps] [-g N] [-c N] [-l LEN] [-s OFS] [-o OFS] [FILE] ++ ++Hex dump FILE (or stdin) ++ ++ -g N Bytes per group (default 2) ++ -c N Bytes per line (default:16, -ps:30, -i:12) ++ -ps Show only hex bytes (no offset/spaces) ++ -i C include file style ++ -l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes ++ -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes ++ -o OFFSET Add OFFSET to displayed offset ++ -r Reverse (with -p, assumes no offsets in input) ++ ++=head2 xz ++ ++xz -d [-cfk] [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress FILEs (or stdin) ++ ++ -d Decompress ++ -c Write to stdout ++ -f Force ++ -k Keep input files ++ -t Test integrity ++ ++=head2 xzcat ++ ++xzcat [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress to stdout ++ ++=head2 yes ++ ++yes [STRING] ++ ++Repeatedly print a line with STRING, or 'y' ++ ++=head2 zcat ++ ++zcat [FILE]... ++ ++Decompress to stdout ++ ++=head2 zcip ++ ++zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT ++ ++Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address ++ ++ -f Run in foreground ++ -q Quit after obtaining address ++ -r 169.254.x.x Request this address first ++ -l x.x.0.0 Use this range instead of 169.254 ++ -v Verbose ++ ++$LOGGING=none Suppress logging ++$LOGGING=syslog Log to syslog ++ ++With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, ++exits only on I/O errors (link down etc) ++ ++=head1 LIBC NSS ++ ++GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior ++of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads ++system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented ++using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the ++/lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make ++use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions ++that require NSS. ++ ++If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions to ++directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without ++using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the need for ++installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries. ++ ++When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require ++that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, ++/etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*). ++ ++Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In ++addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the ++use of any NSS support files or libraries. ++ ++=head1 MAINTAINER ++ ++Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> ++ ++=head1 AUTHORS ++ ++The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or ++not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be ++listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be ++listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is ++incorrect, please send in an update. ++ ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it> ++ ++ run-parts ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org> ++ ++ Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the ++ core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. ++ Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that ++ nobody is going to actually read. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk> ++ ++ rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com> ++ ++ ftpput, ftpget ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Edward Betts <edward@debian.org> ++ ++ expr, hostid, logname, whoami ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org> ++ ++ du, nslookup, sort ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com> ++ ++ tiny-ls(ls) ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org> ++ ++ fbset, ping, hostname ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com> ++ ++ more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, ++ various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net> ++ ++ ipcalc ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se> ++ ++ tftp client insmod powerpc support ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov> ++ ++ pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org> ++ ++ httpd ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com> ++ ++ Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, ++ logread), various fixes. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org> ++ ++ cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org> ++ ++ mktemp.c ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu> ++ ++ documentation, bugfixes, test suite ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net> ++ ++ ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com> ++ ++ tr ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au> ++ ++ Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, ++ nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. ++ Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org> ++ ++ cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, ++ mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, ++ get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines ++ ++ also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in ++ ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, ++ mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, ++ interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru> ++ ++ cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); ++ ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; ++ locale, various fixes ++ and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com> ++ ++ Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can ++ still be found hiding here and there... ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org> ++ ++ bug fixes, member of fan club ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com> ++ ++ reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com> ++ ++ wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org> ++ ++ Lots of bugs fixes and patches. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com> ++ ++ Remote logging feature for syslogd ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com> ++ ++ mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org> ++ ++ grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), ++ style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com> ++ ++ gzip, mini-netcat(nc) ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es> ++ ++ tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it> ++ ++ devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt. ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us> ++ ++ vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name> ++ ++ port: dnsd ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com> ++ ++ misc ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> ++ ++ initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc ++ ++=for html <br> ++ ++Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com> ++ ++ fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes) ++ ++=cut +diff --color -ruN busybox-1.38.0/include/common_bufsiz.h.method modified-busybox/include/common_bufsiz.h.method +--- busybox-1.38.0/include/common_bufsiz.h.method 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100 ++++ modified-busybox/include/common_bufsiz.h.method 2026-06-04 00:42:45.037199634 +0200 +@@ -0,0 +1 @@ ++std diff --git a/templates/busybox/template b/templates/busybox/template new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2707d8a --- /dev/null +++ b/templates/busybox/template @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +pkgname=busybox +version=1.38.0 +build_no=1 +upstream="https://www.busybox.net/downloads/${pkgname}-${version}.tar.bz2" +makedepends=(bzip2) + +function do_configure { + make 0x221E_defconfig +} + +function do_build { + make -j$(nproc) +} + +function do_install { + dir="/compiled/${pkgname}-${version}-${build_no}" + mkdir -p "${dir}/usr/bin/" + cp busybox "${dir}/usr/bin/" +} |