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2018-10-18x86/kvm/lapic: always disable MMIO interface in x2APIC modeVitaly Kuznetsov
[ Upstream commit d1766202779e81d0f2a94c4650a6ba31497d369d ] When VMX is used with flexpriority disabled (because of no support or if disabled with module parameter) MMIO interface to lAPIC is still available in x2APIC mode while it shouldn't be (kvm-unit-tests): PASS: apic_disable: Local apic enabled in x2APIC mode PASS: apic_disable: CPUID.1H:EDX.APIC[bit 9] is set FAIL: apic_disable: *0xfee00030: 50014 The issue appears because we basically do nothing while switching to x2APIC mode when APIC access page is not used. apic_mmio_{read,write} only check if lAPIC is disabled before proceeding to actual write. When APIC access is virtualized we correctly manipulate with VMX controls in vmx_set_virtual_apic_mode() and we don't get vmexits from memory writes in x2APIC mode so there's no issue. Disabling MMIO interface seems to be easy. The question is: what do we do with these reads and writes? If we add apic_x2apic_mode() check to apic_mmio_in_range() and return -EOPNOTSUPP these reads and writes will go to userspace. When lAPIC is in kernel, Qemu uses this interface to inject MSIs only (see kvm_apic_mem_write() in hw/i386/kvm/apic.c). This somehow works with disabled lAPIC but when we're in xAPIC mode we will get a real injected MSI from every write to lAPIC. Not good. The simplest solution seems to be to just ignore writes to the region and return ~0 for all reads when we're in x2APIC mode. This is what this patch does. However, this approach is inconsistent with what currently happens when flexpriority is enabled: we allocate APIC access page and create KVM memory region so in x2APIC modes all reads and writes go to this pre-allocated page which is, btw, the same for all vCPUs. Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-05-01x86/ipc: Fix x32 version of shmid64_ds and msqid64_dsArnd Bergmann
commit 1a512c0882bd311c5b5561840fcfbe4c25b8f319 upstream. A bugfix broke the x32 shmid64_ds and msqid64_ds data structure layout (as seen from user space) a few years ago: Originally, __BITS_PER_LONG was defined as 64 on x32, so we did not have padding after the 64-bit __kernel_time_t fields, After __BITS_PER_LONG got changed to 32, applications would observe extra padding. In other parts of the uapi headers we seem to have a mix of those expecting either 32 or 64 on x32 applications, so we can't easily revert the path that broke these two structures. Instead, this patch decouples x32 from the other architectures and moves it back into arch specific headers, partially reverting the even older commit 73a2d096fdf2 ("x86: remove all now-duplicate header files"). It's not clear whether this ever made any difference, since at least glibc carries its own (correct) copy of both of these header files, so possibly no application has ever observed the definitions here. Based on a suggestion from H.J. Lu, I tried out the tool from https://github.com/hjl-tools/linux-header to find other such bugs, which pointed out the same bug in statfs(), which also has a separate (correct) copy in glibc. Fixes: f4b4aae18288 ("x86/headers/uapi: Fix __BITS_PER_LONG value for x32 builds") Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H . J . Lu" <hjl.tools@gmail.com> Cc: Jeffrey Walton <noloader@gmail.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180424212013.3967461-1-arnd@arndb.de Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-03-15x86/MCE: Save microcode revision in machine check recordsTony Luck
commit fa94d0c6e0f3431523f5701084d799c77c7d4a4f upstream. Updating microcode used to be relatively rare. Now that it has become more common we should save the microcode version in a machine check record to make sure that those people looking at the error have this important information bundled with the rest of the logged information. [ Borislav: Simplify a bit. ] Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Yazen Ghannam <yazen.ghannam@amd.com> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180301233449.24311-1-tony.luck@intel.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-03-11KVM: x86: fix backward migration with async_PFRadim Krčmář
commit fe2a3027e74e40a3ece3a4c1e4e51403090a907a upstream. Guests on new hypersiors might set KVM_ASYNC_PF_DELIVERY_AS_PF_VMEXIT bit when enabling async_PF, but this bit is reserved on old hypervisors, which results in a failure upon migration. To avoid breaking different cases, we are checking for CPUID feature bit before enabling the feature and nothing else. Fixes: 52a5c155cf79 ("KVM: async_pf: Let guest support delivery of async_pf from guest mode") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> [jwang: port to 4.14] Signed-off-by: Jack Wang <jinpu.wang@profitbricks.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-01-02x86/mm: Use/Fix PCID to optimize user/kernel switchesPeter Zijlstra
commit 6fd166aae78c0ab738d49bda653cbd9e3b1491cf upstream. We can use PCID to retain the TLBs across CR3 switches; including those now part of the user/kernel switch. This increases performance of kernel entry/exit at the cost of more expensive/complicated TLB flushing. Now that we have two address spaces, one for kernel and one for user space, we need two PCIDs per mm. We use the top PCID bit to indicate a user PCID (just like we use the PFN LSB for the PGD). Since we do TLB invalidation from kernel space, the existing code will only invalidate the kernel PCID, we augment that by marking the corresponding user PCID invalid, and upon switching back to userspace, use a flushing CR3 write for the switch. In order to access the user_pcid_flush_mask we use PER_CPU storage, which means the previously established SWAPGS vs CR3 ordering is now mandatory and required. Having to do this memory access does require additional registers, most sites have a functioning stack and we can spill one (RAX), sites without functional stack need to otherwise provide the second scratch register. Note: PCID is generally available on Intel Sandybridge and later CPUs. Note: Up until this point TLB flushing was broken in this series. Based-on-code-from: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@aculab.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: Eduardo Valentin <eduval@amazon.com> Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: aliguori@amazon.com Cc: daniel.gruss@iaik.tugraz.at Cc: hughd@google.com Cc: keescook@google.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-12-25x86/boot: Relocate definition of the initial state of CR0Ricardo Neri
commit b0ce5b8c95c83a7b98c679b117e3d6ae6f97154b upstream. Both head_32.S and head_64.S utilize the same value to initialize the control register CR0. Also, other parts of the kernel might want to access this initial definition (e.g., emulation code for User-Mode Instruction Prevention uses this state to provide a sane dummy value for CR0 when emulating the smsw instruction). Thus, relocate this definition to a header file from which it can be conveniently accessed. Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Signed-off-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: ricardo.neri@intel.com Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Huang Rui <ray.huang@amd.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: "Ravi V. Shankar" <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1509135945-13762-3-git-send-email-ricardo.neri-calderon@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX license identifier to uapi header files with a licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many user space API headers have licensing information, which is either incomplete, badly formatted or just a shorthand for referring to the license under which the file is supposed to be. This makes it hard for compliance tools to determine the correct license. Update these files with an SPDX license identifier. The identifier was chosen based on the license information in the file. GPL/LGPL licensed headers get the matching GPL/LGPL SPDX license identifier with the added 'WITH Linux-syscall-note' exception, which is the officially assigned exception identifier for the kernel syscall exception: NOTE! This copyright does *not* cover user programs that use kernel services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use of the kernel, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived work". This exception makes it possible to include GPL headers into non GPL code, without confusing license compliance tools. Headers which have either explicit dual licensing or are just licensed under a non GPL license are updated with the corresponding SPDX identifier and the GPLv2 with syscall exception identifier. The format is: ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR SPDX-ID-OF-OTHER-LICENSE) SPDX license identifiers are a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. The update does not remove existing license information as this has to be done on a case by case basis and the copyright holders might have to be consulted. This will happen in a separate step. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. See the previous patch in this series for the methodology of how this patch was researched. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX license identifier to uapi header files with no ↵Greg Kroah-Hartman
license Many user space API headers are missing licensing information, which makes it hard for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default are files without license information under the default license of the kernel, which is GPLV2. Marking them GPLV2 would exclude them from being included in non GPLV2 code, which is obviously not intended. The user space API headers fall under the syscall exception which is in the kernels COPYING file: NOTE! This copyright does *not* cover user programs that use kernel services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use of the kernel, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived work". otherwise syscall usage would not be possible. Update the files which contain no license information with an SPDX license identifier. The chosen identifier is 'GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note' which is the officially assigned identifier for the Linux syscall exception. SPDX license identifiers are a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. See the previous patch in this series for the methodology of how this patch was researched. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-13x86/hyper-v: Remove duplicated HV_X64_EX_PROCESSOR_MASKS_RECOMMENDED definitionVitaly Kuznetsov
Commits: 7dcf90e9e032 ("PCI: hv: Use vPCI protocol version 1.2") 628f54cc6451 ("x86/hyper-v: Support extended CPU ranges for TLB flush hypercalls") added the same definition and they came in through different trees. Fix the duplication. Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: devel@linuxdriverproject.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170911150620.3998-1-vkuznets@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-09-07Merge branch 'x86-platform-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 platform updates from Ingo Molnar: "The main changes include various Hyper-V optimizations such as faster hypercalls and faster/better TLB flushes - and there's also some Intel-MID cleanups" * 'x86-platform-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: tracing/hyper-v: Trace hyperv_mmu_flush_tlb_others() x86/hyper-v: Support extended CPU ranges for TLB flush hypercalls x86/platform/intel-mid: Make several arrays static, to make code smaller MAINTAINERS: Add missed file for Hyper-V x86/hyper-v: Use hypercall for remote TLB flush hyper-v: Globalize vp_index x86/hyper-v: Implement rep hypercalls hyper-v: Use fast hypercall for HVCALL_SIGNAL_EVENT x86/hyper-v: Introduce fast hypercall implementation x86/hyper-v: Make hv_do_hypercall() inline x86/hyper-v: Include hyperv/ only when CONFIG_HYPERV is set x86/platform/intel-mid: Make 'bt_sfi_data' const x86/platform/intel-mid: Make IRQ allocation a bit more flexible x86/platform/intel-mid: Group timers callbacks together
2017-09-06mm: arch: consolidate mmap hugetlb size encodingsMike Kravetz
A non-default huge page size can be encoded in the flags argument of the mmap system call. The definitions for these encodings are in arch specific header files. However, all architectures use the same values. Consolidate all the definitions in the primary user header file (uapi/linux/mman.h). Include definitions for all known huge page sizes. Use the generic encoding definitions in hugetlb_encode.h as the basis for these definitions. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501527386-10736-3-git-send-email-mike.kravetz@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-08-31x86/hyper-v: Support extended CPU ranges for TLB flush hypercallsVitaly Kuznetsov
Hyper-V hosts may support more than 64 vCPUs, we need to use HVCALL_FLUSH_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_SPACE_EX/LIST_EX hypercalls in this case. Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Cc: Jork Loeser <Jork.Loeser@microsoft.com> Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Simon Xiao <sixiao@microsoft.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: devel@linuxdriverproject.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802160921.21791-9-vkuznets@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-08-24x86/lguest: Remove lguest supportJuergen Gross
Lguest seems to be rather unused these days. It has seen only patches ensuring it still builds the last two years and its official state is "Odd Fixes". Remove it in order to be able to clean up the paravirt code. Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com Cc: lguest@lists.ozlabs.org Cc: rusty@rustcorp.com.au Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170816173157.8633-3-jgross@suse.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-08-10x86/hyper-v: Use hypercall for remote TLB flushVitaly Kuznetsov
Hyper-V host can suggest us to use hypercall for doing remote TLB flush, this is supposed to work faster than IPIs. Implementation details: to do HvFlushVirtualAddress{Space,List} hypercalls we need to put the input somewhere in memory and we don't really want to have memory allocation on each call so we pre-allocate per cpu memory areas on boot. pv_ops patching is happening very early so we need to separate hyperv_setup_mmu_ops() and hyper_alloc_mmu(). It is possible and easy to implement local TLB flushing too and there is even a hint for that. However, I don't see a room for optimization on the host side as both hypercall and native tlb flush will result in vmexit. The hint is also not set on modern Hyper-V versions. Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Cc: Jork Loeser <Jork.Loeser@microsoft.com> Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Simon Xiao <sixiao@microsoft.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: devel@linuxdriverproject.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802160921.21791-8-vkuznets@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-07-14KVM: async_pf: Let guest support delivery of async_pf from guest modeWanpeng Li
Adds another flag bit (bit 2) to MSR_KVM_ASYNC_PF_EN. If bit 2 is 1, async page faults are delivered to L1 as #PF vmexits; if bit 2 is 0, kvm_can_do_async_pf returns 0 if in guest mode. This is similar to what svm.c wanted to do all along, but it is only enabled for Linux as L1 hypervisor. Foreign hypervisors must never receive async page faults as vmexits, because they'd probably be very confused about that. Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@hotmail.com> Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
2017-07-08Merge tag 'pci-v4.13-changes' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci Pull PCI updates from Bjorn Helgaas: - add sysfs max_link_speed/width, current_link_speed/width (Wong Vee Khee) - make host bridge IRQ mapping much more generic (Matthew Minter, Lorenzo Pieralisi) - convert most drivers to pci_scan_root_bus_bridge() (Lorenzo Pieralisi) - mutex sriov_configure() (Jakub Kicinski) - mutex pci_error_handlers callbacks (Christoph Hellwig) - split ->reset_notify() into ->reset_prepare()/reset_done() (Christoph Hellwig) - support multiple PCIe portdrv interrupts for MSI as well as MSI-X (Gabriele Paoloni) - allocate MSI/MSI-X vector for Downstream Port Containment (Gabriele Paoloni) - fix MSI IRQ affinity pre/post/min_vecs issue (Michael Hernandez) - test INTx masking during enumeration, not at run-time (Piotr Gregor) - avoid using device_may_wakeup() for runtime PM (Rafael J. Wysocki) - restore the status of PCI devices across hibernation (Chen Yu) - keep parent resources that start at 0x0 (Ard Biesheuvel) - enable ECRC only if device supports it (Bjorn Helgaas) - restore PRI and PASID state after Function-Level Reset (CQ Tang) - skip DPC event if device is not present (Keith Busch) - check domain when matching SMBIOS info (Sujith Pandel) - mark Intel XXV710 NIC INTx masking as broken (Alex Williamson) - avoid AMD SB7xx EHCI USB wakeup defect (Kai-Heng Feng) - work around long-standing Macbook Pro poweroff issue (Bjorn Helgaas) - add Switchtec "running" status flag (Logan Gunthorpe) - fix dra7xx incorrect RW1C IRQ register usage (Arvind Yadav) - modify xilinx-nwl IRQ chip for legacy interrupts (Bharat Kumar Gogada) - move VMD SRCU cleanup after bus, child device removal (Jon Derrick) - add Faraday clock handling (Linus Walleij) - configure Rockchip MPS and reorganize (Shawn Lin) - limit Qualcomm TLP size to 2K (hardware issue) (Srinivas Kandagatla) - support Tegra MSI 64-bit addressing (Thierry Reding) - use Rockchip normal (not privileged) register bank (Shawn Lin) - add HiSilicon Kirin SoC PCIe controller driver (Xiaowei Song) - add Sigma Designs Tango SMP8759 PCIe controller driver (Marc Gonzalez) - add MediaTek PCIe host controller support (Ryder Lee) - add Qualcomm IPQ4019 support (John Crispin) - add HyperV vPCI protocol v1.2 support (Jork Loeser) - add i.MX6 regulator support (Quentin Schulz) * tag 'pci-v4.13-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci: (113 commits) PCI: tango: Add Sigma Designs Tango SMP8759 PCIe host bridge support PCI: Add DT binding for Sigma Designs Tango PCIe controller PCI: rockchip: Use normal register bank for config accessors dt-bindings: PCI: Add documentation for MediaTek PCIe PCI: Remove __pci_dev_reset() and pci_dev_reset() PCI: Split ->reset_notify() method into ->reset_prepare() and ->reset_done() PCI: xilinx: Make of_device_ids const PCI: xilinx-nwl: Modify IRQ chip for legacy interrupts PCI: vmd: Move SRCU cleanup after bus, child device removal PCI: vmd: Correct comment: VMD domains start at 0x10000, not 0x1000 PCI: versatile: Add local struct device pointers PCI: tegra: Do not allocate MSI target memory PCI: tegra: Support MSI 64-bit addressing PCI: rockchip: Use local struct device pointer consistently PCI: rockchip: Check for clk_prepare_enable() errors during resume MAINTAINERS: Remove Wenrui Li as Rockchip PCIe driver maintainer PCI: rockchip: Configure RC's MPS setting PCI: rockchip: Reconfigure configuration space header type PCI: rockchip: Split out rockchip_pcie_cfg_configuration_accesses() PCI: rockchip: Move configuration accesses into rockchip_pcie_cfg_atu() ...
2017-07-07Merge tag 'kbuild-v4.13' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada: - Clean up Makefiles and scripts - Improve clang support - Remove unneeded genhdr-y syntax - Remove unneeded cc-option-align macro - Introduce __cc-option macro and use it to fix x86 boot code compiler flags * tag 'kbuild-v4.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: kbuild: improve comments on KBUILD_SRC x86/build: Specify stack alignment for clang x86/build: Use __cc-option for boot code compiler options kbuild: Add __cc-option macro kbuild: remove cc-option-align kbuild: replace genhdr-y with generated-y kbuild: clang: Disable 'address-of-packed-member' warning kbuild: remove duplicated arch/*/include/generated/uapi include path kbuild: speed up checksyscalls.sh kbuild: simplify silent build (-s) detection
2017-07-03Merge branch 'x86-mm-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 mm updates from Ingo Molnar: "The main changes in this cycle were: - Continued work to add support for 5-level paging provided by future Intel CPUs. In particular we switch the x86 GUP code to the generic implementation. (Kirill A. Shutemov) - Continued work to add PCID CPU support to native kernels as well. In this round most of the focus is on reworking/refreshing the TLB flush infrastructure for the upcoming PCID changes. (Andy Lutomirski)" * 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (34 commits) x86/mm: Delete a big outdated comment about TLB flushing x86/mm: Don't reenter flush_tlb_func_common() x86/KASLR: Fix detection 32/64 bit bootloaders for 5-level paging x86/ftrace: Exclude functions in head64.c from function-tracing x86/mmap, ASLR: Do not treat unlimited-stack tasks as legacy mmap x86/mm: Remove reset_lazy_tlbstate() x86/ldt: Simplify the LDT switching logic x86/boot/64: Put __startup_64() into .head.text x86/mm: Add support for 5-level paging for KASLR x86/mm: Make kernel_physical_mapping_init() support 5-level paging x86/mm: Add sync_global_pgds() for configuration with 5-level paging x86/boot/64: Add support of additional page table level during early boot x86/boot/64: Rename init_level4_pgt and early_level4_pgt x86/boot/64: Rewrite startup_64() in C x86/boot/compressed: Enable 5-level paging during decompression stage x86/boot/efi: Define __KERNEL32_CS GDT on 64-bit configurations x86/boot/efi: Fix __KERNEL_CS definition of GDT entry on 64-bit configurations x86/boot/efi: Cleanup initialization of GDT entries x86/asm: Fix comment in return_from_SYSCALL_64() x86/mm/gup: Switch GUP to the generic get_user_page_fast() implementation ...
2017-07-02PCI: hv: Use vPCI protocol version 1.2Jork Loeser
Update the Hyper-V vPCI driver to use the Server-2016 version of the vPCI protocol, fixing MSI creation and retargeting issues. Signed-off-by: Jork Loeser <jloeser@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Reviewed-by: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Acked-by: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com>
2017-06-22x86/hyperv: Check frequency MSRs presence according to the specificationVitaly Kuznetsov
Hyper-V TLFS specifies two bits which should be checked before accessing frequency MSRs: - AccessFrequencyMsrs (BIT(11) in EAX) which indicates if we have access to frequency MSRs. - FrequencyMsrsAvailable (BIT(8) in EDX) which indicates is these MSRs are present. Rename and specify these bits accordingly. Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Cc: Ladi Prosek <lprosek@redhat.com> Cc: Jork Loeser <jloeser@microsoft.com> Cc: devel@linuxdriverproject.org Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170622100730.18112-2-vkuznets@redhat.com
2017-06-22kbuild: replace genhdr-y with generated-yMasahiro Yamada
Originally, generated-y and genhdr-y had different meaning, like follows: - generated-y: generated headers (other than asm-generic wrappers) - header-y : headers to be exported - genhdr-y : generated headers to be exported (generated-y + header-y) Since commit fcc8487d477a ("uapi: export all headers under uapi directories"), headers under UAPI directories are all exported. So, there is no more difference between generated-y and genhdr-y. We see two users of genhdr-y, arch/{arm,x86}/include/uapi/asm/Kbuild. They generate some headers in arch/{arm,x86}/include/generated/uapi/asm directories, which are obviously exported. Replace them with generated-y, and abolish genhdr-y. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> Acked-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
2017-06-13x86/boot/64: Add support of additional page table level during early bootKirill A. Shutemov
This patch adds support for 5-level paging during early boot. It generalizes boot for 4- and 5-level paging on 64-bit systems with compile-time switch between them. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170606113133.22974-10-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-05-11uapi: export all headers under uapi directoriesNicolas Dichtel
Regularly, when a new header is created in include/uapi/, the developer forgets to add it in the corresponding Kbuild file. This error is usually detected after the release is out. In fact, all headers under uapi directories should be exported, thus it's useless to have an exhaustive list. After this patch, the following files, which were not exported, are now exported (with make headers_install_all): asm-arc/kvm_para.h asm-arc/ucontext.h asm-blackfin/shmparam.h asm-blackfin/ucontext.h asm-c6x/shmparam.h asm-c6x/ucontext.h asm-cris/kvm_para.h asm-h8300/shmparam.h asm-h8300/ucontext.h asm-hexagon/shmparam.h asm-m32r/kvm_para.h asm-m68k/kvm_para.h asm-m68k/shmparam.h asm-metag/kvm_para.h asm-metag/shmparam.h asm-metag/ucontext.h asm-mips/hwcap.h asm-mips/reg.h asm-mips/ucontext.h asm-nios2/kvm_para.h asm-nios2/ucontext.h asm-openrisc/shmparam.h asm-parisc/kvm_para.h asm-powerpc/perf_regs.h asm-sh/kvm_para.h asm-sh/ucontext.h asm-tile/shmparam.h asm-unicore32/shmparam.h asm-unicore32/ucontext.h asm-x86/hwcap2.h asm-xtensa/kvm_para.h drm/armada_drm.h drm/etnaviv_drm.h drm/vgem_drm.h linux/aspeed-lpc-ctrl.h linux/auto_dev-ioctl.h linux/bcache.h linux/btrfs_tree.h linux/can/vxcan.h linux/cifs/cifs_mount.h linux/coresight-stm.h linux/cryptouser.h linux/fsmap.h linux/genwqe/genwqe_card.h linux/hash_info.h linux/kcm.h linux/kcov.h linux/kfd_ioctl.h linux/lightnvm.h linux/module.h linux/nbd-netlink.h linux/nilfs2_api.h linux/nilfs2_ondisk.h linux/nsfs.h linux/pr.h linux/qrtr.h linux/rpmsg.h linux/sched/types.h linux/sed-opal.h linux/smc.h linux/smc_diag.h linux/stm.h linux/switchtec_ioctl.h linux/vfio_ccw.h linux/wil6210_uapi.h rdma/bnxt_re-abi.h Note that I have removed from this list the files which are generated in every exported directories (like .install or .install.cmd). Thanks to Julien Floret <julien.floret@6wind.com> for the tip to get all subdirs with a pure makefile command. For the record, note that exported files for asm directories are a mix of files listed by: - include/uapi/asm-generic/Kbuild.asm; - arch/<arch>/include/uapi/asm/Kbuild; - arch/<arch>/include/asm/Kbuild. Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com> Acked-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk> Acked-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc) Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2017-05-11x86: stop exporting msr-index.h to userlandNicolas Dichtel
Even if this file was not in an uapi directory, it was exported because it was listed in the Kbuild file. Fixes: b72e7464e4cf ("x86/uapi: Do not export <asm/msr-index.h> as part of the user API headers") Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Signed-off-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2017-05-08Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvmLinus Torvalds
Pull KVM updates from Paolo Bonzini: "ARM: - HYP mode stub supports kexec/kdump on 32-bit - improved PMU support - virtual interrupt controller performance improvements - support for userspace virtual interrupt controller (slower, but necessary for KVM on the weird Broadcom SoCs used by the Raspberry Pi 3) MIPS: - basic support for hardware virtualization (ImgTec P5600/P6600/I6400 and Cavium Octeon III) PPC: - in-kernel acceleration for VFIO s390: - support for guests without storage keys - adapter interruption suppression x86: - usual range of nVMX improvements, notably nested EPT support for accessed and dirty bits - emulation of CPL3 CPUID faulting generic: - first part of VCPU thread request API - kvm_stat improvements" * tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (227 commits) kvm: nVMX: Don't validate disabled secondary controls KVM: put back #ifndef CONFIG_S390 around kvm_vcpu_kick Revert "KVM: Support vCPU-based gfn->hva cache" tools/kvm: fix top level makefile KVM: x86: don't hold kvm->lock in KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING KVM: Documentation: remove VM mmap documentation kvm: nVMX: Remove superfluous VMX instruction fault checks KVM: x86: fix emulation of RSM and IRET instructions KVM: mark requests that need synchronization KVM: return if kvm_vcpu_wake_up() did wake up the VCPU KVM: add explicit barrier to kvm_vcpu_kick KVM: perform a wake_up in kvm_make_all_cpus_request KVM: mark requests that do not need a wakeup KVM: remove #ifndef CONFIG_S390 around kvm_vcpu_wake_up KVM: x86: always use kvm_make_request instead of set_bit KVM: add kvm_{test,clear}_request to replace {test,clear}_bit s390: kvm: Cpu model support for msa6, msa7 and msa8 KVM: x86: remove irq disablement around KVM_SET_CLOCK/KVM_GET_CLOCK kvm: better MWAIT emulation for guests KVM: x86: virtualize cpuid faulting ...
2017-05-04Merge tag 'char-misc-4.12-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc Pull char/misc driver updates from Greg KH: "Here is the big set of new char/misc driver drivers and features for 4.12-rc1. There's lots of new drivers added this time around, new firmware drivers from Google, more auxdisplay drivers, extcon drivers, fpga drivers, and a bunch of other driver updates. Nothing major, except if you happen to have the hardware for these drivers, and then you will be happy :) All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported issues" * tag 'char-misc-4.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (136 commits) firmware: google memconsole: Fix return value check in platform_memconsole_init() firmware: Google VPD: Fix return value check in vpd_platform_init() goldfish_pipe: fix build warning about using too much stack. goldfish_pipe: An implementation of more parallel pipe fpga fr br: update supported version numbers fpga: region: release FPGA region reference in error path fpga altera-hps2fpga: disable/unprepare clock on error in alt_fpga_bridge_probe() mei: drop the TODO from samples firmware: Google VPD sysfs driver firmware: Google VPD: import lib_vpd source files misc: lkdtm: Add volatile to intentional NULL pointer reference eeprom: idt_89hpesx: Add OF device ID table misc: ds1682: Add OF device ID table misc: tsl2550: Add OF device ID table w1: Remove unneeded use of assert() and remove w1_log.h w1: Use kernel common min() implementation uio_mf624: Align memory regions to page size and set correct offsets uio_mf624: Refactor memory info initialization uio: Allow handling of non page-aligned memory regions hangcheck-timer: Fix typo in comment ...
2017-05-01Merge branch 'x86-boot-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 boot updates from Ingo Molnar: "The biggest changes in this cycle were: - reworking of the e820 code: separate in-kernel and boot-ABI data structures and apply a whole range of cleanups to the kernel side. No change in functionality. - enable KASLR by default: it's used by all major distros and it's out of the experimental stage as well. - ... misc fixes and cleanups" * 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (63 commits) x86/KASLR: Fix kexec kernel boot crash when KASLR randomization fails x86/reboot: Turn off KVM when halting a CPU x86/boot: Fix BSS corruption/overwrite bug in early x86 kernel startup x86: Enable KASLR by default boot/param: Move next_arg() function to lib/cmdline.c for later reuse x86/boot: Fix Sparse warning by including required header file x86/boot/64: Rename start_cpu() x86/xen: Update e820 table handling to the new core x86 E820 code x86/boot: Fix pr_debug() API braindamage xen, x86/headers: Add <linux/device.h> dependency to <asm/xen/page.h> x86/boot/e820: Simplify e820__update_table() x86/boot/e820: Separate the E820 ABI structures from the in-kernel structures x86/boot/e820: Fix and clean up e820_type switch() statements x86/boot/e820: Rename the remaining E820 APIs to the e820__*() prefix x86/boot/e820: Remove unnecessary #include's x86/boot/e820: Rename e820_mark_nosave_regions() to e820__register_nosave_regions() x86/boot/e820: Rename e820_reserve_resources*() to e820__reserve_resources*() x86/boot/e820: Use bool in query APIs x86/boot/e820: Document e820__reserve_setup_data() x86/boot/e820: Clean up __e820__update_table() et al ...
2017-04-21Merge branch 'x86/process' of ↵Paolo Bonzini
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip into HEAD Required for KVM support of the CPUID faulting feature. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2017-04-07kvm: make KVM_COALESCED_MMIO_PAGE_OFFSET publicPaolo Bonzini
Its value has never changed; we might as well make it part of the ABI instead of using the return value of KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION(KVM_CAP_COALESCED_MMIO). Because PPC does not always make MMIO available, the code has to be made dependent on CONFIG_KVM_MMIO rather than KVM_COALESCED_MMIO_PAGE_OFFSET. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
2017-04-07KVM: VMX: add missing exit reasonsPaolo Bonzini
In order to simplify adding exit reasons in the future, the array of exit reason names is now also sorted by exit reason code. Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
2017-03-20x86/arch_prctl: Add ARCH_[GET|SET]_CPUIDKyle Huey
Intel supports faulting on the CPUID instruction beginning with Ivy Bridge. When enabled, the processor will fault on attempts to execute the CPUID instruction with CPL>0. Exposing this feature to userspace will allow a ptracer to trap and emulate the CPUID instruction. When supported, this feature is controlled by toggling bit 0 of MSR_MISC_FEATURES_ENABLES. It is documented in detail in Section 2.3.2 of https://bugzilla.kernel.org/attachment.cgi?id=243991 Implement a new pair of arch_prctls, available on both x86-32 and x86-64. ARCH_GET_CPUID: Returns the current CPUID state, either 0 if CPUID faulting is enabled (and thus the CPUID instruction is not available) or 1 if CPUID faulting is not enabled. ARCH_SET_CPUID: Set the CPUID state to the second argument. If cpuid_enabled is 0 CPUID faulting will be activated, otherwise it will be deactivated. Returns ENODEV if CPUID faulting is not supported on this system. The state of the CPUID faulting flag is propagated across forks, but reset upon exec. Signed-off-by: Kyle Huey <khuey@kylehuey.com> Cc: Grzegorz Andrejczuk <grzegorz.andrejczuk@intel.com> Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com> Cc: Robert O'Callahan <robert@ocallahan.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: user-mode-linux-devel@lists.sourceforge.net Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: user-mode-linux-user@lists.sourceforge.net Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Cc: Dmitry Safonov <dsafonov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170320081628.18952-9-khuey@kylehuey.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-03-17Drivers: hv: Base autoeoi enablement based on hypervisor hintsK. Y. Srinivasan
Don't enable auto-eoi if the hypervisor recommends otherwise. This will enable vAPIC functionality if available. Signed-off-by: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-03-17Drivers: hv: Fix a typoK. Y. Srinivasan
Fix a typo in the macro. Signed-off-by: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-03-01x86/boot: Correct setup_header.start_sys nameBorislav Petkov
It is called start_sys_seg elsewhere so rename it to that. It is an obsolete field so we could just as well directly call it __u16 __pad... No functional change. Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170221183639.16554-1-bp@alien8.de Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-03-01Merge branch 'linus' into WIP.x86/boot, to fix up conflicts and to pick up ↵Ingo Molnar
updates Conflicts: arch/x86/xen/setup.c Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-02-22Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvmLinus Torvalds
Pull KVM updates from Paolo Bonzini: "4.11 is going to be a relatively large release for KVM, with a little over 200 commits and noteworthy changes for most architectures. ARM: - GICv3 save/restore - cache flushing fixes - working MSI injection for GICv3 ITS - physical timer emulation MIPS: - various improvements under the hood - support for SMP guests - a large rewrite of MMU emulation. KVM MIPS can now use MMU notifiers to support copy-on-write, KSM, idle page tracking, swapping, ballooning and everything else. KVM_CAP_READONLY_MEM is also supported, so that writes to some memory regions can be treated as MMIO. The new MMU also paves the way for hardware virtualization support. PPC: - support for POWER9 using the radix-tree MMU for host and guest - resizable hashed page table - bugfixes. s390: - expose more features to the guest - more SIMD extensions - instruction execution protection - ESOP2 x86: - improved hashing in the MMU - faster PageLRU tracking for Intel CPUs without EPT A/D bits - some refactoring of nested VMX entry/exit code, preparing for live migration support of nested hypervisors - expose yet another AVX512 CPUID bit - host-to-guest PTP support - refactoring of interrupt injection, with some optimizations thrown in and some duct tape removed. - remove lazy FPU handling - optimizations of user-mode exits - optimizations of vcpu_is_preempted() for KVM guests generic: - alternative signaling mechanism that doesn't pound on tsk->sighand->siglock" * tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (195 commits) x86/kvm: Provide optimized version of vcpu_is_preempted() for x86-64 x86/paravirt: Change vcp_is_preempted() arg type to long KVM: VMX: use correct vmcs_read/write for guest segment selector/base x86/kvm/vmx: Defer TR reload after VM exit x86/asm/64: Drop __cacheline_aligned from struct x86_hw_tss x86/kvm/vmx: Simplify segment_base() x86/kvm/vmx: Get rid of segment_base() on 64-bit kernels x86/kvm/vmx: Don't fetch the TSS base from the GDT x86/asm: Define the kernel TSS limit in a macro kvm: fix page struct leak in handle_vmon KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Disable HPT resizing on POWER9 for now KVM: Return an error code only as a constant in kvm_get_dirty_log() KVM: Return an error code only as a constant in kvm_get_dirty_log_protect() KVM: Return directly after a failed copy_from_user() in kvm_vm_compat_ioctl() KVM: x86: remove code for lazy FPU handling KVM: race-free exit from KVM_RUN without POSIX signals KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Turn "KVM guest htab" message into a debug message KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Ratelimit copy data failure error messages KVM: Support vCPU-based gfn->hva cache KVM: use separate generations for each address space ...
2017-02-22Merge tag 'char-misc-4.11-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc Pull char/misc driver updates from Greg KH: "Here is the big char/misc driver patchset for 4.11-rc1. Lots of different driver subsystems updated here: rework for the hyperv subsystem to handle new platforms better, mei and w1 and extcon driver updates, as well as a number of other "minor" driver updates. All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported issues" * tag 'char-misc-4.11-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (169 commits) goldfish: Sanitize the broken interrupt handler x86/platform/goldfish: Prevent unconditional loading vmbus: replace modulus operation with subtraction vmbus: constify parameters where possible vmbus: expose hv_begin/end_read vmbus: remove conditional locking of vmbus_write vmbus: add direct isr callback mode vmbus: change to per channel tasklet vmbus: put related per-cpu variable together vmbus: callback is in softirq not workqueue binder: Add support for file-descriptor arrays binder: Add support for scatter-gather binder: Add extra size to allocator binder: Refactor binder_transact() binder: Support multiple /dev instances binder: Deal with contexts in debugfs binder: Support multiple context managers binder: Split flat_binder_object auxdisplay: ht16k33: remove private workqueue auxdisplay: ht16k33: rework input device initialization ...
2017-02-20Merge branch 'x86-cpufeature-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 cpufeature updates from Ingo Molnar: "The main changes in this cycle were related to enable ring-3 MONITOR/MWAIT instructions support on supported CPUs, by Grzegorz Andrejczuk and Piotr Luc" * 'x86-cpufeature-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/cpufeature: Move RING3MWAIT feature to avoid conflicts x86/cpufeature: Enable RING3MWAIT for Knights Mill x86/cpufeature: Enable RING3MWAIT for Knights Landing x86/cpufeature: Add RING3MWAIT to CPU features x86/elf: Add HWCAP2 to expose ring 3 MONITOR/MWAIT x86/msr: Add MSR_MISC_FEATURE_ENABLES and RING3MWAIT bit x86/cpufeature: Add AVX512_VPOPCNTDQ feature
2017-02-07KVM: x86: add KVM_HC_CLOCK_PAIRING hypercallMarcelo Tosatti
Add a hypercall to retrieve the host realtime clock and the TSC value used to calculate that clock read. Used to implement clock synchronization between host and guest. Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2017-02-07efi: Get and store the secure boot statusDavid Howells
Get the firmware's secure-boot status in the kernel boot wrapper and stash it somewhere that the main kernel image can find. The efi_get_secureboot() function is extracted from the ARM stub and (a) generalised so that it can be called from x86 and (b) made to use efi_call_runtime() so that it can be run in mixed-mode. For x86, it is stored in boot_params and can be overridden by the boot loader or kexec. This allows secure-boot mode to be passed on to a new kernel. Suggested-by: Lukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1486380166-31868-5-git-send-email-ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org [ Small readability edits. ] Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-02-04x86/elf: Add HWCAP2 to expose ring 3 MONITOR/MWAITGrzegorz Andrejczuk
Introduce ELF_HWCAP2 variable for x86 and reserve its bit 0 to expose the ring 3 MONITOR/MWAIT. HWCAP variables contain bitmasks which can be used by userspace applications to detect which instruction sets are supported by CPU. On x86 architecture information about CPU capabilities can be checked via CPUID instructions, unfortunately presence of ring 3 MONITOR/MWAIT feature cannot be checked this way. ELF_HWCAP cannot be used as well, because on x86 it is set to CPUID[1].EDX which means that all bits are reserved there. HWCAP2 approach was chosen because it reuses existing solution present in other architectures, so only minor modifications are required to the kernel and userspace applications. When ELF_HWCAP2 is defined kernel maps it to AT_HWCAP2 during the start of the application. This way the ring 3 MONITOR/MWAIT feature can be detected using getauxval() API in a simple and fast manner. ELF_HWCAP2 type is u32 to be consistent with x86 ELF_HWCAP type. Signed-off-by: Grzegorz Andrejczuk <grzegorz.andrejczuk@intel.com> Cc: Piotr.Luc@intel.com Cc: dave.hansen@linux.intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1484918557-15481-3-git-send-email-grzegorz.andrejczuk@intel.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-01-29x86/boot/e820: Separate the E820 ABI structures from the in-kernel structuresIngo Molnar
Linus pointed out that relying on the compiler to pack structures with enums is fragile not just for the kernel, but for external tooling as well which might rely on our UAPI headers. So separate the two from each other: introduce 'struct boot_e820_entry', which is the boot protocol entry format. This actually simplifies the code, as e820__update_table() is now never called directly with boot protocol table entries - we can rely on append_e820_table() and do a e820__update_table() call afterwards. ( This will allow further simplifications of __e820__update_table(), but that will be done in a separate patch. ) This change also has the side effect of not modifying the bootparams structure anymore - which might be useful for debugging. In theory we could even constify the boot_params structure - at least from the E820 code's point of view. Remove the uapi/asm/e820/types.h file, as it's not used anymore - all kernel side E820 types are defined in asm/e820/types.h. Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-01-28x86/boot/e820: Clean up the E820 table size define namesIngo Molnar
We've got a number of defines related to the E820 table and its size: E820MAP E820NR E820_X_MAX E820MAX The first two denote byte offsets into the zeropage (struct boot_params), and can are not used in the kernel and can be removed. The E820_*_MAX values have an inconsistent structure and it's unclear in any case what they mean. 'X' presuably goes for extended - but it's not very expressive altogether. Change these over to: E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE E820_MAX_ENTRIES ... which are self-explanatory names. No change in functionality. Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-01-28x86/boot/e820: Prefix the E820_* type names with "E820_TYPE_"Ingo Molnar
So there's a number of constants that start with "E820" but which are not types - these create a confusing mixture when seen together with 'enum e820_type' values: E820MAP E820NR E820_X_MAX E820MAX To better differentiate the 'enum e820_type' values prefix them with E820_TYPE_. No change in functionality. Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-01-28x86/boot/e820: Use 'enum e820_type' in 'struct e820_entry'Ingo Molnar
Use a stricter type for struct e820_entry. Add a build-time check to make sure the compiler won't ever pack the enum into a field smaller than 'int'. No change in functionality. Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-01-28x86/boot/e820: Rename everything to e820_tableIngo Molnar
No change in functionality. Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-01-28x86/boot/e820: Rename 'e820_map' variables to 'e820_array'Ingo Molnar
In line with the rename to 'struct e820_array', harmonize the naming of common e820 table variable names as well: e820 => e820_array e820_saved => e820_array_saved e820_map => e820_array initial_e820 => e820_array_init This makes the variable names more consistent and easier to grep for. No change in functionality. Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-01-28x86/boot/e820: Rename the basic e820 data types to 'struct e820_entry' and ↵Ingo Molnar
'struct e820_array' The 'e820entry' and 'e820map' names have various annoyances: - the missing underscore departs from the usual kernel style and makes the code look weird, - in the past I kept confusing the 'map' with the 'entry', because a 'map' is ambiguous in that regard, - it's not really clear from the 'e820map' that this is a regular C array. Rename them to 'struct e820_entry' and 'struct e820_array' accordingly. ( Leave the legacy UAPI header alone but do the rename in the bootparam.h and e820/types.h file - outside tools relying on these defines should either adjust their code, or should use the legacy header, or should create their private copies for the definitions. ) No change in functionality. Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-01-28x86/boot/e820: Split minimal UAPI types out into uapi/asm/e820/types.hIngo Molnar
bootparam.h, which defines the legacy 'zeropage' boot parameter area, requires a small amount of e280 defines in the UAPI space - provide them. No change in functionality. Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Huang, Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>