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2026-01-26mm/rmap: remove unnecessary root lock dance in anon_vma clone, unmapLorenzo Stoakes
The root anon_vma of all anon_vma's linked to a VMA must by definition be the same - a VMA and all of its descendants/ancestors must exist in the same CoW chain. Commit bb4aa39676f7 ("mm: avoid repeated anon_vma lock/unlock sequences in anon_vma_clone()") introduced paranoid checking of the root anon_vma remaining the same throughout all AVC's in 2011. I think 15 years later we can safely assume that this is always the case. Additionally, since unfaulted VMAs being cloned from or unlinked are no-op's, we can simply lock the anon_vma's associated with this rather than doing any specific dance around this. This removes unnecessary checks and makes it clear that the root anon_vma is shared between all anon_vma's in a given VMA's anon_vma_chain. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/838030d2f0772b99fa99ff4b4fd571353f14a1a9.1768746221.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> Cc: Chris Li <chriscli@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/rmap: skip unfaulted VMAs on anon_vma clone, unlinkLorenzo Stoakes
For both anon_vma_clone() and unlink_anon_vmas(), if the source VMA or the VMA to be linked are unfaulted (e.g. !vma->anon_vma), then the functions do nothing. Simply exit early in these cases. In the unlink_anon_vmas() case we can also remove a conditional that checks whether vma->anon_vma is set. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/085a25f7528e1c8c687276e9b856e88dc8f105ca.1768746221.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> Cc: Chris Li <chriscli@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/rmap: eliminate partial anon_vma tear-down in anon_vma_fork()Lorenzo Stoakes
We have spun a web of unnecessary headaches for ourselves in anon_vma_fork() with the introduction of the anon_vma reuse logic, as introduced by commit 7a3ef208e662 ("mm: prevent endless growth of anon_vma hierarchy"). When we clone anon_vma's linked to a VMA via vma->anon_vma_chain, we check each anon_vma for specific conditions, and if met we set vma->anon_vma to this anon_vma to indicate we will reuse it rather than allocating a new one. It triggers upon the first ancestor anon_vma found that possesses at most 1 child, and no active VMAs. This was implemented such that if you continually fork and free VMAs, you would achieve anon_vma reuse rather than continually allocating unnecessary new anon_vma's. This however brings an unfortunate situation should a memory allocation fail during this process. anon_vma_fork(): 1. Clones the anon_vma. 2. If no reuse (i.e. !vma->anon_vma), tries to allocate anon_vma, AVC. 3. If 2 fails, we are forced to unwind step 1 by invoking unlink_anon_vmas(vma). This means that we send a partially set up (i.e. invalid) VMA to unlink_anon_vmas(). Doing this is dangerous and confusing - it is reasonable for kernel developers to assume unlink_anon_vmas() is called on a correctly established vma, and thus confusion arises if logic is implemented there to account for invalid VMAs, and further development might introduce subtle bugs. It is especially problematic in the anon rmap implementation which is essentially a broken abstraction. The patch solves the issue by simply trying to allocate the anon_vma and AVC ahead of time - i.e. optimising for the usual case - and freeing them should reuse occur or an error arise in anon_vma_clone(). This is not egregious performance-wise, as this function is called on the fork path which already performs a great number of allocations, and thus it is already a slow-path in this respect. It is additionally not egregious in terms of memory usage - the allocations are too-small-to-fail anyway unless, for instance, a fatal signal may have arisen, and any OOM for such tiny allocations that may arise would indicate the system is under so much memory pressure that the associated process is not long for this world anyway. We also update anon_vma->num_active_vmas to 1 directly rather than incrementing the newly allocated anon_vma's active VMA count - this makes it clear that this detached anon_vma can have only 1 num_active_vma at this point. Finally we eliminate the out_error and out_error_free_anon_vma labels which makes the logic much easier to follow. We also correct a small comment typo. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/9923da5f8b095dd1e8d677692dcaf95859de0ef5.1768746221.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> Cc: Chris Li <chriscli@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/rmap: improve anon_vma_clone(), unlink_anon_vmas() comments, add assertsLorenzo Stoakes
Patch series "mm: clean up anon_vma implementation", v3. The anon_vma logic is hugely confusing and, much like a bundle of wires entangled with one another, pulling on one thread seems only to lead to more entanglement elsewhere. There is a mish-mash of the core implementation, how that implementation is invoked, how helper functions are invoked and concepts such as adjacent anon_vma merge and anon_vma object reuse. This series tries to improve the situation somewhat. It starts by establishing some invariants in the core anon_vma_clone() and unlink_anon_vmas() functions, largely expressed via VM_WARN_ON_ONCE() asserts. These act as some form of self-documentation as to the conditions we find ourselves in when invoking these functions. We also add kdoc comments for anon_vma_clone() and unlink_anon_vmas(). We then update anon_vma_fork() to avoid passing a partially set up (and thus invalid) VMA to unlink_anon_vmas() - functions which are used both for partially set up and valid data types has historically been the source of a lot of confusion and bugs. We then makes use of the established known conditions to directly skip unfaulted VMAs (rather than implicitly via an empty vma->anon_vma_chain list). We remove the confusing anon_vma_merge() function (we already have a concept of anon_vma merge in that we merge anon_vma's that would otherwise be compatible except for attributes that mprotect() could change - which anon_vma_merge() has nothing to do with). We make the anon_vma functions internal to mm as they do not need to be used by any other part of the kernel, which allows for future abstraction without concern about this. We then reduce the time over which we hold the anon rmap lock in anon_vma_clone(), as it turns out we can allocate anon_vma_chain objects without holding this lock, since the objects are not yet accessible from the rmap. This should reduce anon_vma lock contention. This additionally allows us to remove a confusing GFP_NOWAIT, GFP_KERNEL allocation fallback strategy. Finally, we explicitly indicate which operation is being performed upon anon_vma_clone(), and separate out fork-only logic to make it very clear that anon_vma reuse only occurs on fork. This patch (of 9): Add kdoc comments and describe exactly what these functions are used for in detail, pointing out importantly that the anon_vma_clone() !dst->anon_vma && src->anon_vma dance is ONLY for fork. Both are confusing functions that will be refactored in a subsequent patch but the first stage is establishing documentation and some invariants. Add some basic CONFIG_DEBUG_VM asserts that help document expected state, specifically: anon_vma_clone() - mmap write lock held. - We do nothing if src VMA is not faulted. - The destination VMA has no anon_vma_chain yet. - We are always operating on the same active VMA (i.e. vma->anon_vma). - If not forking, must operate on the same mm_struct. unlink_anon_vmas() - mmap lock held (write lock except when freeing page tables). - That unfaulted VMAs are no-ops. We are presented with a special case when anon_vma_clone() fails to allocate memory, where we have a VMA with partially set up anon_vma state. Since we hold the exclusive mmap write lock, and since we are cloning from a source VMA which consequently can't also have its anon_vma state modified, we know no anon_vma referenced can be empty. This allows us to significantly simplify this case and just remove anon_vma_chain objects associated with the VMA, so we add a specific partial cleanup path for this scenario. This also allows us to drop the hack of setting vma->anon_vma to NULL before unlinking anon_vma state in this scenario. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1768746221.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/8644e89369be0cc89d7ac57443dff9e822803c91.1768746221.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> Cc: Chris Li <chriscli@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26memcg-v1: remove folio_memcg_lock() doc referenceGreg Thelen
Commit a29c0e4b2e86 ("memcg-v1: remove memcg move locking code") removed folio_memcg_lock(). Delete the final lingering documentation reference. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260101225552.3423108-1-gthelen@google.com Fixes: a29c0e4b2e86 ("memcg-v1: remove memcg move locking code") Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: "Michal Koutný" <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26Revert "mm/hugetlb: deal with multiple calls to hugetlb_bootmem_alloc"Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
This reverts commit d58b2498200724e4f8c12d71a5953da03c8c8bdf. hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() is called only once, no need to check if it was called already at its entry. Other checks performed during HVO initialization are also no longer necessary because sparse_init() that calls hugetlb_vmemmap_init_early() and hugetlb_vmemmap_init_late() is always called after hugetlb_bootmem_alloc(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-30-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/hugetlb: drop hugetlb_cma_check()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
hugetlb_cma_check() was required when the ordering of hugetlb_cma_reserve() and hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() was architecture depended. Since hugetlb_cma_reserve() is always called before hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() there is no need to check whether hugetlb_cma_reserve() was already called. Drop unneeded hugetlb_cma_check() function. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-29-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm, arch: consolidate hugetlb CMA reservationMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Every architecture that supports hugetlb_cma command line parameter reserves CMA areas for hugetlb during setup_arch(). This obfuscates the ordering of hugetlb CMA initialization with respect to the rest initialization of the core MM. Introduce arch_hugetlb_cma_order() callback to allow architectures report the desired order-per-bit of CMA areas and provide a week implementation of arch_hugetlb_cma_order() for architectures that don't support hugetlb with CMA. Use this callback in hugetlb_cma_reserve() instead if passing the order as parameter and call hugetlb_cma_reserve() from mm_core_init_early() rather than have it spread over architecture specific code. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-28-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26x86: don't reserve hugetlb memory in setup_arch()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Commit 665eaf313314 ("x86/setup: call hugetlb_bootmem_alloc early") added an early call to hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() to setup_arch() to allow HVO style pre-initialization of vmemmap on x86. With the ordering of hugetlb reservation vs memory map initialization sorted out in core MM this no longer needs to be an architecture specific quirk. Drop the call to hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() from x86::setup_arch(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-27-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mips: drop paging_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
All three variants of paging_init() on MIPS are wrappers for pagetable_init(). Instead of having three identical wrappers, call pagetable_init() directly from setup_arch() and remove the unnecessary paging_init() functions. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-26-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26arch, mm: consolidate initialization of SPARSE memory modelMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Every architecture calls sparse_init() during setup_arch() although the data structures created by sparse_init() are not used until the initialization of the core MM. Beside the code duplication, calling sparse_init() from architecture specific code causes ordering differences of vmemmap and HVO initialization on different architectures. Move the call to sparse_init() from architecture specific code to free_area_init() to ensure that vmemmap and HVO initialization order is always the same. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-25-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26arch, mm: consolidate initialization of nodes, zones and memory mapMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
To initialize node, zone and memory map data structures every architecture calls free_area_init() during setup_arch() and passes it an array of zone limits. Beside code duplication it creates "interesting" ordering cases between allocation and initialization of hugetlb and the memory map. Some architectures allocate hugetlb pages very early in setup_arch() in certain cases, some only create hugetlb CMA areas in setup_arch() and sometimes hugetlb allocations happen mm_core_init(). With arch_zone_limits_init() helper available now on all architectures it is no longer necessary to call free_area_init() from architecture setup code. Rather core MM initialization can call arch_zone_limits_init() in a single place. This allows to unify ordering of hugetlb vs memory map allocation and initialization. Remove the call to free_area_init() from architecture specific code and place it in a new mm_core_init_early() function that is called immediately after setup_arch(). After this refactoring it is possible to consolidate hugetlb allocations and eliminate differences in ordering of hugetlb and memory map initialization among different architectures. As the first step of this consolidation move hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() to mm_core_early_init(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-24-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26xtensa: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-23-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26x86: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-22-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26um: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-21-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26sparc: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-20-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26sh: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-19-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26s390: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-18-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26riscv: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-17-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26powerpc: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-16-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26parisc: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-15-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26openrisc: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-14-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26nios2: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-13-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mips: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-12-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26microblaze: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-11-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26m68k: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Since all variants of m68k add all memory to ZONE_DMA, it is possible to use unified implementation for arch_zone_limits_init() that sets the end of ZONE_DMA to memblock_end_of_DRAM(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-10-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26loongarch: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-9-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26hexagon: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-8-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26csky: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-7-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26arm64: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. While on it rename zone_sizes_init() to dma_limits_init() to better reflect what that function does. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-6-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26arm: make initialization of zero page independent of the memory mapKlara Modin
Unlike most architectures, arm keeps a struct page pointer to the empty_zero_page and to initialize it requires conversion of a virtual address to page which makes it necessary to have memory map initialized before creating the empty_zero_page. Make empty_zero_page a stataic array in BSS to decouple it's initialization from the initialization of the memory map. This also aligns arm with vast majorty of architectures. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-5-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26arm: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-4-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26arc: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-3-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26alpha: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Patch series "arch, mm: consolidate hugetlb early reservation", v3. Order in which early memory reservation for hugetlb happens depends on architecture, on configuration options and on command line parameters. Some architectures rely on the core MM to call hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() while others call it very early to allow pre-allocation of HVO-style vmemmap. When hugetlb_cma is supported by an architecture it is initialized during setup_arch() and then later hugetlb_init code needs to understand did it happen or not. To make everything consistent and unified, both reservation of hugetlb memory from bootmem and creation of CMA areas for hugetlb must be called from core MM initialization and it would have been a simple change. However, HVO-style pre-initialization ordering requirements slightly complicate things and for HVO pre-init to work sparse and memory map should be initialized after hugetlb reservations. This required pulling out the call to free_area_init() out of setup_arch() path and moving it MM initialization and this is what the first 23 patches do. These changes are deliberately split into per-arch patches that change how the zone limits are calculated for each architecture and the patches 22 and 23 just remove the calls to free_area_init() and sprase_init() from arch/*. Patch 24 is a simple cleanup for MIPS. Patches 25 and 26 actually consolidate hugetlb reservations and patches 27 and 28 perform some aftermath cleanups. This patch (of 29): Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-1-rppt@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-2-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/khugepaged: retry with sync writeback for MADV_COLLAPSEShivank Garg
When MADV_COLLAPSE is called on file-backed mappings (e.g., executable text sections), the pages may still be dirty from recent writes. collapse_file() will trigger async writeback and fail with SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK (-EAGAIN). MADV_COLLAPSE is a synchronous operation where userspace expects immediate results. If the collapse fails due to dirty pages, perform synchronous writeback on the specific range and retry once. This avoids spurious failures for freshly written executables while avoiding unnecessary synchronous I/O for mappings that are already clean. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260118190939.8986-7-shivankg@amd.com Signed-off-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com> Reported-by: Branden Moore <Branden.Moore@amd.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/4e26fe5e-7374-467c-a333-9dd48f85d7cc@amd.com Fixes: 34488399fa08 ("mm/madvise: add file and shmem support to MADV_COLLAPSE") Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Tested-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Red Hat) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: wang lian <lianux.mm@gmail.com> Cc: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/khugepaged: map dirty/writeback pages failures to EAGAINShivank Garg
Patch series "mm/khugepaged: fix dirty page handling for MADV_COLLAPSE", v5. MADV_COLLAPSE on file-backed mappings fails with -EINVAL when TEXT pages are dirty. This affects scenarios like package/container updates or executing binaries immediately after writing them, etc. The issue is that collapse_file() triggers async writeback and returns SCAN_FAIL (maps to -EINVAL), expecting khugepaged to revisit later. But MADV_COLLAPSE is synchronous and userspace expects immediate success or a clear retry signal. Reproduction: - Compile or copy 2MB-aligned executable to XFS/ext4 FS - Call MADV_COLLAPSE on .text section - First call fails with -EINVAL (text pages dirty from copy) - Second call succeeds (async writeback completed) Issue Report: https://lore.kernel.org/all/4e26fe5e-7374-467c-a333-9dd48f85d7cc@amd.com This patch (of 2): When collapse_file encounters dirty or writeback pages in file-backed mappings, it currently returns SCAN_FAIL which maps to -EINVAL. This is misleading as EINVAL suggests invalid arguments, whereas dirty/writeback pages represent transient conditions that may resolve on retry. Introduce SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK to cover both dirty and writeback states, mapping it to -EAGAIN. For MADV_COLLAPSE, this provides userspace with a clear signal that retry may succeed after writeback completes. For khugepaged, this is harmless as it will naturally revisit the range during periodic scans after async writeback completes. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260118190939.8986-2-shivankg@amd.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260118190939.8986-4-shivankg@amd.com Fixes: 34488399fa08 ("mm/madvise: add file and shmem support to MADV_COLLAPSE") Signed-off-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com> Reported-by: Branden Moore <Branden.Moore@amd.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/4e26fe5e-7374-467c-a333-9dd48f85d7cc@amd.com Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: wang lian <lianux.mm@gmail.com> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Red Hat) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26net: ethernet: ti: netcp: Use u64_stats_t with u64_stats_sync properlyDavid Yang
On 64bit arches, struct u64_stats_sync is empty and provides no help against load/store tearing. Convert to u64_stats_t to ensure atomic operations. Note that does not mean the code is now tear-free: there're u32 counters unprotected by u64_stats or anything else. Signed-off-by: David Yang <mmyangfl@gmail.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123164841.2890054-1-mmyangfl@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26netdevsim: use u64_stats_t with u64_stats_sync properlyDavid Yang
On 64bit arches, struct u64_stats_sync is empty and provides no help against load/store tearing. Convert to u64_stats_t to ensure atomic operations. Signed-off-by: David Yang <mmyangfl@gmail.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123211101.2929547-1-mmyangfl@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26nfc: llcp: Fix memleak in nfc_llcp_send_ui_frame().Kuniyuki Iwashima
syzbot reported various memory leaks related to NFC, struct nfc_llcp_sock, sk_buff, nfc_dev, etc. [0] The leading log hinted that nfc_llcp_send_ui_frame() failed to allocate skb due to sock_error(sk) being -ENXIO. ENXIO is set by nfc_llcp_socket_release() when struct nfc_llcp_local is destroyed by local_cleanup(). The problem is that there is no synchronisation between nfc_llcp_send_ui_frame() and local_cleanup(), and skb could be put into local->tx_queue after it was purged in local_cleanup(): CPU1 CPU2 ---- ---- nfc_llcp_send_ui_frame() local_cleanup() |- do { ' |- pdu = nfc_alloc_send_skb(..., &err) | . | |- nfc_llcp_socket_release(local, false, ENXIO); | |- skb_queue_purge(&local->tx_queue); | | ' | |- skb_queue_tail(&local->tx_queue, pdu); | ... | |- pdu = nfc_alloc_send_skb(..., &err) | ^._________________________________.' local_cleanup() is called for struct nfc_llcp_local only after nfc_llcp_remove_local() unlinks it from llcp_devices. If we hold local->tx_queue.lock then, we can synchronise the thread and nfc_llcp_send_ui_frame(). Let's do that and check list_empty(&local->list) before queuing skb to local->tx_queue in nfc_llcp_send_ui_frame(). [0]: [ 56.074943][ T6096] llcp: nfc_llcp_send_ui_frame: Could not allocate PDU (error=-6) [ 64.318868][ T5813] kmemleak: 6 new suspected memory leaks (see /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak) BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff8881272f6800 (size 1024): comm "syz.0.17", pid 6096, jiffies 4294942766 hex dump (first 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 27 00 03 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 '..@............ backtrace (crc da58d84d): kmemleak_alloc_recursive include/linux/kmemleak.h:44 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4979 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:5284 [inline] __do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:5645 [inline] __kmalloc_noprof+0x3e3/0x6b0 mm/slub.c:5658 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:961 [inline] sk_prot_alloc+0x11a/0x1b0 net/core/sock.c:2239 sk_alloc+0x36/0x360 net/core/sock.c:2295 nfc_llcp_sock_alloc+0x37/0x130 net/nfc/llcp_sock.c:979 llcp_sock_create+0x71/0xd0 net/nfc/llcp_sock.c:1044 nfc_sock_create+0xc9/0xf0 net/nfc/af_nfc.c:31 __sock_create+0x1a9/0x340 net/socket.c:1605 sock_create net/socket.c:1663 [inline] __sys_socket_create net/socket.c:1700 [inline] __sys_socket+0xb9/0x1a0 net/socket.c:1747 __do_sys_socket net/socket.c:1761 [inline] __se_sys_socket net/socket.c:1759 [inline] __x64_sys_socket+0x1b/0x30 net/socket.c:1759 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xa4/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff88810fbd9800 (size 240): comm "syz.0.17", pid 6096, jiffies 4294942850 hex dump (first 32 bytes): 68 f0 ff 08 81 88 ff ff 68 f0 ff 08 81 88 ff ff h.......h....... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 68 2f 27 81 88 ff ff .........h/'.... backtrace (crc 6cc652b1): kmemleak_alloc_recursive include/linux/kmemleak.h:44 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4979 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:5284 [inline] kmem_cache_alloc_node_noprof+0x36f/0x5e0 mm/slub.c:5336 __alloc_skb+0x203/0x240 net/core/skbuff.c:660 alloc_skb include/linux/skbuff.h:1383 [inline] alloc_skb_with_frags+0x69/0x3f0 net/core/skbuff.c:6671 sock_alloc_send_pskb+0x379/0x3e0 net/core/sock.c:2965 sock_alloc_send_skb include/net/sock.h:1859 [inline] nfc_alloc_send_skb+0x45/0x80 net/nfc/core.c:724 nfc_llcp_send_ui_frame+0x162/0x360 net/nfc/llcp_commands.c:766 llcp_sock_sendmsg+0x14c/0x1d0 net/nfc/llcp_sock.c:814 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:727 [inline] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:742 [inline] __sys_sendto+0x2d8/0x2f0 net/socket.c:2244 __do_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2251 [inline] __se_sys_sendto net/socket.c:2247 [inline] __x64_sys_sendto+0x28/0x30 net/socket.c:2247 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xa4/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Fixes: 94f418a20664 ("NFC: UI frame sending routine implementation") Reported-by: syzbot+f2d245f1d76bbfa50e4c@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/697569c7.a00a0220.33ccc7.0014.GAE@google.com/T/#u Signed-off-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com> Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260125010214.1572439-1-kuniyu@google.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26net: spacemit: Check for netif_carrier_ok() in emac_stats_update()Vivian Wang
Some PHYs stop the refclk for power saving, usually while link down. This causes reading stats to time out. Therefore, in emac_stats_update(), also don't update and reschedule if !netif_carrier_ok(). But that means we could be missing later updates if the link comes back up, so also reschedule when link up is detected in emac_adjust_link(). While we're at it, improve the comments and error message prints around this to reflect the better understanding of how this could happen. Hopefully if this happens again on new hardware, these comments will direct towards a solution. Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260119141620.1318102-1-amadeus@jmu.edu.cn/ Fixes: bfec6d7f2001 ("net: spacemit: Add K1 Ethernet MAC") Co-developed-by: Chukun Pan <amadeus@jmu.edu.cn> Signed-off-by: Chukun Pan <amadeus@jmu.edu.cn> Signed-off-by: Vivian Wang <wangruikang@iscas.ac.cn> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123-k1-ethernet-clarify-stat-timeout-v3-1-93b9df627e87@iscas.ac.cn Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26mptcp: fix race in mptcp_pm_nl_flush_addrs_doit()Eric Dumazet
syzbot and Eulgyu Kim reported crashes in mptcp_pm_nl_get_local_id() and/or mptcp_pm_nl_is_backup() Root cause is list_splice_init() in mptcp_pm_nl_flush_addrs_doit() which is not RCU ready. list_splice_init_rcu() can not be called here while holding pernet->lock spinlock. Many thanks to Eulgyu Kim for providing a repro and testing our patches. Fixes: 141694df6573 ("mptcp: remove address when netlink flushes addrs") Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Reported-by: syzbot+5498a510ff9de39d37da@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/6970a46d.a00a0220.3ad28e.5cf0.GAE@google.com/T/ Reported-by: Eulgyu Kim <eulgyukim@snu.ac.kr> Closes: https://github.com/multipath-tcp/mptcp_net-next/issues/611 Reviewed-by: Mat Martineau <martineau@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260124-net-mptcp-race_nl_flush_addrs-v3-1-b2dc1b613e9d@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26selftests: net: fix wrong boolean evaluation in __exit__Gal Pressman
The __exit__ method receives ex_type as the exception class when an exception occurs. The previous code used implicit boolean evaluation: terminate = self.terminate or (self._exit_wait and ex_type) ^^^^^^^^^^^ In Python, the and operator can be used with non-boolean values, but it does not always return a boolean result. This is probably not what we want, because 'self._exit_wait and ex_type' could return the actual ex_type value (the exception class) rather than a boolean True when an exception occurs. Use explicit `ex_type is not None` check to properly evaluate whether an exception occurred, returning a boolean result. Reviewed-by: Nimrod Oren <noren@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Gal Pressman <gal@nvidia.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260125105524.773993-1-gal@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26r8169: remove optional size argument in calls to strscpyHeiner Kallweit
Minor simplification of the code by removing the optional size argument. Signed-off-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/d560ec66-848e-4290-818a-ce28f39de493@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26r8169: add support for extended chip version id and RTL9151ASJaven Xu
The bits in register TxConfig used for chip identification aren't sufficient for the number of upcoming chip versions. Therefore a register is added with extended chip version information, for compatibility purposes it's called TX_CONFIG_V2. First chip to use the extended chip identification is RTL9151AS. Signed-off-by: Javen Xu <javen_xu@realsil.com.cn> [hkallweit1@gmail.com: add support for extended XID where XID is printed] Signed-off-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/a3525b74-a1aa-43f6-8413-56615f6fa795@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26rocker: fix memory leak in rocker_world_port_post_fini()Kery Qi
In rocker_world_port_pre_init(), rocker_port->wpriv is allocated with kzalloc(wops->port_priv_size, GFP_KERNEL). However, in rocker_world_port_post_fini(), the memory is only freed when wops->port_post_fini callback is set: if (!wops->port_post_fini) return; wops->port_post_fini(rocker_port); kfree(rocker_port->wpriv); Since rocker_ofdpa_ops does not implement port_post_fini callback (it is NULL), the wpriv memory allocated for each port is never freed when ports are removed. This leads to a memory leak of sizeof(struct ofdpa_port) bytes per port on every device removal. Fix this by always calling kfree(rocker_port->wpriv) regardless of whether the port_post_fini callback exists. Fixes: e420114eef4a ("rocker: introduce worlds infrastructure") Signed-off-by: Kery Qi <qikeyu2017@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123211030.2109-2-qikeyu2017@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26net: usb: replace unnecessary get_link functions with usbnet_get_linkEthan Nelson-Moore
usbnet_get_link calls mii_link_ok if the device has a MII defined in its usbnet struct and no check_connect function defined there. This is true of these drivers, so their custom get_link functions which call mii_link_ok are useless. Remove them in favor of usbnet_get_link. Signed-off-by: Ethan Nelson-Moore <enelsonmoore@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Reviewed-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260124082217.82351-1-enelsonmoore@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26net: usb: smsc95xx: use phy_do_ioctl_running functionEthan Nelson-Moore
The smsc95xx_ioctl function behaves identically to the phy_do_ioctl_running function. Remove it and use the phy_do_ioctl_running function directly instead. Signed-off-by: Ethan Nelson-Moore <enelsonmoore@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260124080751.78488-1-enelsonmoore@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2026-01-26kho: print which scratch buffer failed to be reservedPratyush Yadav (Google)
When scratch area fails to reserve, KHO prints a message indicating that. But it doesn't say which scratch failed to allocate. This can be useful information for debugging. Even more so when the failure is hard to reproduce. Along with the current message, also print which exact scratch area failed to be reserved. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260116165416.1262531-1-pratyush@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Pratyush Yadav (Google) <pratyush@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26kernel-chktaint: add reporting for tainted modulesRandy Dunlap
Check all loaded modules and report any that have their 'taint' flags set. The tainted module output format is: * <module_name> (<taint_flags>) Example output: Kernel is "tainted" for the following reasons: * externally-built ('out-of-tree') module was loaded (#12) * unsigned module was loaded (#13) Raw taint value as int/string: 12288/'G OE ' Tainted modules: * dump_test (OE) Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260115064756.531592-1-rdunlap@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Acked-by: Thorsten Leemhuis <linux@leemhuis.info> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26lib/group_cpus: make group CPU cluster awareWangyang Guo
As CPU core counts increase, the number of NVMe IRQs may be smaller than the total number of CPUs. This forces multiple CPUs to share the same IRQ. If the IRQ affinity and the CPU's cluster do not align, a performance penalty can be observed on some platforms. This patch improves IRQ affinity by grouping CPUs by cluster within each NUMA domain, ensuring better locality between CPUs and their assigned NVMe IRQs. Details: Intel Xeon E platform packs 4 CPU cores as 1 module (cluster) and share the L2 cache. Let's say, if there are 40 CPUs in 1 NUMA domain and 11 IRQs to dispatch. The existing algorithm will map first 7 IRQs each with 4 CPUs and remained 4 IRQs each with 3 CPUs. The last 4 IRQs may have cross cluster issue. For example, the 9th IRQ which pinned to CPU32, then for CPU31, it will have cross L2 memory access. CPU |28 29 30 31|32 33 34 35|36 ... -------- -------- -------- IRQ 8 9 10 If this patch applied, then first 2 IRQs each mapped with 2 CPUs and rest 9 IRQs each mapped with 4 CPUs, which avoids the cross cluster memory access. CPU |00 01 02 03|04 05 06 07|08 09 10 11| ... ----- ----- ----------- ----------- IRQ 1 2 3 4 As a result, 15%+ performance difference is observed in FIO libaio/randread/bs=8k. Changes since V1: - Add more performance details in commit messages. - Fix endless loop when topology_cluster_cpumask return invalid mask. History: v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251024023038.872616-1-wangyang.guo@intel.com/ v1 [RESEND]: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251111020608.1501543-1-wangyang.guo@intel.com/ Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260113022958.3379650-1-wangyang.guo@intel.com Signed-off-by: Wangyang Guo <wangyang.guo@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Tianyou Li <tianyou.li@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Dan Liang <dan.liang@intel.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com> Cc: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org> Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Cc: Radu Rendec <rrendec@redhat.com> Cc: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>