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2025-11-12sched_ext: Make handle_lockup() propagate scx_verror() resultTejun Heo
handle_lockup() currently calls scx_verror() but ignores its return value, always returning true when the scheduler is enabled. Make it capture and return the result from scx_verror(). This prepares for hardlockup handling. Cc: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Cc: Emil Tsalapatis <etsal@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2025-11-12sched_ext: Refactor lockup handlers into handle_lockup()Tejun Heo
scx_rcu_cpu_stall() and scx_softlockup() share the same pattern: check if the scheduler is enabled under RCU read lock and trigger an error if so. Extract the common pattern into handle_lockup() helper. Add scx_verror() macro and use guard(rcu)(). This simplifies both handlers, reduces code duplication, and prepares for hardlockup handling. Reviewed-by: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Cc: Emil Tsalapatis <etsal@meta.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2025-11-12sched_ext: Make scx_exit() and scx_vexit() return boolTejun Heo
Make scx_exit() and scx_vexit() return bool indicating whether the calling thread successfully claimed the exit. This will be used by the abort mechanism added in a later patch. Reviewed-by: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Cc: Emil Tsalapatis <etsal@meta.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2025-11-12sched_ext: Exit dispatch and move operations immediately when abortingTejun Heo
62dcbab8b0ef ("sched_ext: Avoid live-locking bypass mode switching") introduced the breather mechanism to inject delays during bypass mode switching. It maintains operation semantics unchanged while reducing lock contention to avoid live-locks on large NUMA systems. However, the breather only activates when exiting the scheduler, so there's no need to maintain operation semantics. Simplify by exiting dispatch and move operations immediately when scx_aborting is set. In consume_dispatch_q(), break out of the task iteration loop. In scx_dsq_move(), return early before acquiring locks. This also fixes cases the breather mechanism cannot handle. When a large system has many runnable threads affinitized to different CPU subsets and the BPF scheduler places them all into a single DSQ, many CPUs can scan the DSQ concurrently for tasks they can run. This can cause DSQ and RQ locks to be held for extended periods, leading to various failure modes. The breather cannot solve this because once in the consume loop, there's no exit. The new mechanism fixes this by exiting the loop immediately. The bypass DSQ is exempted to ensure the bypass mechanism itself can make progress. v2: Use READ_ONCE() when reading scx_aborting (Andrea Righi). Reported-by: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Cc: Emil Tsalapatis <etsal@meta.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2025-11-12sched_ext: Simplify breather mechanism with scx_aborting flagTejun Heo
The breather mechanism was introduced in 62dcbab8b0ef ("sched_ext: Avoid live-locking bypass mode switching") and e32c260195e6 ("sched_ext: Enable the ops breather and eject BPF scheduler on softlockup") to prevent live-locks by injecting delays when CPUs are trapped in dispatch paths. Currently, it uses scx_breather_depth (atomic_t) and scx_in_softlockup (unsigned long) with separate increment/decrement and cleanup operations. The breather is only activated when aborting, so tie it directly to the exit mechanism. Replace both variables with scx_aborting flag set when exit is claimed and cleared after bypass is enabled. Introduce scx_claim_exit() to consolidate exit_kind claiming and breather enablement. This eliminates scx_clear_softlockup() and simplifies scx_softlockup() and scx_bypass(). The breather mechanism will be replaced by a different abort mechanism in a future patch. This simplification prepares for that change. Reviewed-by: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com> Acked-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2025-11-12sched_ext: Use per-CPU DSQs instead of per-node global DSQs in bypass modeTejun Heo
Bypass mode routes tasks through fallback dispatch queues. Originally a single global DSQ, b7b3b2dbae73 ("sched_ext: Split the global DSQ per NUMA node") changed this to per-node DSQs to resolve NUMA-related livelocks. Dan Schatzberg found per-node DSQs can still livelock when many threads are pinned to different small CPU subsets: each CPU must scan many incompatible tasks to find runnable ones, causing severe contention with high CPU counts. Switch to per-CPU bypass DSQs. Each task queues on its current CPU. Default idle CPU selection and direct dispatch handle most cases well. This introduces a failure mode when tasks concentrate on one CPU in over-saturated systems. If the BPF scheduler severely skews placement before triggering bypass, that CPU's queue may be too long to drain, causing RCU stalls. A load balancer in a future patch will address this. The bypass DSQ is separate from local DSQ to enable load balancing: local DSQs use rq locks, preventing efficient scanning and transfer across CPUs, especially problematic when systems are already contended. v2: Clarified why bypass DSQ is separate from local DSQ (Andrea Righi). Reported-by: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2025-11-12sched_ext: Refactor do_enqueue_task() local and global DSQ pathsTejun Heo
The local and global DSQ enqueue paths in do_enqueue_task() share the same slice refill logic. Factor out the common code into a shared enqueue label. This makes adding new enqueue cases easier. No functional changes. Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2025-11-12sched_ext: Use shorter slice in bypass modeTejun Heo
There have been reported cases of bypass mode not making forward progress fast enough. The 20ms default slice is unnecessarily long for bypass mode where the primary goal is ensuring all tasks can make forward progress. Introduce SCX_SLICE_BYPASS set to 5ms and make the scheduler automatically switch to it when entering bypass mode. Also make the bypass slice value tunable through the slice_bypass_us module parameter (adjustable between 100us and 100ms) to make it easier to test whether slice durations are a factor in problem cases. v3: Use READ_ONCE/WRITE_ONCE for scx_slice_dfl access (Dan). v2: Removed slice_dfl_us module parameter. Fixed typos (Andrea). Reviewed-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com> Reviewed-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com> Cc: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2025-11-12sched_ext: Fix unsafe locking in the scx_dump_state()Zqiang
For built with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y kernels, the dump_lock will be converted sleepable spinlock and not disable-irq, so the following scenarios occur: inconsistent {IN-HARDIRQ-W} -> {HARDIRQ-ON-W} usage. irq_work/0/27 [HC0[0]:SC0[0]:HE1:SE1] takes: (&rq->__lock){?...}-{2:2}, at: raw_spin_rq_lock_nested+0x2b/0x40 {IN-HARDIRQ-W} state was registered at: lock_acquire+0x1e1/0x510 _raw_spin_lock_nested+0x42/0x80 raw_spin_rq_lock_nested+0x2b/0x40 sched_tick+0xae/0x7b0 update_process_times+0x14c/0x1b0 tick_periodic+0x62/0x1f0 tick_handle_periodic+0x48/0xf0 timer_interrupt+0x55/0x80 __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x20a/0x5c0 handle_irq_event_percpu+0x18/0xc0 handle_irq_event+0xb5/0x150 handle_level_irq+0x220/0x460 __common_interrupt+0xa2/0x1e0 common_interrupt+0xb0/0xd0 asm_common_interrupt+0x2b/0x40 _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x45/0x80 __setup_irq+0xc34/0x1a30 request_threaded_irq+0x214/0x2f0 hpet_time_init+0x3e/0x60 x86_late_time_init+0x5b/0xb0 start_kernel+0x308/0x410 x86_64_start_reservations+0x1c/0x30 x86_64_start_kernel+0x96/0xa0 common_startup_64+0x13e/0x148 other info that might help us debug this: Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 ---- lock(&rq->__lock); <Interrupt> lock(&rq->__lock); *** DEADLOCK *** stack backtrace: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 27 Comm: irq_work/0 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x8c/0xd0 dump_stack+0x14/0x20 print_usage_bug+0x42e/0x690 mark_lock.part.44+0x867/0xa70 ? __pfx_mark_lock.part.44+0x10/0x10 ? string_nocheck+0x19c/0x310 ? number+0x739/0x9f0 ? __pfx_string_nocheck+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_check_pointer+0x10/0x10 ? kvm_sched_clock_read+0x15/0x30 ? sched_clock_noinstr+0xd/0x20 ? local_clock_noinstr+0x1c/0xe0 __lock_acquire+0xc4b/0x62b0 ? __pfx_format_decode+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_string+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx___lock_acquire+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_vsnprintf+0x10/0x10 lock_acquire+0x1e1/0x510 ? raw_spin_rq_lock_nested+0x2b/0x40 ? __pfx_lock_acquire+0x10/0x10 ? dump_line+0x12e/0x270 ? raw_spin_rq_lock_nested+0x20/0x40 _raw_spin_lock_nested+0x42/0x80 ? raw_spin_rq_lock_nested+0x2b/0x40 raw_spin_rq_lock_nested+0x2b/0x40 scx_dump_state+0x3b3/0x1270 ? finish_task_switch+0x27e/0x840 scx_ops_error_irq_workfn+0x67/0x80 irq_work_single+0x113/0x260 irq_work_run_list.part.3+0x44/0x70 run_irq_workd+0x6b/0x90 ? __pfx_run_irq_workd+0x10/0x10 smpboot_thread_fn+0x529/0x870 ? __pfx_smpboot_thread_fn+0x10/0x10 kthread+0x305/0x3f0 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x40/0x70 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 </TASK> This commit therefore use rq_lock_irqsave/irqrestore() to replace rq_lock/unlock() in the scx_dump_state(). Fixes: 07814a9439a3 ("sched_ext: Print debug dump after an error exit") Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang.zhang@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2025-11-12spi: dt-bindings: nuvoton,npcm-pspi: Convert to DT schemaTomer Maimon
Convert the Nuvoton NPCM PSPI binding to DT schema format. Also update the binding to fix shortcoming: * Drop clock-frequency property: it is never read in the NPCM PSPI driver and has no effect. Signed-off-by: Tomer Maimon <tmaimon77@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251112150950.1680154-1-tmaimon77@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
2025-11-12io_uring/rsrc: don't use blk_rq_nr_phys_segments() as number of bvecsCaleb Sander Mateos
io_buffer_register_bvec() currently uses blk_rq_nr_phys_segments() as the number of bvecs in the request. However, bvecs may be split into multiple segments depending on the queue limits. Thus, the number of segments may overestimate the number of bvecs. For ublk devices, the only current users of io_buffer_register_bvec(), virt_boundary_mask, seg_boundary_mask, max_segments, and max_segment_size can all be set arbitrarily by the ublk server process. Set imu->nr_bvecs based on the number of bvecs the rq_for_each_bvec() loop actually yields. However, continue using blk_rq_nr_phys_segments() as an upper bound on the number of bvecs when allocating imu to avoid needing to iterate the bvecs a second time. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/io-uring/20251111191530.1268875-1-csander@purestorage.com/ Signed-off-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com> Fixes: 27cb27b6d5ea ("io_uring: add support for kernel registered bvecs") Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2025-11-12phy: sophgo: Remove unused of_gpio.hAndy Shevchenko
of_gpio.h is deprecated and subject to remove. The driver doesn't use it, simply remove the unused header. Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
2025-11-12vfio: selftests: replace iova=vaddr with allocated iovasAlex Mastro
vfio_dma_mapping_test and vfio_pci_driver_test currently use iova=vaddr as part of DMA mapping operations. However, not all IOMMUs support the same virtual address width as the processor. For instance, older Intel consumer platforms only support 39-bits of IOMMU address space. On such platforms, using the virtual address as the IOVA fails. Make the tests more robust by using iova_allocator to vend IOVAs, which queries legally accessible IOVAs from the underlying IOMMUFD or VFIO container. Reviewed-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Tested-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Signed-off-by: Alex Mastro <amastro@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251111-iova-ranges-v3-4-7960244642c5@fb.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex@shazbot.org>
2025-11-12vfio: selftests: add iova allocatorAlex Mastro
Add struct iova_allocator, which gives tests a convenient way to generate legally-accessible IOVAs to map. This allocator traverses the sorted available IOVA ranges linearly, requires power-of-two size allocations, and does not support freeing iova allocations. The assumption is that tests are not IOVA space-bounded, and will not need to recycle IOVAs. This is based on Alex Williamson's patch series for adding an IOVA allocator [1]. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251108212954.26477-1-alex@shazbot.org/ Reviewed-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Tested-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Signed-off-by: Alex Mastro <amastro@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251111-iova-ranges-v3-3-7960244642c5@fb.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex@shazbot.org>
2025-11-12vfio: selftests: fix map limit tests to use last available iovaAlex Mastro
Use the newly available vfio_pci_iova_ranges() to determine the last legal IOVA, and use this as the basis for vfio_dma_map_limit_test tests. Fixes: de8d1f2fd5a5 ("vfio: selftests: add end of address space DMA map/unmap tests") Reviewed-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Tested-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Signed-off-by: Alex Mastro <amastro@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251111-iova-ranges-v3-2-7960244642c5@fb.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex@shazbot.org>
2025-11-12vfio: selftests: add iova range query helpersAlex Mastro
VFIO selftests need to map IOVAs from legally accessible ranges, which could vary between hardware. Tests in vfio_dma_mapping_test.c are making excessively strong assumptions about which IOVAs can be mapped. Add vfio_iommu_iova_ranges(), which queries IOVA ranges from the IOMMUFD or VFIO container associated with the device. The queried ranges are normalized to IOMMUFD's iommu_iova_range representation so that handling of IOVA ranges up the stack can be implementation-agnostic. iommu_iova_range and vfio_iova_range are equivalent, so bias to using the new interface's struct. Query IOMMUFD's ranges with IOMMU_IOAS_IOVA_RANGES. Query VFIO container's ranges with VFIO_IOMMU_GET_INFO and VFIO_IOMMU_TYPE1_INFO_CAP_IOVA_RANGE. The underlying vfio_iommu_type1_info buffer-related functionality has been kept generic so the same helpers can be used to query other capability chain information, if needed. Reviewed-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Tested-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Signed-off-by: Alex Mastro <amastro@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251111-iova-ranges-v3-1-7960244642c5@fb.com Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex@shazbot.org>
2025-11-12tracing: Have function tracer define options per instanceSteven Rostedt
Currently the function tracer's options are saved via a global mask when it should be per instance. Use the new infrastructure to define a "default_flags" field in the tracer structure that is used for the top level instance as well as new ones. Currently the global mask causes confusion: # cd /sys/kernel/tracing # mkdir instances/foo # echo function > instances/foo/current_tracer # echo 1 > options/func-args # echo function > current_tracer # cat trace [..] <idle>-0 [005] d..3. 1050.656187: rcu_needs_cpu() <-tick_nohz_next_event <idle>-0 [005] d..3. 1050.656188: get_next_timer_interrupt(basej=0x10002dbad, basem=0xf45fd7d300) <-tick_nohz_next_event <idle>-0 [005] d..3. 1050.656189: _raw_spin_lock(lock=0xffff8944bdf5de80) <-__get_next_timer_interrupt <idle>-0 [005] d..4. 1050.656190: do_raw_spin_lock(lock=0xffff8944bdf5de80) <-__get_next_timer_interrupt <idle>-0 [005] d..4. 1050.656191: _raw_spin_lock_nested(lock=0xffff8944bdf5f140, subclass=1) <-__get_next_timer_interrupt # cat instances/foo/options/func-args 1 # cat instances/foo/trace [..] kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127735: next_zone <-refresh_cpu_vm_stats kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127736: first_online_pgdat <-refresh_cpu_vm_stats kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127738: next_online_pgdat <-refresh_cpu_vm_stats kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127739: fold_diff <-refresh_cpu_vm_stats kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127741: round_jiffies_relative <-vmstat_update [..] The above shows that updating the "func-args" option at the top level instance also updates the "func-args" option in the instance but because the update is only done by the instance that gets changed (as it should), it's confusing to see that the option is already set in the other instance. Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251111232429.470883736@kernel.org Fixes: f20a580627f43 ("ftrace: Allow instances to use function tracing") Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2025-11-12tracing: Have tracer option be instance specificSteven Rostedt
Tracers can add specify options to modify them. This logic was added before instances were created and the tracer flags were global variables. After instances were created where a tracer may exist in more than one instance, the flags were not updated from being global into instance specific. This causes confusion with these options. For example, the function tracer has an option to enable function arguments: # cd /sys/kernel/tracing # mkdir instances/foo # echo function > instances/foo/current_tracer # echo 1 > options/func-args # echo function > current_tracer # cat trace [..] <idle>-0 [005] d..3. 1050.656187: rcu_needs_cpu() <-tick_nohz_next_event <idle>-0 [005] d..3. 1050.656188: get_next_timer_interrupt(basej=0x10002dbad, basem=0xf45fd7d300) <-tick_nohz_next_event <idle>-0 [005] d..3. 1050.656189: _raw_spin_lock(lock=0xffff8944bdf5de80) <-__get_next_timer_interrupt <idle>-0 [005] d..4. 1050.656190: do_raw_spin_lock(lock=0xffff8944bdf5de80) <-__get_next_timer_interrupt <idle>-0 [005] d..4. 1050.656191: _raw_spin_lock_nested(lock=0xffff8944bdf5f140, subclass=1) <-__get_next_timer_interrupt # cat instances/foo/options/func-args 1 # cat instances/foo/trace [..] kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127735: next_zone <-refresh_cpu_vm_stats kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127736: first_online_pgdat <-refresh_cpu_vm_stats kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127738: next_online_pgdat <-refresh_cpu_vm_stats kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127739: fold_diff <-refresh_cpu_vm_stats kworker/4:1-88 [004] ...1. 298.127741: round_jiffies_relative <-vmstat_update [..] The above shows that setting "func-args" in the top level instance also set it in the instance "foo", but since the interface of the trace flags are per instance, the update didn't take affect in the "foo" instance. Update the infrastructure to allow tracers to add a "default_flags" field in the tracer structure that can be set instead of "flags" which will make the flags per instance. If a tracer needs to keep the flags global (like blktrace), keeping the "flags" field set will keep the old behavior. This does not update function or the function graph tracers. That will be handled later. Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251111232429.305317942@kernel.org Fixes: f20a580627f43 ("ftrace: Allow instances to use function tracing") Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2025-11-12net: clear skb->sk in skb_release_head_state()Eric Dumazet
skb_release_head_state() inlines skb_orphan(). We need to clear skb->sk otherwise we can freeze TCP flows on a mostly idle host, because skb_fclone_busy() would return true as long as the packet is not yet processed by skb_defer_free_flush(). Fixes: 1fcf572211da ("net: allow skb_release_head_state() to be called multiple times") Fixes: e20dfbad8aab ("net: fix napi_consume_skb() with alien skbs") Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Tested-by: Aditya Garg <gargaditya@linux.microsoft.com> Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251111151235.1903659-1-edumazet@google.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnheChuang Wang
The sit driver's packet transmission path calls: sit_tunnel_xmit() -> update_or_create_fnhe(), which lead to fnhe_remove_oldest() being called to delete entries exceeding FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random. The race window is between fnhe_remove_oldest() selecting fnheX for deletion and the subsequent kfree_rcu(). During this time, the concurrent path's __mkroute_output() -> find_exception() can fetch the soon-to-be-deleted fnheX, and rt_bind_exception() then binds it with a new dst using a dst_hold(). When the original fnheX is freed via RCU, the dst reference remains permanently leaked. CPU 0 CPU 1 __mkroute_output() find_exception() [fnheX] update_or_create_fnhe() fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX] rt_bind_exception() [bind dst] RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak] This issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in dmesg when unregistering the net device: unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N Ido Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1]. The fix clears 'oldest->fnhe_daddr' before calling fnhe_flush_routes(). Since rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents the stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it is freed. [1] ip netns add ns1 ip -n ns1 link set dev lo up ip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo ip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy ip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1 ip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \ local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2 ip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1 taskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \ -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q & taskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \ -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q & sleep 10 ip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill ip netns del ns1 Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 67d6d681e15b ("ipv4: make exception cache less predictible") Signed-off-by: Chuang Wang <nashuiliang@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251111064328.24440-1-nashuiliang@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12drm/i915/dp_mst: Disable Panel ReplayImre Deak
Disable Panel Replay on MST links until it's properly implemented. For instance the required VSC SDP is not programmed on MST and FEC is not enabled if Panel Replay is enabled. Fixes: 3257e55d3ea7 ("drm/i915/panelreplay: enable/disable panel replay") Closes: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/i915/kernel/-/issues/15174 Cc: Jouni Högander <jouni.hogander@intel.com> Cc: Animesh Manna <animesh.manna@intel.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.8+ Reviewed-by: Jouni Högander <jouni.hogander@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Imre Deak <imre.deak@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251107124141.911895-1-imre.deak@intel.com (cherry picked from commit e109f644b871df8440c886a69cdce971ed533088) Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
2025-11-12drm/xe: fix kernel-doc function name mismatch in xe_pm.cKriish Sharma
Documentation build reported: WARNING: ./drivers/gpu/drm/xe/xe_pm.c:131 expecting prototype for xe_pm_might_block_on_suspend(). Prototype was for xe_pm_block_on_suspend() instead The kernel-doc comment for xe_pm_block_on_suspend() incorrectly used the function name xe_pm_might_block_on_suspend(). Fix the header to match the actual function prototype. No functional changes. Fixes: f73f6dd312a5 ("drm/xe/pm: Add lockdep annotation for the pm_block completion") Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202511061736.CiuroL7H-lkp@intel.com/ Signed-off-by: Kriish Sharma <kriish.sharma2006@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251110184206.2113830-1-kriish.sharma2006@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
2025-11-12phy: phy-can-transceiver: Support TJA1048/TJA1051Vinod Koul
Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com> says: TJA1048 is a Dual channel can transceiver with Sleep mode supported. TJA105{1,7} is a Single Channel can transceiver with Sleep mode supported. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251001-can-v7-0-fad29efc3884@nxp.com Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
2025-11-12phy: phy-can-transceiver: Add support for TJA105{1,7}Peng Fan
Support TJA105{1,7} which are a single channel high-speed CAN transceiver with silent mode supported. phy mode is not implemented as of now. silent settings are kept in phy_power_on and phy_power_off. After phy mode is supported, the silent settings could be moved to phy_set_mode. Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com> Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com> Acked-by: Marc Kleine-Budde <mkl@pengutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251001-can-v7-5-fad29efc3884@nxp.com Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
2025-11-12phy: phy-can-transceiver: Drop the gpio desc checkPeng Fan
gpiod_set_value_cansleep has an internal check on gpio_desc using 'VALIDATE_DESC(desc)', the check before invoking gpiod_set_value_cansleep could be removed. Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com> Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com> Acked-by: Marc Kleine-Budde <mkl@pengutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251001-can-v7-4-fad29efc3884@nxp.com Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
2025-11-12phy: phy-can-transceiver: Add dual channel support for TJA1048Peng Fan
- Introduce new flag CAN_TRANSCEIVER_DUAL_CH to indicate the phy has two channels. - Alloc a phy for each channel - Support TJA1048 which is a dual high-speed CAN transceiver with sleep mode supported. - Add can_transceiver_phy_xlate for parsing phy Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com> Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com> Acked-by: Marc Kleine-Budde <mkl@pengutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251001-can-v7-3-fad29efc3884@nxp.com Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
2025-11-12phy: phy-can-transceiver: Introduce can_transceiver_privPeng Fan
To prepare for dual-channel phy support, introduce can_transceiver_priv as a higher level encapsulation for phy. No functional changes. Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com> Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com> Acked-by: Marc Kleine-Budde <mkl@pengutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251001-can-v7-2-fad29efc3884@nxp.com Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
2025-11-12dt-bindings: phy: ti,tcan104x-can: Document NXP TJA105X/1048Peng Fan
The TJA1048 is a dual high-speed CAN transceiver with sleep mode supported and no EN pin. The TJA1051 is a high-speed CAN transceiver with slient mode supported, but only TJA1051T/E has EN pin. To make it simple, make enable-gpios as optional for TJA1051. The TJA1057 is a high-speed CAN transceiver with slient mode supported and no EN pin. Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com> Reviewed-by: Rob Herring (Arm) <robh@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com> Acked-by: Marc Kleine-Budde <mkl@pengutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251001-can-v7-1-fad29efc3884@nxp.com Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
2025-11-12Merge branch 'selftests-vsock-refactor-and-improve-vmtest-infrastructure'Jakub Kicinski
Bobby Eshleman says: ==================== selftests/vsock: refactor and improve vmtest infrastructure This patch series refactors the vsock selftest VM infrastructure to improve test run times, improve logging, and prepare for future tests which make heavy usage of these refactored functions and have new requirements such as simultaneous QEMU processes. ==================== Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-0-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: disable shellcheck SC2317 and SC2119Bobby Eshleman
Disable shellcheck rules SC2317 and SC2119. These rules are being triggered due to false positives. For SC2317, many `return "${KSFT_PASS}"` lines are reported as unreachable, even though they are executed during normal runs. For SC2119, the fact that log_guest/log_host accept either stdin or arguments triggers SC2119, despite being valid. Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-12-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: add vsock_loopback module loadingBobby Eshleman
Add vsock_loopback module loading to the loopback test so that vmtest.sh can be used for kernels built with loopback as a module. This is not technically a fix as kselftest expects loopback to be built-in already (defined in selftests/vsock/config). This is useful only for using vmtest.sh outside of kselftest. Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-11-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: add 1.37 to tested virtme-ng versionsBobby Eshleman
Testing with 1.37 shows all tests passing but emits the warning: warning: vng version 'virtme-ng 1.37' has not been tested and may not function properly. The following versions have been tested: 1.33 1.36 This patch adds 1.37 to the virtme-ng versions to get rid of the above warning. Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-10-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: add BUILD=0 definitionBobby Eshleman
Add the definition for BUILD and initialize it to zero. This avoids 'bash -u vmtest.sh` from throwing 'unbound variable' when BUILD is not set to 1 and is later checked for its value. Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-9-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: identify and execute tests that can re-use VMBobby Eshleman
In preparation for future patches that introduce tests that cannot re-use the same VM, add functions to identify those that *can* re-use a VM. By continuing to re-use the same VM for these tests we can save time by avoiding the delay of booting a VM for every test. Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-8-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: add check_result() for pass/fail countingBobby Eshleman
Add check_result() function to reuse logic for incrementing the pass/fail counters. This function will get used by different callers as we add different types of tests in future patches (namely, namespace and non-namespace tests will be called at different places, and re-use this function). Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-7-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: speed up tests by reducing the QEMU pidfile timeoutBobby Eshleman
Reduce the time waiting for the QEMU pidfile from three minutes to five seconds. The three minute time window was chosen to make sure QEMU had enough time to fully boot up. This, however, is an unreasonably long delay for QEMU to write the pidfile, which happens earlier when the QEMU process starts (not after VM boot). The three minute delay becomes noticeably wasteful in future tests that expect QEMU to fail and wait a full three minutes for a pidfile that will never exist. Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-6-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: do not unconditionally die if qemu failsBobby Eshleman
If QEMU fails to boot, then set the returncode (via timeout) instead of unconditionally dying. This is in preparation for tests that expect QEMU to fail to boot. In that case, we just want to know if the boot failed or not so we can test the pass/fail criteria, and continue executing the next test. Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-5-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: avoid multi-VM pidfile collisions with QEMUBobby Eshleman
Change QEMU to use generated pidfile names instead of just a single globally-defined pidfile. This allows multiple QEMU instances to co-exist with different pidfiles. This is required for future tests that use multiple VMs to check for CID collissions. Additionally, this also places the burden of killing the QEMU process and cleaning up the pidfile on the caller of vm_start(). To help with this, a function terminate_pidfiles() is introduced that callers use to perform the cleanup. The terminate_pidfiles() function supports multiple pidfile removals because future patches will need to process two pidfiles at a time. Change QEMU_OPTS to be initialized inside the vm_start(). This allows the generated pidfile to be passed to the string assignment, and prepares for future vm-specific options as well (e.g., cid). Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-4-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: reuse logic for vsock_test through wrapper functionsBobby Eshleman
Add wrapper functions vm_vsock_test() and host_vsock_test() to invoke the vsock_test binary. This encapsulates several items of repeat logic, such as waiting for the server to reach listening state and enabling/disabling the bash option pipefail to avoid pipe-style logging from hiding failures. Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-3-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: make wait_for_listener() work even if pipefail is onBobby Eshleman
Rewrite wait_for_listener()'s pattern matching to avoid tripping the if-condition when pipefail is on. awk doesn't gracefully handle SIGPIPE with a non-zero exit code, so grep exiting upon finding a match causes false-positives when the pipefail option is used (grep exits, SIGPIPE emits, and awk complains with a non-zero exit code). Instead, move all of the pattern matching into awk so that SIGPIPE cannot happen and the correct exit code is returned. Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-2-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12selftests/vsock: improve logging in vmtest.shBobby Eshleman
Improve usability of logging functions. Remove the test name prefix from logging functions so that logging calls can be made deeper into the call stack without passing down the test name or setting some global. Teach log function to accept a LOG_PREFIX variable to avoid unnecessary argument shifting. Remove log_setup() and instead use log_host(). The host/guest prefixes are useful to show whether a failure happened on the guest or host side, but "setup" doesn't really give additional useful information. Since all log_setup() calls happen on the host, lets just use log_host() instead. Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108-vsock-selftests-fixes-and-improvements-v4-1-d5e8d6c87289@meta.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2025-11-12ASoC: Intel: boards: fix HDMI playback lookup when HDMI-In capture usedKai Vehmanen
In boards like adl_lt6911_hdmi_ssp/mtl_lt6911_hdmi_ssp/rpl_lt6911_hdmi_ssp, HDMI is supported both for playback via normal HDA display codec, as well as PCM capture from HDMI-In over I2S. The common board driver function hda_dsp_hdmi_pcm_handle() has an invalid assumption that "HDMI" is only used to identify playback HDMI PCMs on the card. This will result in failures if HDMI-In PCMs are defined in topology using the string "HDMI", and they are registered before the playback PCMs. Fix the issue by explicitly looking for FE playback PCMs. Signed-off-by: Kai Vehmanen <kai.vehmanen@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Péter Ujfalusi <peter.ujfalusi@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Bard Liao <yung-chuan.liao@linux.intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251112115045.337062-1-yung-chuan.liao@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
2025-11-12firewire: core: add WQ_UNBOUND to alloc_workqueue usersMarco Crivellari
Currently if a user enqueues a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND. This lack of consistency cannot be addressed without refactoring the API. alloc_workqueue() treats all queues as per-CPU by default, while unbound workqueues must opt-in via WQ_UNBOUND. This default is suboptimal: most workloads benefit from unbound queues, allowing the scheduler to place worker threads where they’re needed and reducing noise when CPUs are isolated. This continues the effort to refactor workqueue APIs, which began with the introduction of new workqueues and a new alloc_workqueue flag in: commit 128ea9f6ccfb ("workqueue: Add system_percpu_wq and system_dfl_wq") commit 930c2ea566af ("workqueue: Add new WQ_PERCPU flag") This change adds the WQ_UNBOUND flag to explicitly request alloc_workqueue() to be unbound, because this specific workload has no benefit being per-cpu. With the introduction of the WQ_PERCPU flag (equivalent to !WQ_UNBOUND), any alloc_workqueue() caller that doesn’t explicitly specify WQ_UNBOUND must now use WQ_PERCPU. Once migration is complete, WQ_UNBOUND can be removed and unbound will become the implicit default. Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@suse.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251112120125.124578-1-marco.crivellari@suse.com Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
2025-11-12pinctrl: airoha: convert comma to semicolonChen Ni
Replace comma between expressions with semicolons. Using a ',' in place of a ';' can have unintended side effects. Although that is not the case here, it is seems best to use ';' unless ',' is intended. Found by inspection. No functional change intended. Compile tested only. Signed-off-by: Chen Ni <nichen@iscas.ac.cn> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
2025-11-12pinctrl: qcom: msm: Fix deadlock in pinmux configurationPraveen Talari
Replace disable_irq() with disable_irq_nosync() in msm_pinmux_set_mux() to prevent deadlock when wakeup IRQ is triggered on the same GPIO being reconfigured. The issue occurs when a wakeup IRQ is triggered on a GPIO and the IRQ handler attempts to reconfigure the same GPIO's pinmux. In this scenario, msm_pinmux_set_mux() calls disable_irq() which waits for the currently running IRQ handler to complete, creating a circular dependency that results in deadlock. Using disable_irq_nosync() avoids waiting for the IRQ handler to complete, preventing the deadlock condition while still properly disabling the interrupt during pinmux reconfiguration. Suggested-by: Prasad Sodagudi <prasad.sodagudi@oss.qualcomm.com> Signed-off-by: Praveen Talari <praveen.talari@oss.qualcomm.com> Reviewed-by: Bjorn Andersson <andersson@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
2025-11-12platform/x86: hp-wmi: Add Omen MAX 16-ah0xx fan support and thermal profileMarcos Vega
New HP Omen laptops follow the same WMI thermal profile as Victus 16-r1000 and 16-s1000. Add DMI board 8D41 to victus_s_thermal_profile_boards. Signed-off-by: Marcos Vega <marcosmola2@gmail.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251108114739.9255-3-marcosmola2@gmail.com [ij: changelog taken partially from v1] Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2025-11-12platform/x86: asus-armoury: add panel_hd_mode attributeLuke D. Jones
Add panel_hd_mode to toggle the panel mode between single and high definition modes. Signed-off-by: Denis Benato <denis.benato@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Luke D. Jones <luke@ljones.dev> Reviewed-by: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@amd.com> Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251102215319.3126879-4-denis.benato@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2025-11-12platform/x86: asus-armoury: move existing tunings to asus-armoury moduleLuke D. Jones
The fw_attributes_class provides a much cleaner interface to all of the attributes introduced to asus-wmi. This patch moves all of these extra attributes over to fw_attributes_class, and shifts the bulk of these definitions to a new kernel module to reduce the clutter of asus-wmi with the intention of deprecating the asus-wmi attributes in future. The work applies only to WMI methods which don't have a clearly defined place within the sysfs and as a result ended up lumped together in /sys/devices/platform/asus-nb-wmi/ with no standard API. Where possible the fw attrs now implement defaults, min, max, scalar, choices, etc. As en example dgpu_disable becomes: /sys/class/firmware-attributes/asus-armoury/attributes/dgpu_disable/ ├── current_value ├── display_name ├── possible_values └── type as do other attributes. Co-developed-by: Denis Benato <denis.benato@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Denis Benato <denis.benato@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Luke D. Jones <luke@ljones.dev> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251102215319.3126879-3-denis.benato@linux.dev Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
2025-11-12RDMA/irdma: Remove redundant NULL check of udata in irdma_create_user_ah()Tuo Li
The variable udata cannot be NULL because irdma_create_user_ah() always receives it. Therefore, the if() check can be safely removed. Signed-off-by: Tuo Li <islituo@gmail.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251112120253.68945-1-islituo@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org>
2025-11-12mmc: core: add WQ_PERCPU to alloc_workqueue usersMarco Crivellari
Currently if a user enqueues a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND. This lack of consistency cannot be addressed without refactoring the API. alloc_workqueue() treats all queues as per-CPU by default, while unbound workqueues must opt-in via WQ_UNBOUND. This default is suboptimal: most workloads benefit from unbound queues, allowing the scheduler to place worker threads where they’re needed and reducing noise when CPUs are isolated. This continues the effort to refactor workqueue APIs, which began with the introduction of new workqueues and a new alloc_workqueue flag in: commit 128ea9f6ccfb ("workqueue: Add system_percpu_wq and system_dfl_wq") commit 930c2ea566af ("workqueue: Add new WQ_PERCPU flag") This change adds a new WQ_PERCPU flag to explicitly request alloc_workqueue() to be per-cpu when WQ_UNBOUND has not been specified. With the introduction of the WQ_PERCPU flag (equivalent to !WQ_UNBOUND), any alloc_workqueue() caller that doesn’t explicitly specify WQ_UNBOUND must now use WQ_PERCPU. Once migration is complete, WQ_UNBOUND can be removed and unbound will become the implicit default. Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>