kernel.git/mm/slab.h, branch linux-5.5.y

mm: clean up and clarify lruvec lookup procedure

2019-12-01T20:59:06Z

There is a per-memcg lruvec and a NUMA node lruvec. Which one is being used is somewhat confusing right now, and it's easy to make mistakes - especially when it comes to global reclaim. How it works: when memory cgroups are enabled, we always use the root_mem_cgroup's per-node lruvecs. When memory cgroups are not compiled in or disabled at runtime, we use pgdat->lruvec. Document that in a comment. Due to the way the reclaim code is generalized, all lookups use the mem_cgroup_lruvec() helper function, and nobody should have to find the right lruvec manually right now. But to avoid future mistakes, rename the pgdat->lruvec member to pgdat->__lruvec and delete the convenience wrapper that suggests it's a commonly accessed member. While in this area, swap the mem_cgroup_lruvec() argument order. The name suggests a memcg operation, yet it takes a pgdat first and a memcg second. I have to double take every time I call this. Fix that. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191022144803.302233-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner Acked-by: Michal Hocko Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt Cc: Roman Gushchin Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, slab: make kmalloc_info[] contain all types of names

2019-12-01T14:29:17Z

Patch series "mm, slab: Make kmalloc_info[] contain all types of names", v6. There are three types of kmalloc, KMALLOC_NORMAL, KMALLOC_RECLAIM and KMALLOC_DMA. The name of KMALLOC_NORMAL is contained in kmalloc_info[].name, but the names of KMALLOC_RECLAIM and KMALLOC_DMA are dynamically generated by kmalloc_cache_name(). Patch1 predefines the names of all types of kmalloc to save the time spent dynamically generating names. These changes make sense, and the time spent by new_kmalloc_cache() has been reduced by approximately 36.3%. Time spent by new_kmalloc_cache() (CPU cycles) 5.3-rc7 66264 5.3-rc7+patch 42188 This patch (of 3): There are three types of kmalloc, KMALLOC_NORMAL, KMALLOC_RECLAIM and KMALLOC_DMA. The name of KMALLOC_NORMAL is contained in kmalloc_info[].name, but the names of KMALLOC_RECLAIM and KMALLOC_DMA are dynamically generated by kmalloc_cache_name(). This patch predefines the names of all types of kmalloc to save the time spent dynamically generating names. Besides, remove the kmalloc_cache_name() that is no longer used. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1569241648-26908-2-git-send-email-lpf.vector@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Pengfei Li Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka Acked-by: Roman Gushchin Acked-by: David Rientjes Cc: Christoph Lameter Cc: Pekka Enberg Cc: Joonsoo Kim Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: slab: make page_cgroup_ino() to recognize non-compound slab pages properly

2019-11-06T16:47:50Z

page_cgroup_ino() doesn't return a valid memcg pointer for non-compound slab pages, because it depends on PgHead AND PgSlab flags to be set to determine the memory cgroup from the kmem_cache. It's correct for compound pages, but not for generic small pages. Those don't have PgHead set, so it ends up returning zero. Fix this by replacing the condition to PageSlab() && !PageTail(). Before this patch: [root@localhost ~]# ./page-types -c /sys/fs/cgroup/user.slice/user-0.slice/user@0.service/ | grep slab 0x0000000000000080 38 0 _______S___________________________________ slab After this patch: [root@localhost ~]# ./page-types -c /sys/fs/cgroup/user.slice/user-0.slice/user@0.service/ | grep slab 0x0000000000000080 147 0 _______S___________________________________ slab Also, hwpoison_filter_task() uses output of page_cgroup_ino() in order to filter error injection events based on memcg. So if page_cgroup_ino() fails to return memcg pointer, we just fail to inject memory error. Considering that hwpoison filter is for testing, affected users are limited and the impact should be marginal. [n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com: changelog additions] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191031012151.2722280-1-guro@fb.com Fixes: 4d96ba353075 ("mm: memcg/slab: stop setting page->mem_cgroup pointer for slab pages") Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt Acked-by: David Rientjes Cc: Vladimir Davydov Cc: Daniel Jordan Cc: Naoya Horiguchi Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, slab: move memcg_cache_params structure to mm/slab.h

2019-09-24T22:54:07Z

The memcg_cache_params structure is only embedded into the kmem_cache of slab and slub allocators as defined in slab_def.h and slub_def.h and used internally by mm code. There is no needed to expose it in a public header. So move it from include/linux/slab.h to mm/slab.h. It is just a refactoring patch with no code change. In fact both the slub_def.h and slab_def.h should be moved into the mm directory as well, but that will probably cause many merge conflicts. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190718180827.18758-1-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Waiman Long Acked-by: David Rientjes Cc: Christoph Lameter Cc: Pekka Enberg Cc: Joonsoo Kim Cc: Roman Gushchin Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Shakeel Butt Cc: Vladimir Davydov Cc: Michal Hocko Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, slab: extend slab/shrink to shrink all memcg caches

2019-09-24T22:54:07Z

Currently, a value of '1" is written to /sys/kernel/slab//shrink file to shrink the slab by flushing out all the per-cpu slabs and free slabs in partial lists. This can be useful to squeeze out a bit more memory under extreme condition as well as making the active object counts in /proc/slabinfo more accurate. This usually applies only to the root caches, as the SLUB_MEMCG_SYSFS_ON option is usually not enabled and "slub_memcg_sysfs=1" not set. Even if memcg sysfs is turned on, it is too cumbersome and impractical to manage all those per-memcg sysfs files in a real production system. So there is no practical way to shrink memcg caches. Fix this by enabling a proper write to the shrink sysfs file of the root cache to scan all the available memcg caches and shrink them as well. For a non-root memcg cache (when SLUB_MEMCG_SYSFS_ON or slub_memcg_sysfs is on), only that cache will be shrunk when written. On a 2-socket 64-core 256-thread arm64 system with 64k page after a parallel kernel build, the the amount of memory occupied by slabs before shrinking slabs were: # grep task_struct /proc/slabinfo task_struct 53137 53192 4288 61 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 872 872 0 # grep "^S[lRU]" /proc/meminfo Slab: 3936832 kB SReclaimable: 399104 kB SUnreclaim: 3537728 kB After shrinking slabs (by echoing "1" to all shrink files): # grep "^S[lRU]" /proc/meminfo Slab: 1356288 kB SReclaimable: 263296 kB SUnreclaim: 1092992 kB # grep task_struct /proc/slabinfo task_struct 2764 6832 4288 61 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 112 112 0 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190723151445.7385-1-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Waiman Long Acked-by: Roman Gushchin Acked-by: Christoph Lameter Cc: Pekka Enberg Cc: David Rientjes Cc: Joonsoo Kim Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Shakeel Butt Cc: Vladimir Davydov Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options

2019-07-12T18:05:46Z

Patch series "add init_on_alloc/init_on_free boot options", v10. Provide init_on_alloc and init_on_free boot options. These are aimed at preventing possible information leaks and making the control-flow bugs that depend on uninitialized values more deterministic. Enabling either of the options guarantees that the memory returned by the page allocator and SL[AU]B is initialized with zeroes. SLOB allocator isn't supported at the moment, as its emulation of kmem caches complicates handling of SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU caches correctly. Enabling init_on_free also guarantees that pages and heap objects are initialized right after they're freed, so it won't be possible to access stale data by using a dangling pointer. As suggested by Michal Hocko, right now we don't let the heap users to disable initialization for certain allocations. There's not enough evidence that doing so can speed up real-life cases, and introducing ways to opt-out may result in things going out of control. This patch (of 2): The new options are needed to prevent possible information leaks and make control-flow bugs that depend on uninitialized values more deterministic. This is expected to be on-by-default on Android and Chrome OS. And it gives the opportunity for anyone else to use it under distros too via the boot args. (The init_on_free feature is regularly requested by folks where memory forensics is included in their threat models.) init_on_alloc=1 makes the kernel initialize newly allocated pages and heap objects with zeroes. Initialization is done at allocation time at the places where checks for __GFP_ZERO are performed. init_on_free=1 makes the kernel initialize freed pages and heap objects with zeroes upon their deletion. This helps to ensure sensitive data doesn't leak via use-after-free accesses. Both init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 guarantee that the allocator returns zeroed memory. The two exceptions are slab caches with constructors and SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU flag. Those are never zero-initialized to preserve their semantics. Both init_on_alloc and init_on_free default to zero, but those defaults can be overridden with CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON and CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON. If either SLUB poisoning or page poisoning is enabled, those options take precedence over init_on_alloc and init_on_free: initialization is only applied to unpoisoned allocations. Slowdown for the new features compared to init_on_free=0, init_on_alloc=0: hackbench, init_on_free=1: +7.62% sys time (st.err 0.74%) hackbench, init_on_alloc=1: +7.75% sys time (st.err 2.14%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_free=1: +8.38% wall time (st.err 0.39%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_free=1: +24.42% sys time (st.err 0.52%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_alloc=1: -0.13% wall time (st.err 0.42%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_alloc=1: +0.57% sys time (st.err 0.40%) The slowdown for init_on_free=0, init_on_alloc=0 compared to the baseline is within the standard error. The new features are also going to pave the way for hardware memory tagging (e.g. arm64's MTE), which will require both on_alloc and on_free hooks to set the tags for heap objects. With MTE, tagging will have the same cost as memory initialization. Although init_on_free is rather costly, there are paranoid use-cases where in-memory data lifetime is desired to be minimized. There are various arguments for/against the realism of the associated threat models, but given that we'll need the infrastructure for MTE anyway, and there are people who want wipe-on-free behavior no matter what the performance cost, it seems reasonable to include it in this series. [glider@google.com: v8] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190626121943.131390-2-glider@google.com [glider@google.com: v9] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190627130316.254309-2-glider@google.com [glider@google.com: v10] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190628093131.199499-2-glider@google.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190617151050.92663-2-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko Acked-by: Kees Cook Acked-by: Michal Hocko [page and dmapool parts Acked-by: James Morris ] Cc: Christoph Lameter Cc: Masahiro Yamada Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" Cc: Nick Desaulniers Cc: Kostya Serebryany Cc: Dmitry Vyukov Cc: Sandeep Patil Cc: Laura Abbott Cc: Randy Dunlap Cc: Jann Horn Cc: Mark Rutland Cc: Marco Elver Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: memcg/slab: reparent memcg kmem_caches on cgroup removal

2019-07-12T18:05:44Z

Let's reparent non-root kmem_caches on memcg offlining. This allows us to release the memory cgroup without waiting for the last outstanding kernel object (e.g. dentry used by another application). Since the parent cgroup is already charged, everything we need to do is to splice the list of kmem_caches to the parent's kmem_caches list, swap the memcg pointer, drop the css refcounter for each kmem_cache and adjust the parent's css refcounter. Please, note that kmem_cache->memcg_params.memcg isn't a stable pointer anymore. It's safe to read it under rcu_read_lock(), cgroup_mutex held, or any other way that protects the memory cgroup from being released. We can race with the slab allocation and deallocation paths. It's not a big problem: parent's charge and slab global stats are always correct, and we don't care anymore about the child usage and global stats. The child cgroup is already offline, so we don't use or show it anywhere. Local slab stats (NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE and NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE) aren't used anywhere except count_shadow_nodes(). But even there it won't break anything: after reparenting "nodes" will be 0 on child level (because we're already reparenting shrinker lists), and on parent level page stats always were 0, and this patch won't change anything. [guro@fb.com: properly handle kmem_caches reparented to root_mem_cgroup] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190620213427.1691847-1-guro@fb.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-11-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt Acked-by: David Rientjes Cc: Christoph Lameter Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Waiman Long Cc: David Rientjes Cc: Joonsoo Kim Cc: Pekka Enberg Cc: Andrei Vagin Cc: Qian Cai Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: memcg/slab: stop setting page->mem_cgroup pointer for slab pages

2019-07-12T18:05:44Z

Every slab page charged to a non-root memory cgroup has a pointer to the memory cgroup and holds a reference to it, which protects a non-empty memory cgroup from being released. At the same time the page has a pointer to the corresponding kmem_cache, and also hold a reference to the kmem_cache. And kmem_cache by itself holds a reference to the cgroup. So there is clearly some redundancy, which allows to stop setting the page->mem_cgroup pointer and rely on getting memcg pointer indirectly via kmem_cache. Further it will allow to change this pointer easier, without a need to go over all charged pages. So let's stop setting page->mem_cgroup pointer for slab pages, and stop using the css refcounter directly for protecting the memory cgroup from going away. Instead rely on kmem_cache as an intermediate object. Make sure that vmstats and shrinker lists are working as previously, as well as /proc/kpagecgroup interface. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-10-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt Cc: Christoph Lameter Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Waiman Long Cc: David Rientjes Cc: Joonsoo Kim Cc: Pekka Enberg Cc: Andrei Vagin Cc: Qian Cai Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: memcg/slab: rework non-root kmem_cache lifecycle management

2019-07-12T18:05:44Z

Currently each charged slab page holds a reference to the cgroup to which it's charged. Kmem_caches are held by the memcg and are released all together with the memory cgroup. It means that none of kmem_caches are released unless at least one reference to the memcg exists, which is very far from optimal. Let's rework it in a way that allows releasing individual kmem_caches as soon as the cgroup is offline, the kmem_cache is empty and there are no pending allocations. To make it possible, let's introduce a new percpu refcounter for non-root kmem caches. The counter is initialized to the percpu mode, and is switched to the atomic mode during kmem_cache deactivation. The counter is bumped for every charged page and also for every running allocation. So the kmem_cache can't be released unless all allocations complete. To shutdown non-active empty kmem_caches, let's reuse the work queue, previously used for the kmem_cache deactivation. Once the reference counter reaches 0, let's schedule an asynchronous kmem_cache release. * I used the following simple approach to test the performance (stolen from another patchset by T. Harding): time find / -name fname-no-exist echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches repeat 10 times Results: orig patched real 0m1.455s real 0m1.355s user 0m0.206s user 0m0.219s sys 0m0.855s sys 0m0.807s real 0m1.487s real 0m1.699s user 0m0.221s user 0m0.256s sys 0m0.806s sys 0m0.948s real 0m1.515s real 0m1.505s user 0m0.183s user 0m0.215s sys 0m0.876s sys 0m0.858s real 0m1.291s real 0m1.380s user 0m0.193s user 0m0.198s sys 0m0.843s sys 0m0.786s real 0m1.364s real 0m1.374s user 0m0.180s user 0m0.182s sys 0m0.868s sys 0m0.806s real 0m1.352s real 0m1.312s user 0m0.201s user 0m0.212s sys 0m0.820s sys 0m0.761s real 0m1.302s real 0m1.349s user 0m0.205s user 0m0.203s sys 0m0.803s sys 0m0.792s real 0m1.334s real 0m1.301s user 0m0.194s user 0m0.201s sys 0m0.806s sys 0m0.779s real 0m1.426s real 0m1.434s user 0m0.216s user 0m0.181s sys 0m0.824s sys 0m0.864s real 0m1.350s real 0m1.295s user 0m0.200s user 0m0.190s sys 0m0.842s sys 0m0.811s So it looks like the difference is not noticeable in this test. [cai@lca.pw: fix an use-after-free in kmemcg_workfn()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1560977573-10715-1-git-send-email-cai@lca.pw Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-9-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin Signed-off-by: Qian Cai Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov Cc: Christoph Lameter Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Shakeel Butt Cc: Waiman Long Cc: David Rientjes Cc: Joonsoo Kim Cc: Pekka Enberg Cc: Andrei Vagin Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: memcg/slab: unify SLAB and SLUB page accounting

2019-07-12T18:05:44Z

Currently the page accounting code is duplicated in SLAB and SLUB internals. Let's move it into new (un)charge_slab_page helpers in the slab_common.c file. These helpers will be responsible for statistics (global and memcg-aware) and memcg charging. So they are replacing direct memcg_(un)charge_slab() calls. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190611231813.3148843-6-guro@fb.com Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt Acked-by: Christoph Lameter Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov Acked-by: Johannes Weiner Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Waiman Long Cc: David Rientjes Cc: Joonsoo Kim Cc: Pekka Enberg Cc: Andrei Vagin Cc: Qian Cai Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds