kernel.git/drivers/md/dm-snap.c, branch linux-4.4.y

dm snapshot: properly fix a crash when an origin has no snapshots

2021-06-03T06:22:05Z

commit 7e768532b2396bcb7fbf6f82384b85c0f1d2f197 upstream. If an origin target has no snapshots, o->split_boundary is set to 0. This causes BUG_ON(sectors <= 0) in block/bio.c:bio_split(). Fix this by initializing chunk_size, and in turn split_boundary, to rounddown_pow_of_two(UINT_MAX) -- the largest power of two that fits into "unsigned" type. Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

dm snapshot: fix crash with transient storage and zero chunk size

2021-05-26T09:27:32Z

commit c699a0db2d62e3bbb7f0bf35c87edbc8d23e3062 upstream. The following commands will crash the kernel: modprobe brd rd_size=1048576 dmsetup create o --table "0 `blockdev --getsize /dev/ram0` snapshot-origin /dev/ram0" dmsetup create s --table "0 `blockdev --getsize /dev/ram0` snapshot /dev/ram0 /dev/ram1 N 0" The reason is that when we test for zero chunk size, we jump to the label bad_read_metadata without setting the "r" variable. The function snapshot_ctr destroys all the structures and then exits with "r == 0". The kernel then crashes because it falsely believes that snapshot_ctr succeeded. In order to fix the bug, we set the variable "r" to -EINVAL. Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

dm: Use kzalloc for all structs with embedded biosets/mempools

2019-11-06T11:09:10Z

[ Upstream commit d377535405686f735b90a8ad4ba269484cd7c96e ] mempool_init()/bioset_init() require that the mempools/biosets be zeroed first; they probably should not _require_ this, but not allocating those structs with kzalloc is a fairly nonsensical thing to do (calling mempool_exit()/bioset_exit() on an uninitialized mempool/bioset is legal and safe, but only works if said memory was zeroed.) Acked-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

dm snapshot: rework COW throttling to fix deadlock

2019-11-06T11:09:10Z

[ Upstream commit b21555786f18cd77f2311ad89074533109ae3ffa ] Commit 721b1d98fb517a ("dm snapshot: Fix excessive memory usage and workqueue stalls") introduced a semaphore to limit the maximum number of in-flight kcopyd (COW) jobs. The implementation of this throttling mechanism is prone to a deadlock: 1. One or more threads write to the origin device causing COW, which is performed by kcopyd. 2. At some point some of these threads might reach the s->cow_count semaphore limit and block in down(&s->cow_count), holding a read lock on _origins_lock. 3. Someone tries to acquire a write lock on _origins_lock, e.g., snapshot_ctr(), which blocks because the threads at step (2) already hold a read lock on it. 4. A COW operation completes and kcopyd runs dm-snapshot's completion callback, which ends up calling pending_complete(). pending_complete() tries to resubmit any deferred origin bios. This requires acquiring a read lock on _origins_lock, which blocks. This happens because the read-write semaphore implementation gives priority to writers, meaning that as soon as a writer tries to enter the critical section, no readers will be allowed in, until all writers have completed their work. So, pending_complete() waits for the writer at step (3) to acquire and release the lock. This writer waits for the readers at step (2) to release the read lock and those readers wait for pending_complete() (the kcopyd thread) to signal the s->cow_count semaphore: DEADLOCK. The above was thoroughly analyzed and documented by Nikos Tsironis as part of his initial proposal for fixing this deadlock, see: https://www.redhat.com/archives/dm-devel/2019-October/msg00001.html Fix this deadlock by reworking COW throttling so that it waits without holding any locks. Add a variable 'in_progress' that counts how many kcopyd jobs are running. A function wait_for_in_progress() will sleep if 'in_progress' is over the limit. It drops _origins_lock in order to avoid the deadlock. Reported-by: Guruswamy Basavaiah Reported-by: Nikos Tsironis Reviewed-by: Nikos Tsironis Tested-by: Nikos Tsironis Fixes: 721b1d98fb51 ("dm snapshot: Fix excessive memory usage and workqueue stalls") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.0+ Depends-on: 4a3f111a73a8c ("dm snapshot: introduce account_start_copy() and account_end_copy()") Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

dm snapshot: introduce account_start_copy() and account_end_copy()

2019-11-06T11:09:10Z

[ Upstream commit a2f83e8b0c82c9500421a26c49eb198b25fcdea3 ] This simple refactoring moves code for modifying the semaphore cow_count into separate functions to prepare for changes that will extend these methods to provide for a more sophisticated mechanism for COW throttling. Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka Reviewed-by: Nikos Tsironis Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

dm snapshot: use mutex instead of rw_semaphore

2019-11-06T11:09:09Z

[ Upstream commit ae1093be5a0ef997833e200a0dafb9ed0b1ff4fe ] The rw_semaphore is acquired for read only in two places, neither is performance-critical. So replace it with a mutex -- which is more efficient. Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

dm snapshot: Fix excessive memory usage and workqueue stalls

2019-01-26T08:42:54Z

[ Upstream commit 721b1d98fb517ae99ab3b757021cf81db41e67be ] kcopyd has no upper limit to the number of jobs one can allocate and issue. Under certain workloads this can lead to excessive memory usage and workqueue stalls. For example, when creating multiple dm-snapshot targets with a 4K chunk size and then writing to the origin through the page cache. Syncing the page cache causes a large number of BIOs to be issued to the dm-snapshot origin target, which itself issues an even larger (because of the BIO splitting taking place) number of kcopyd jobs. Running the following test, from the device mapper test suite [1], dmtest run --suite snapshot -n many_snapshots_of_same_volume_N , with 8 active snapshots, results in the kcopyd job slab cache growing to 10G. Depending on the available system RAM this can lead to the OOM killer killing user processes: [463.492878] kthreadd invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x6040c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_COMP), nodemask=(null), order=1, oom_score_adj=0 [463.492894] kthreadd cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0 [463.492948] CPU: 7 PID: 2 Comm: kthreadd Not tainted 4.19.0-rc7 #3 [463.492950] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1 04/01/2014 [463.492952] Call Trace: [463.492964] dump_stack+0x7d/0xbb [463.492973] dump_header+0x6b/0x2fc [463.492987] ? lockdep_hardirqs_on+0xee/0x190 [463.493012] oom_kill_process+0x302/0x370 [463.493021] out_of_memory+0x113/0x560 [463.493030] __alloc_pages_slowpath+0xf40/0x1020 [463.493055] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x348/0x3c0 [463.493067] cache_grow_begin+0x81/0x8b0 [463.493072] ? cache_grow_begin+0x874/0x8b0 [463.493078] fallback_alloc+0x1e4/0x280 [463.493092] kmem_cache_alloc_node+0xd6/0x370 [463.493098] ? copy_process.part.31+0x1c5/0x20d0 [463.493105] copy_process.part.31+0x1c5/0x20d0 [463.493115] ? __lock_acquire+0x3cc/0x1550 [463.493121] ? __switch_to_asm+0x34/0x70 [463.493129] ? kthread_create_worker_on_cpu+0x70/0x70 [463.493135] ? finish_task_switch+0x90/0x280 [463.493165] _do_fork+0xe0/0x6d0 [463.493191] ? kthreadd+0x19f/0x220 [463.493233] kernel_thread+0x25/0x30 [463.493235] kthreadd+0x1bf/0x220 [463.493242] ? kthread_create_on_cpu+0x90/0x90 [463.493248] ret_from_fork+0x3a/0x50 [463.493279] Mem-Info: [463.493285] active_anon:20631 inactive_anon:4831 isolated_anon:0 [463.493285] active_file:80216 inactive_file:80107 isolated_file:435 [463.493285] unevictable:0 dirty:51266 writeback:109372 unstable:0 [463.493285] slab_reclaimable:31191 slab_unreclaimable:3483521 [463.493285] mapped:526 shmem:4903 pagetables:1759 bounce:0 [463.493285] free:33623 free_pcp:2392 free_cma:0 ... [463.493489] Unreclaimable slab info: [463.493513] Name Used Total [463.493522] bio-6 1028KB 1028KB [463.493525] bio-5 1028KB 1028KB [463.493528] dm_snap_pending_exception 236783KB 243789KB [463.493531] dm_exception 41KB 42KB [463.493534] bio-4 1216KB 1216KB [463.493537] bio-3 439396KB 439396KB [463.493539] kcopyd_job 6973427KB 6973427KB ... [463.494340] Out of memory: Kill process 1298 (ruby2.3) score 1 or sacrifice child [463.494673] Killed process 1298 (ruby2.3) total-vm:435740kB, anon-rss:20180kB, file-rss:4kB, shmem-rss:0kB [463.506437] oom_reaper: reaped process 1298 (ruby2.3), now anon-rss:0kB, file-rss:0kB, shmem-rss:0kB Moreover, issuing a large number of kcopyd jobs results in kcopyd hogging the CPU, while processing them. As a result, processing of work items, queued for execution on the same CPU as the currently running kcopyd thread, is stalled for long periods of time, hurting performance. Running the aforementioned test we get, in dmesg, messages like the following: [67501.194592] BUG: workqueue lockup - pool cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 stuck for 27s! [67501.195586] Showing busy workqueues and worker pools: [67501.195591] workqueue events: flags=0x0 [67501.195597] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195611] pending: cache_reap [67501.195641] workqueue mm_percpu_wq: flags=0x8 [67501.195645] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195656] pending: vmstat_update [67501.195682] workqueue kblockd: flags=0x18 [67501.195687] pwq 5: cpus=2 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=-20 active=1/256 [67501.195698] pending: blk_timeout_work [67501.195753] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195757] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195768] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195802] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195806] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195817] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195834] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195838] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195848] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195881] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195885] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195896] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195920] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195924] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=2/256 [67501.195935] in-flight: 67:do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195945] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195961] pool 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 hung=27s workers=3 idle: 129 23765 The root cause for these issues is the way dm-snapshot uses kcopyd. In particular, the lack of an explicit or implicit limit to the maximum number of in-flight COW jobs. The merging path is not affected because it implicitly limits the in-flight kcopyd jobs to one. Fix these issues by using a semaphore to limit the maximum number of in-flight kcopyd jobs. We grab the semaphore before allocating a new kcopyd job in start_copy() and start_full_bio() and release it after the job finishes in copy_callback(). The initial semaphore value is configurable through a module parameter, to allow fine tuning the maximum number of in-flight COW jobs. Setting this parameter to zero initializes the semaphore to INT_MAX. A default value of 2048 maximum in-flight kcopyd jobs was chosen. This value was decided experimentally as a trade-off between memory consumption, stalling the kernel's workqueues and maintaining a high enough throughput. Re-running the aforementioned test: * Workqueue stalls are eliminated * kcopyd's job slab cache uses a maximum of 130MB * The time taken by the test to write to the snapshot-origin target is reduced from 05m20.48s to 03m26.38s [1] https://github.com/jthornber/device-mapper-test-suite Signed-off-by: Nikos Tsironis Signed-off-by: Ilias Tsitsimpis Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

dm snapshot: disallow the COW and origin devices from being identical

2016-04-12T16:08:39Z

commit 4df2bf466a9c9c92f40d27c4aa9120f4e8227bfc upstream. Otherwise loading a "snapshot" table using the same device for the origin and COW devices, e.g.: echo "0 20971520 snapshot 253:3 253:3 P 8" | dmsetup create snap will trigger: BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000098 [ 1958.979934] IP: [] dm_exception_store_set_chunk_size+0x7a/0x110 [dm_snapshot] [ 1958.989655] PGD 0 [ 1958.991903] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP ... [ 1959.059647] CPU: 9 PID: 3556 Comm: dmsetup Tainted: G IO 4.5.0-rc5.snitm+ #150 ... [ 1959.083517] task: ffff8800b9660c80 ti: ffff88032a954000 task.ti: ffff88032a954000 [ 1959.091865] RIP: 0010:[] [] dm_exception_store_set_chunk_size+0x7a/0x110 [dm_snapshot] [ 1959.104295] RSP: 0018:ffff88032a957b30 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 1959.110219] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000008 RCX: 0000000000000001 [ 1959.118180] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000008 RDI: ffff880329334a00 [ 1959.126141] RBP: ffff88032a957b50 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000001 [ 1959.134102] R10: 000000000000000a R11: f000000000000000 R12: ffff880330884d80 [ 1959.142061] R13: 0000000000000008 R14: ffffc90001c13088 R15: ffff880330884d80 [ 1959.150021] FS: 00007f8926ba3840(0000) GS:ffff880333440000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 1959.159047] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 1959.165456] CR2: 0000000000000098 CR3: 000000032f48b000 CR4: 00000000000006e0 [ 1959.173415] Stack: [ 1959.175656] ffffc90001c13040 ffff880329334a00 ffff880330884ed0 ffff88032a957bdc [ 1959.183946] ffff88032a957bb8 ffffffffa040f225 ffff880329334a30 ffff880300000000 [ 1959.192233] ffffffffa04133e0 ffff880329334b30 0000000830884d58 00000000569c58cf [ 1959.200521] Call Trace: [ 1959.203248] [] dm_exception_store_create+0x1d5/0x240 [dm_snapshot] [ 1959.211986] [] snapshot_ctr+0x140/0x630 [dm_snapshot] [ 1959.219469] [] ? dm_split_args+0x64/0x150 [dm_mod] [ 1959.226656] [] dm_table_add_target+0x177/0x440 [dm_mod] [ 1959.234328] [] table_load+0x143/0x370 [dm_mod] [ 1959.241129] [] ? retrieve_status+0x1b0/0x1b0 [dm_mod] [ 1959.248607] [] ctl_ioctl+0x255/0x4d0 [dm_mod] [ 1959.255307] [] ? memzero_explicit+0x12/0x20 [ 1959.261816] [] dm_ctl_ioctl+0x13/0x20 [dm_mod] [ 1959.268615] [] do_vfs_ioctl+0xa6/0x5c0 [ 1959.274637] [] ? __audit_syscall_entry+0xaf/0x100 [ 1959.281726] [] ? do_audit_syscall_entry+0x66/0x70 [ 1959.288814] [] SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90 [ 1959.294450] [] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x71 ... [ 1959.323277] RIP [] dm_exception_store_set_chunk_size+0x7a/0x110 [dm_snapshot] [ 1959.333090] RSP [ 1959.336978] CR2: 0000000000000098 [ 1959.344121] ---[ end trace b049991ccad1169e ]--- Fixes: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1195899 Signed-off-by: Ding Xiang Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

dm snapshot: fix hung bios when copy error occurs

2016-03-03T23:07:14Z

commit 385277bfb57faac44e92497104ba542cdd82d5fe upstream. When there is an error copying a chunk dm-snapshot can incorrectly hold associated bios indefinitely, resulting in hung IO. The function copy_callback sets pe->error if there was error copying the chunk, and then calls complete_exception. complete_exception calls pending_complete on error, otherwise it calls commit_exception with commit_callback (and commit_callback calls complete_exception). The persistent exception store (dm-snap-persistent.c) assumes that calls to prepare_exception and commit_exception are paired. persistent_prepare_exception increases ps->pending_count and persistent_commit_exception decreases it. If there is a copy error, persistent_prepare_exception is called but persistent_commit_exception is not. This results in the variable ps->pending_count never returning to zero and that causes some pending exceptions (and their associated bios) to be held forever. Fix this by unconditionally calling commit_exception regardless of whether the copy was successful. A new "valid" parameter is added to commit_exception -- when the copy fails this parameter is set to zero so that the chunk that failed to copy (and all following chunks) is not recorded in the snapshot store. Also, remove commit_callback now that it is merely a wrapper around pending_complete. Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

dm snapshot: add new persistent store option to support overflow

2015-10-09T20:57:03Z

Commit 76c44f6d80 introduced the possibly for "Overflow" to be reported by the snapshot device's status. Older userspace (e.g. lvm2) does not handle the "Overflow" status response. Fix this incompatibility by requiring newer userspace code, that can cope with "Overflow", request the persistent store with overflow support by using "PO" (Persistent with Overflow) for the snapshot store type. Reported-by: Zdenek Kabelac Fixes: 76c44f6d80 ("dm snapshot: don't invalidate on-disk image on snapshot write overflow") Reviewed-by: Mikulas Patocka Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer