kernel.git/arch/x86/kernel/unwind_frame.c, branch linux-4.14.y

x86/unwind: Handle NULL pointer calls better in frame unwinder

2019-03-27T05:13:54Z

commit f4f34e1b82eb4219d8eaa1c7e2e17ca219a6a2b5 upstream. When the frame unwinder is invoked for an oops caused by a call to NULL, it currently skips the parent function because BP still points to the parent's stack frame; the (nonexistent) current function only has the first half of a stack frame, and BP doesn't point to it yet. Add a special case for IP==0 that calculates a fake BP from SP, then uses the real BP for the next frame. Note that this handles first_frame specially: Return information about the parent function as long as the saved IP is >=first_frame, even if the fake BP points below it. With an artificially-added NULL call in prctl_set_seccomp(), before this patch, the trace is: Call Trace: ? prctl_set_seccomp+0x3a/0x50 __x64_sys_prctl+0x457/0x6f0 ? __ia32_sys_prctl+0x750/0x750 do_syscall_64+0x72/0x160 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 After this patch, the trace is: Call Trace: prctl_set_seccomp+0x3a/0x50 __x64_sys_prctl+0x457/0x6f0 ? __ia32_sys_prctl+0x750/0x750 do_syscall_64+0x72/0x160 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 Signed-off-by: Jann Horn Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Andrew Morton Cc: syzbot Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" Cc: Masahiro Yamada Cc: Michal Marek Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190301031201.7416-1-jannh@google.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

x86/unwind: Disable unwinder warnings on 32-bit

2017-10-10T10:49:49Z

x86-32 doesn't have stack validation, so in most cases it doesn't make sense to warn about bad frame pointers. Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf Cc: Byungchul Park Cc: Fengguang Wu Cc: LKP Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a69658760800bf281e6353248c23e0fa0acf5230.1507597785.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

x86/unwind: Align stack pointer in unwinder dump

2017-10-10T10:49:49Z

When printing the unwinder dump, the stack pointer could be unaligned, for one of two reasons: - stack corruption; or - GCC created an unaligned stack. There's no way for the unwinder to tell the difference between the two, so we have to assume one or the other. GCC unaligned stacks are very rare, and have only been spotted before GCC 5. Presumably, if we're doing an unwinder stack dump, stack corruption is more likely than a GCC unaligned stack. So always align the stack before starting the dump. Reported-and-tested-by: Tetsuo Handa Reported-and-tested-by: Fengguang Wu Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf Cc: Byungchul Park Cc: LKP Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2f540c515946ab09ed267e1a1d6421202a0cce08.1507597785.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

x86/unwind: Use MSB for frame pointer encoding on 32-bit

2017-10-10T10:49:48Z

On x86-32, Tetsuo Handa and Fengguang Wu reported unwinder warnings like: WARNING: kernel stack regs at f60bb9c8 in swapper:1 has bad 'bp' value 0ba00000 And also there were some stack dumps with a bunch of unreliable '?' symbols after an apic_timer_interrupt symbol, meaning the unwinder got confused when it tried to read the regs. The cause of those issues is that, with GCC 4.8 (and possibly older), there are cases where GCC misaligns the stack pointer in a leaf function for no apparent reason: c124a388 : c124a388: 55 push %ebp c124a389: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp c124a38b: 57 push %edi c124a38c: 56 push %esi c124a38d: 89 d6 mov %edx,%esi c124a38f: 53 push %ebx c124a390: 31 db xor %ebx,%ebx c124a392: 83 ec 03 sub $0x3,%esp ... c124a3e3: 83 c4 03 add $0x3,%esp c124a3e6: 5b pop %ebx c124a3e7: 5e pop %esi c124a3e8: 5f pop %edi c124a3e9: 5d pop %ebp c124a3ea: c3 ret If an interrupt occurs in such a function, the regs on the stack will be unaligned, which breaks the frame pointer encoding assumption. So on 32-bit, use the MSB instead of the LSB to encode the regs. This isn't an issue on 64-bit, because interrupts align the stack before writing to it. Reported-and-tested-by: Tetsuo Handa Reported-and-tested-by: Fengguang Wu Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf Cc: Byungchul Park Cc: LKP Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/279a26996a482ca716605c7dbc7f2db9d8d91e81.1507597785.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

x86/unwind: Fix dereference of untrusted pointer

2017-10-10T10:49:47Z

Tetsuo Handa and Fengguang Wu reported a panic in the unwinder: BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 000001f2 IP: update_stack_state+0xd4/0x340 *pde = 00000000 Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP CPU: 0 PID: 18728 Comm: 01-cpu-hotplug Not tainted 4.13.0-rc4-00170-gb09be67 #592 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.9.3-20161025_171302-gandalf 04/01/2014 task: bb0b53c0 task.stack: bb3ac000 EIP: update_stack_state+0xd4/0x340 EFLAGS: 00010002 CPU: 0 EAX: 0000a570 EBX: bb3adccb ECX: 0000f401 EDX: 0000a570 ESI: 00000001 EDI: 000001ba EBP: bb3adc6b ESP: bb3adc3f DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0000 SS: 0068 CR0: 80050033 CR2: 000001f2 CR3: 0b3a7000 CR4: 00140690 DR0: 00000000 DR1: 00000000 DR2: 00000000 DR3: 00000000 DR6: fffe0ff0 DR7: 00000400 Call Trace: ? unwind_next_frame+0xea/0x400 ? __unwind_start+0xf5/0x180 ? __save_stack_trace+0x81/0x160 ? save_stack_trace+0x20/0x30 ? __lock_acquire+0xfa5/0x12f0 ? lock_acquire+0x1c2/0x230 ? tick_periodic+0x3a/0xf0 ? _raw_spin_lock+0x42/0x50 ? tick_periodic+0x3a/0xf0 ? tick_periodic+0x3a/0xf0 ? debug_smp_processor_id+0x12/0x20 ? tick_handle_periodic+0x23/0xc0 ? local_apic_timer_interrupt+0x63/0x70 ? smp_trace_apic_timer_interrupt+0x235/0x6a0 ? trace_apic_timer_interrupt+0x37/0x3c ? strrchr+0x23/0x50 Code: 0f 95 c1 89 c7 89 45 e4 0f b6 c1 89 c6 89 45 dc 8b 04 85 98 cb 74 bc 88 4d e3 89 45 f0 83 c0 01 84 c9 89 04 b5 98 cb 74 bc 74 3b <8b> 47 38 8b 57 34 c6 43 1d 01 25 00 00 02 00 83 e2 03 09 d0 83 EIP: update_stack_state+0xd4/0x340 SS:ESP: 0068:bb3adc3f CR2: 00000000000001f2 ---[ end trace 0d147fd4aba8ff50 ]--- Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt On x86-32, after decoding a frame pointer to get a regs address, regs_size() dereferences the regs pointer when it checks regs->cs to see if the regs are user mode. This is dangerous because it's possible that what looks like a decoded frame pointer is actually a corrupt value, and we don't want the unwinder to make things worse. Instead of calling regs_size() on an unsafe pointer, just assume they're kernel regs to start with. Later, once it's safe to access the regs, we can do the user mode check and corresponding safety check for the remaining two regs. Reported-and-tested-by: Tetsuo Handa Reported-and-tested-by: Fengguang Wu Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf Cc: Byungchul Park Cc: LKP Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Fixes: 5ed8d8bb38c5 ("x86/unwind: Move common code into update_stack_state()") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/7f95b9a6993dec7674b3f3ab3dcd3294f7b9644d.1507597785.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

Merge branch 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

2017-09-04T16:52:57Z

Pull x86 asm updates from Ingo Molnar: - Introduce the ORC unwinder, which can be enabled via CONFIG_ORC_UNWINDER=y. The ORC unwinder is a lightweight, Linux kernel specific debuginfo implementation, which aims to be DWARF done right for unwinding. Objtool is used to generate the ORC unwinder tables during build, so the data format is flexible and kernel internal: there's no dependency on debuginfo created by an external toolchain. The ORC unwinder is almost two orders of magnitude faster than the (out of tree) DWARF unwinder - which is important for perf call graph profiling. It is also significantly simpler and is coded defensively: there has not been a single ORC related kernel crash so far, even with early versions. (knock on wood!) But the main advantage is that enabling the ORC unwinder allows CONFIG_FRAME_POINTERS to be turned off - which speeds up the kernel measurably: With frame pointers disabled, GCC does not have to add frame pointer instrumentation code to every function in the kernel. The kernel's .text size decreases by about 3.2%, resulting in better cache utilization and fewer instructions executed, resulting in a broad kernel-wide speedup. Average speedup of system calls should be roughly in the 1-3% range - measurements by Mel Gorman [1] have shown a speedup of 5-10% for some function execution intense workloads. The main cost of the unwinder is that the unwinder data has to be stored in RAM: the memory cost is 2-4MB of RAM, depending on kernel config - which is a modest cost on modern x86 systems. Given how young the ORC unwinder code is it's not enabled by default - but given the performance advantages the plan is to eventually make it the default unwinder on x86. See Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt for more details. - Remove lguest support: its intended role was that of a temporary proof of concept for virtualization, plus its removal will enable the reduction (removal) of the paravirt API as well, so Rusty agreed to its removal. (Juergen Gross) - Clean up and fix FSGS related functionality (Andy Lutomirski) - Clean up IO access APIs (Andy Shevchenko) - Enhance the symbol namespace (Jiri Slaby) * 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (47 commits) objtool: Handle GCC stack pointer adjustment bug x86/entry/64: Use ENTRY() instead of ALIGN+GLOBAL for stub32_clone() x86/fpu/math-emu: Add ENDPROC to functions x86/boot/64: Extract efi_pe_entry() from startup_64() x86/boot/32: Extract efi_pe_entry() from startup_32() x86/lguest: Remove lguest support x86/paravirt/xen: Remove xen_patch() objtool: Fix objtool fallthrough detection with function padding x86/xen/64: Fix the reported SS and CS in SYSCALL objtool: Track DRAP separately from callee-saved registers objtool: Fix validate_branch() return codes x86: Clarify/fix no-op barriers for text_poke_bp() x86/switch_to/64: Rewrite FS/GS switching yet again to fix AMD CPUs selftests/x86/fsgsbase: Test selectors 1, 2, and 3 x86/fsgsbase/64: Report FSBASE and GSBASE correctly in core dumps x86/fsgsbase/64: Fully initialize FS and GS state in start_thread_common x86/asm: Fix UNWIND_HINT_REGS macro for older binutils x86/asm/32: Fix regs_get_register() on segment registers x86/xen/64: Rearrange the SYSCALL entries x86/asm/32: Remove a bunch of '& 0xffff' from pt_regs segment reads ...

irq: Make the irqentry text section unconditional

2017-08-10T14:28:53Z

Generate irqentry and softirqentry text sections without any Kconfig dependencies. This will add extra sections, but there should be no performace impact. Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy Cc: Chris Zankel Cc: David S . Miller Cc: Francis Deslauriers Cc: Jesper Nilsson Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Max Filippov Cc: Mikael Starvik Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: Yoshinori Sato Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-cris-kernel@axis.com Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/150172789110.27216.3955739126693102122.stgit@devbox Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

x86/unwind: Add the ORC unwinder

2017-07-26T11:18:20Z

Add the new ORC unwinder which is enabled by CONFIG_ORC_UNWINDER=y. It plugs into the existing x86 unwinder framework. It relies on objtool to generate the needed .orc_unwind and .orc_unwind_ip sections. For more details on why ORC is used instead of DWARF, see Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt - but the short version is that it's a simplified, fundamentally more robust debugninfo data structure, which also allows up to two orders of magnitude faster lookups than the DWARF unwinder - which matters to profiling workloads like perf. Thanks to Andy Lutomirski for the performance improvement ideas: splitting the ORC unwind table into two parallel arrays and creating a fast lookup table to search a subset of the unwind table. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Brian Gerst Cc: Denys Vlasenko Cc: H. Peter Anvin Cc: Jiri Slaby Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Mike Galbraith Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/0a6cbfb40f8da99b7a45a1a8302dc6aef16ec812.1500938583.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com [ Extended the changelog. ] Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

x86/unwind: Add end-of-stack check for ftrace handlers

2017-05-24T07:05:16Z

Dave Jones and Steven Rostedt reported unwinder warnings like the following: WARNING: kernel stack frame pointer at ffff8800bda0ff30 in sshd:1090 has bad value 000055b32abf1fa8 In both cases, the unwinder was attempting to unwind from an ftrace handler into entry code. The callchain was something like: syscall entry code C function ftrace handler save_stack_trace() The problem is that the unwinder's end-of-stack logic gets confused by the way ftrace lays out the stack frame (with fentry enabled). I was able to recreate this warning with: echo call_usermodehelper_exec_async:stacktrace > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_ftrace_filter (exit login session) I considered fixing this by changing the ftrace code to rewrite the stack to make the unwinder happy. But that seemed too intrusive after I implemented it. Instead, just add another check to the unwinder's end-of-stack logic to detect this special case. Side note: We could probably get rid of these end-of-stack checks by encoding the frame pointer for syscall entry just like we do for interrupt entry. That would be simpler, but it would also be a lot more intrusive since it would slightly affect the performance of every syscall. Reported-by: Dave Jones Reported-by: Steven Rostedt Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Petr Mladek Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org Fixes: c32c47c68a0a ("x86/unwind: Warn on bad frame pointer") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/671ba22fbc0156b8f7e0cfa5ab2a795e08bc37e1.1495553739.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/livepatching

2017-05-03T01:24:16Z

Pull livepatch updates from Jiri Kosina: - a per-task consistency model is being added for architectures that support reliable stack dumping (extending this, currently rather trivial set, is currently in the works). This extends the nature of the types of patches that can be applied by live patching infrastructure. The code stems from the design proposal made [1] back in November 2014. It's a hybrid of SUSE's kGraft and RH's kpatch, combining advantages of both: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Most of the heavy lifting done by Josh Poimboeuf with help from Miroslav Benes and Petr Mladek [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz - module load time patch optimization from Zhou Chengming - a few assorted small fixes * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/livepatching: livepatch: add missing printk newlines livepatch: Cancel transition a safe way for immediate patches livepatch: Reduce the time of finding module symbols livepatch: make klp_mutex proper part of API livepatch: allow removal of a disabled patch livepatch: add /proc//patch_state livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model livepatch: store function sizes livepatch: use kstrtobool() in enabled_store() livepatch: move patching functions into patch.c livepatch: remove unnecessary object loaded check livepatch: separate enabled and patched states livepatch/s390: add TIF_PATCH_PENDING thread flag livepatch/s390: reorganize TIF thread flag bits livepatch/powerpc: add TIF_PATCH_PENDING thread flag livepatch/x86: add TIF_PATCH_PENDING thread flag livepatch: create temporary klp_update_patch_state() stub x86/entry: define _TIF_ALLWORK_MASK flags explicitly stacktrace/x86: add function for detecting reliable stack traces